1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T1b24,Additional information can be found at the TRANSPORT website: http://northweb.hpl.umces.edu/TRANSPORT/home.htm Project description: This coupled field-and-modeling research project is designed to address fundamental, cutting-edge questions that will significantly enhance our understanding of physical-biological interactions in planktonic organisms and quantify how pelagic life stages influence population dynamics. Technological advances in field methodology and numerical modeling will be integrated and applied to investigate and compare how circulation patterns, larval transport, sub-population connectivity, and population dynamics of the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, respond to environmental variability and habitat alteration. This project will provide information that will significantly enhance the restoration and management of oysters. Physical-biological interactions are an integral part of understanding fish, bivalve, and crustacean early-life history and the processes that affect inter-annual variability in their recruitment to reproducing populations. The combined modeling and field approach builds on existing state-of-the-art models, it applies a new technology that will significantly advance our ability to investigate in-situ bivalve larvae dynamics, and it will generate critical information about the early life of oysters (timing of spawning, larval behavior) that is necessary for enhancing our understanding and prediction of recruitment processes. This research will also advance our understanding of population dynamics of organisms with a pelagic life stages by making quantitative links between larval transport and a full life-cycle model. In doing so, it will provide improved understanding of the inter-relationships between, and relative importance of, larval transport, the connectivity of different reef systems, and adult growth, mortality, and gamete production, and how these relationships are influenced by changes in physical conditions and habitat. Although focused on the oyster, Crassostrea virginica, the ecological studies and comparisons will result in a significant enhancement in our understanding of the interactions between physical conditions and a suite of bivalve species. This program will benefit society by providing new insights and understanding that will enhance fisheries management capabilities. The numerical tools developed will have the resolution appropriate for helping to guide oyster restoration programs, locate optimal sanctuaries (i.e., marine protected areas), and inform spatial management of oyster harvest. Although the quantitative tools and information generated will directly support oyster management and restoration activities of state and federal partners in Chesapeake Bay, the findings and tools developed in this project will be applicable to many other systems where bivalves comprise an important component of commercial and recreational fisheries. A PhD graduate student will be trained in field and numerical modeling research in this coupled field-and-modeling program. In addition to gaining a solid foundation in a cutting-edge field, the student will have the opportunity to develop science communication skills and interact with management agency representatives. Publications Produced as a Result of this Research: Gallego, A., E.W. North and E.D. Houde. 2012. Understanding and quantifying mortality in pelagic, early life stages of marine organisms — Old challenges and new perspectives. Journal of Marine Systems 93: 1-3. Goodwin, J. D., and E.W. North. In prep. Identifying factors that influence the swimming behavior of Crassostrea virginica larvae in Choptank River and calculating their mortality. Goodwin, J. D., E. W. North, and C. M. Thompson. 2014. Evaluating and improving a semi-automated image analysis technique for identifying bivalve larvae. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 12: 548-562. DOI: 10.4319/lom.2014.12.548 Goodwin, J. D., E. W. North, and V. S. Kennedy. 2016. Identification of eastern oyster Crassostrea virginica larvae using polarized light microscopy in a mesohaline region of Chesapeake Bay. Journal of Shellfish Research 35(1): 157-168. Goodwin, J. D., E. W. North, C. M. Thompson, I. Mitchell and H.M McFadden. In press. Improving a semi-automated classification technique for bivalve larvae: automated image acquisition and measures of quality control. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods. North, E. W., D. M. King, J. Xu, R. R. Hood, R. I. E. Newell, K. T. Paynter, M. L. Kellogg, M. K. Liddel, and D. F. Boesch. 2010. Linking optimization and ecological models in a decision support tool for oyster restoration and management. Ecological Applications 20(3): 851–866. Spires, J. E., E. W. North, and W. Long. In prep. The influence of salinity-induced mortality on larval transport between eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) reefs in an oligohaline estuary: model simulations and implications for restoration. Estuaries and Coasts. Thompson, C. M., E. W. North, V. S. Kennedy, and S. N. White. 2015. Classifying bivalve larvae using shell pigments identified by Raman spectra. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry 407:3591-3604, DOI 10.1007/s00216-015-8575-8 Thompson, C.M., E.W. North, S.N. White, and S.M. Gallager. 2014. An analysis of bivalve larval shell pigments using micro-Raman spectroscopy. Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 45(5):349-358 Dissertations and Theses: Goodwin, J. D. 2015. Integrating automated imaging and a novel identification technique to estimate mortality and factors that determine the vertical distribution of Crassostrea virginica larvae. Ph.D. Dissertation. University of Maryland College Park and the University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science. Spires, J. E. The exchange of eastern oyster (Crassostrea virginica) larvae between subpopulations in the Chotpank and Little Choptank Rivers: model simulations, the influence of salinity, and implications for restoration. Master of Science Thesis, University of Maryland College Park and Center for Environmental Science, 79 pp. Books and One-Time Proceedings: Anthony, Z. 2014. Optimal microscope and camera settings for counting and identifying copepods (Acartia tonsa) using a newly developed semi-automated image analysis technology. Undergraduate Research Report. 14 pp. Hinson, K. I., E.W. North, and C.M. Thompson. 2011. New technologies to support shellfish restoration. Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) final report. Mitchell, I. 2013. Updates in LTRANS v.2b. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory. Cambridge, MD. 2 pp. North, E. W. 2010. Q&A: Elizabeth North. 10/01/2009-09/30/2010, ICES Insight, September 2010, vol. 47, p. 43-44. Schlag, Z. R., and E. W. North. 2012. Lagrangian TRANSport model (LTRANS v.2) User’s Guide. University of Maryland Center for Environmental Science, Horn Point Laboratory. Cambridge, MD. 183 pp.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"566982","description":"

Cruises were in the Choptank River to four fixed locations in July 2011 and 2012.

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(Version 3) Version Date 2015-09-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/566982 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/566982","versionDate":"2015-09-22","versionId":"3","year":"2015","title":"Sample logs from the Fixed Station cruises of the TRANSPORT program on R/V Hugh R. 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The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorometer, altimeter, etc.). Note that in most cases, it is more accurate to specify SBE 911 than SBE 9 since it is likely a SBE 11 deck unit was used. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics","type_acronym":"CTD SBE 9"},{"_id":"567023","name":"","description":"","type_id":"413","type_name":"Niskin bottle","type_desc":"A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.","type_acronym":"Niskin bottle"},{"_id":"567022","name":"gel-net","description":"1) Gel-net, towed vertically, for gelatinous zooplankton collection\n2) Zooplankton net, 64 micron mesh","type_id":"525","type_name":"Plankton Net","type_desc":"A Plankton Net is a generic term for a sampling net that is used to collect plankton. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available.","type_acronym":"Plankton Net"},{"_id":"567020","name":"","description":"Bellows pump attached to CTD with hose for collecting bivalve larvae caught on a 64 micron mesh.","type_id":"726","type_name":"Pump","type_desc":"A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps","type_acronym":""},{"_id":"567024","name":"","description":"","type_id":"552","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. More information from the manufacturer: https://www.seabird.com/products/sbe-43-dissolved-oxygen-sensor","type_acronym":"SBE-43 DO"},{"_id":"566991","name":"","description":"","type_id":"473","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE-3 Temperature Sensor","type_desc":"The SBE-3 is a slow response, frequency output temperature sensor manufactured by Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc. (Bellevue, Washington, USA). It has an initial accuracy of +/- 0.001 degrees Celsius with a stability of +/- 0.002 degrees Celsius per year and measures seawater temperature in the range of -5.0 to +35 degrees Celsius. More information from Sea-Bird Electronics: https://www.seabird.com/products/sbe-3-oceanographic-temperature-sensor","type_acronym":"SBE-3 Temperature"},{"_id":"566992","name":"","description":"","type_id":"474","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE-4 Conductivity Sensor","type_desc":"The Sea-Bird SBE-4 conductivity sensor is a modular, self-contained instrument that measures conductivity from 0 to 7 Siemens/meter. The sensors (Version 2; S/N 2000 and higher) have electrically isolated power circuits and optically coupled outputs to eliminate any possibility of noise and corrosion caused by ground loops. The sensing element is a cylindrical, flow-through, borosilicate glass cell with three internal platinum electrodes. Because the outer electrodes are connected together, electric fields are confined inside the cell, making the measured resistance (and instrument calibration) independent of calibration bath size or proximity to protective cages or other objects.","type_acronym":"SBE-4 Conductivity"},{"_id":"567012","name":"","description":"","type_id":"609","type_name":"Secchi Disc","type_desc":"Typically, a 16 inch diameter white/black quadrant disc used to measure water optical clarity","type_acronym":"Secchi Disc"},{"_id":"566993","name":"","description":"","type_id":"608","type_name":"WetLabs FLNTU","type_desc":"The WetLabs ECO FLNTU is a dual-wavelength, single-angle sensor for simultaneously determining both chlorophyll fluorescence and turbidity. It detects light scattered by particles suspended in water, generating an output voltage proportional to turbidity or suspended solids. Scaling factors are used to convert the voltage readings to values representing chlorophyll concentration and turbidity expressed in Nephelometric Turbidity Units (NTUs).","type_acronym":"FLNTU"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"567880","name":"cruise_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

official cruise identification

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1102","name":"cruise_id","description":"

cruise designation; name

"}},{"_id":"567881","name":"cruise_name","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

alternate name assigned to cruise

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1929","name":"Cruise Name","description":"

The cruise_name is a local name chosen by project investigators for a research expedition on a vessel, as opposed to the formal/official cruise ID asserted by the vessel operator.

"}},{"_id":"567882","name":"station","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

station number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"987","name":"station","description":"

Station identifier; a unique number or alphanumeric string designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

"}},{"_id":"567883","name":"date","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

date

","units":{"_id":"","name":"yyyymmdd"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"567884","name":"time_UTC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

UTC time

","units":{"_id":"","name":"HH:MM"},"type":{"_id":"1011","name":"time_utc","description":"

UTC time, using 2400 clock format

"}},{"_id":"567885","name":"time_local","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

local time

","units":{"_id":"","name":"HH:MM"},"type":{"_id":"1007","name":"time_local","description":"

time of day, local time, using 2400 clock format

"}},{"_id":"567886","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

UTC time; ISO formatted

","units":{"_id":"","name":"yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
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Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"567887","name":"yrday_UTC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

local day and decimal time; eg. 326.5 for the 326th day of the year or November 22 at 1200 hours (noon)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1067","name":"yrday_utc","description":"

UTC day and decimal time, as 326.5 for the 326th day of the year, or November 22 at 1200 hours (noon). Use yrday_gmt for future data sets.

"}},{"_id":"567888","name":"lat","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

latitude; north is positive

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"567889","name":"lon","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

longitude; east is positive

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"567890","name":"depth_w","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

depth of the water

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters"},"type":{"_id":"818","name":"depth_w","description":"

water depth, in meters

"}},{"_id":"567891","name":"sal","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

surface salinty

","units":{"_id":"","name":"PSU"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

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"}},{"_id":"567892","name":"temp","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

surface temperature

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water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"567893","name":"cast_ctd","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

CTD cast number

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cast or profile number

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depth of total suspended solids samples

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

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The depth at which a Secchi disk disappears, a measure of water clarity.

"}},{"_id":"567896","name":"pump_samples","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

pump samples (2011 only): B=botton; M=middle; MS=mid-surface; S=surface

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text description or other traits of the sample collected

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pycnocline type

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notes

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free text comments, may only have meaning to submitting PI

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