http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/639480
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2016-03-01
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Algal species ID from herbivore exclusion and nutrient enrichment experiments conducted in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary during 2009-2012 (HERBVRE project)
2016-12-19
publication
2016-12-19
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2021-08-05
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.639480.1
Deron Burkepile
Florida International University
principalInvestigator
Rebecca Vega Thurber
Florida International University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Burkepile, D., Vega Thurber, R. (2021) Algal species ID from herbivore exclusion and nutrient enrichment experiments conducted in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary during 2009-2012 (HERBVRE project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2016-12-19 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.639480.1 [access date]
Algal species ID from herbivore exclusion/nutrient enrichment experiment Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p><u>Natural history of the study site:&nbsp;</u><br />
This experiment was conducted in the area of Pickles Reef (24.99430, -80.40650), located east of Key Largo, Florida in the United States. The Florida Keys reef tract consists of a large bank reef system located approximately 8 km offshore of the Florida Keys, USA, and paralleling the island chain. Our study reef is a 5-6 m deep spur and groove reef system within this reef tract. The reefs of the Florida Keys have robust herbivorous fish populations and are relatively oligotrophic. Coral cover on most reefs in the Florida Keys, including our site, is 5-10%, while macroalgal cover averages ~15%, but ranges from 0-70% depending on location and season. Parrotfishes (<em>Scaridae</em>) and surgeonfishes (<em>Acanthuridae</em>) are the dominant herbivores on these reefs as fishing for them was banned in 1981. The other important herbivore on Caribbean reefs, the urchin&nbsp;<em>Diadema antillarum</em>, remains at low densities across the Florida Keys following the mass mortality event in 1982-3.</p>
<p><u>Exclosure and nutrient enrichment experimental design details</u><br />
In order to simulate the effects of overfishing, nutrient loading, or the combination of these stressors, we conducted a three-year field experiment. Four pairs of 9m<sup>2 </sup>plots were established. One member of each of these pairs was enriched with nitrogen and phosphorous, while the other remained at ambient nutrient levels. These plots were &gt;10 m from each other in all cases. Each 9 m<sup>2</sup> plot was delineated into nine 1 m<sup>2</sup> subplots with metal nails driven into the reef at the corners and center of each plot. The locations of the plots were selected such that initial variation in rugosity and algal cover within each subplot was minimal. Within each plot, two randomly-selected subplots were enclosed with herbivore exclosures, while two other random subplots were selected as exclosure controls. Exclosure controls were fitted with open-topped exclosures. These controls allowed access by herbivorous fishes but acted as controls for other potential artifacts of the cages.</p>
<p>All exclosures were made of plastic-coated wire mesh with 2.5 cm diameter holes. This diameter mesh generally excludes most fishes &gt;10 cm total length. Smaller or juvenile herbivorous fishes are able to enter the exclosures, but these smaller herbivores generally contribute little to overall grazing rates on reefs and have minimal impacts on the algal communities. Additionally, access by smaller herbivores reflects patterns seen under intensive fishing, in which larger fish species are preferentially harvested while leaving smaller size classes of fish. We scrubbed both exclosures and exclosure controls every 4-6 weeks to remove fouling organisms.</p>
<p>Nutrient pollution was simulated using slow-release fertilizer diffusers applied to each nutrient enrichment plot. Each diffuser was a 15 cm diameter PVC tube, perforated with six 1.5 cm holes. The open ends of the PVC tube were wrapped in fine plastic mesh to keep fertilizer pellets inside, but allow diffusion of soluble nutrients. 175 g of Osmocote<sup>®</sup> (19-6-12, N-P-K) slow-release fertilizer was loaded into each diffuser. PVC enrichment tubes were attached to each metal nail within the 9m<sup>2</sup> enrichment plots for a total of 25 enrichment tubes per enrichment plot. Nutrients were replaced every 30-40 days to ensure continued delivery of N and P. Previous studies have shown Osmocote delivery using similar methods to be an effective way of enriching water column nutrients in benthic systems.</p>
<p><u>Quantification of Benthic Cover</u><br />
At least once every season (e.g. Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter at 12-14 week intervals), we visually quantified benthic cover within four, 50 cm X 50 cm quadrats in each of the 1 m<sup>2</sup> treatment areas. These quadrats were divided into 49 points, and benthic organisms under each point were identified to species or genus. Algae that are challenging to identify taxonomically under field conditions (e.g. crustose coralline algae, filamentous algae) were classified into algal functional groups (<a href="#_ENREF_18" title="Steneck, 1994 #7023">e.g. <em>52</em></a>). Filamentous algae were classified into short algal turf (&lt; 0.5 cm in height) or algal turf (&gt; 0.5 cm in height) given that taller, thicker algal turf can often be deleterious to coral health and growth.</p>
<p>Benthic cover was quantified in June 2009 one week before treatments were initiated to provide a baseline from which to assess changes in algal abundance and community structure. No significant differences among treatments in algal abundance could be detected at the beginning of the experiment, as expected given random assignment of subplots to treatment conditions. Further, during the summer of each year (2009-2012) when algal cover was often at its highest, we also surveyed open areas of reef (areas that did not have three-sided exclosure controls) with the 9 m<sup>2</sup> plots to assess whether the exclosure controls had any effect on algal abundance or community composition. We did not detect any differences in algal abundance or community composition between the open unmanipulated areas and exclosure controls.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1130786 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1130786
completed
Deron Burkepile
Florida International University
805-893-3067
Department of Ecology, Evolution, and Marine Biology
Santa Barbara
CA
93106
USA
dburkepile@ucsb.edu
pointOfContact
Rebecca Vega Thurber
Florida International University
rvegathurber@gmail.com
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
site
lat
lon
year
season
block
nutrient_tmt
herbivore_tmt
rep
taxon
abund
theme
None, User defined
site
latitude
longitude
year
season
sample identification
treatment
replicate
taxon
percent coverage
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Burkepile_FL_Keys
service
Deployment Activity
Pickles Reef, east of Key Largo, FL
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Cascading interactions of herbivore loss and nutrient enrichment on coral reef macroalgae, corals, and microbial dynamics
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/529590
Cascading interactions of herbivore loss and nutrient enrichment on coral reef macroalgae, corals, and microbial dynamics
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
Coral reefs in the Caribbean Sea are undergoing unprecedented declines in coral cover due in large part to climate change, pollution, and reductions in fish biodiversity and abundance. Macroalgae have become abundant on reefs, probably due to decreases in herbivory (e.g., through overfishing) and increases in anthropogenic inputs of nutrients. The spread of macroalgae has negative feedbacks on reef recovery because algae are often superior competitors and suppress growth of both adult and juvenile corals. A majority of reef studies to date have focused on how stressors affect macroorganisms, while relatively few have investigated how these stressors and the resultant algal-dominated states affect microorganisms. Yet, coral reef-associated microbes play significant roles in coral reef ecosystems through biogeochemical cycling and disease. Since microbes are important mutualists of corals as well as potential pathogens, it is important to understand the mechanisms that control their taxonomic and functional diversity.</p>
<p>The goal of this proposal is to quantify how alterations of top-down (removal of herbivorous fish) and bottom-up (inorganic nutrient addition) forces alter macrobial as well as microbial dynamics on coral reefs in order to understand the mechanisms that reinforce coral-depauperate reef systems. This work asks two main questions:</p>
<p>Q1. How do nutrient enrichment and herbivore removal interact to affect benthic algal abundance, coral-algal interactions, and coral survivorship and growth?</p>
<p>Q2. How do nutrient enrichment and herbivore removal affect bacterial abundance, taxonomic diversity, and functional diversity on and within corals?</p>
<p>The proposed research will directly and empirically address many of the current hypotheses about how bottom-up and top-down forces alter reef dynamics. The PIs will investigate: (1) the impact of multiple stressors over several years; (2) impacts on multiple levels of biological organization (from fishes to algae to microbes); and (3) the mechanisms underlying changes in algal-coral microbe interactions. Significantly, the approach will provide the statistical power necessary to distinguish between seasonal- and stress-induced changes in macro- and microbial diversity.</p>
<p><strong>Resulting Publication:</strong><br />
Zaneveld, J.R., D.E. Burkepile, A.A. Shantz, C. Pritchard, R. McMinds, J. Payet, R. Welsh, A.M.S. Correa, N.P. Lemoine, S. Rosales, C.E. Fuchs, and R. Vega Thurber (2016) Overfishing, nutrient pollution, and temperature interact to disrupt coral reefs down to microbial scales. Nature Communications 7:11833 doi:10.1038/ncomms11833.<br />
Access to data via <a href="http://www.nature.com/articles/ncomms11833#supplementary-information" target="_blank">Supplementary Information</a>.</p>
HERBVRE
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
Pickles Reef, east of Key Largo, FL
-80.4065
-80.4065
24.9943
24.9943
2009-06-01
2012-08-01
Key Largo, Florida Keys, USA; N 24.99430, W 080.40650
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Algal species ID from herbivore exclusion and nutrient enrichment experiments conducted in the Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary during 2009-2012 (HERBVRE project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639489.rdf
Name: site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>study site</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639490.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>latitude; north is positive</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639491.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>longitude; east is positive</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639492.rdf
Name: year
Units: yyyy
Description: <p>year</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639493.rdf
Name: season
Units: unitless
Description: <p>season</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639494.rdf
Name: block
Units: unitless
Description: <p>9 meter square plot</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639495.rdf
Name: nutrient_tmt
Units: unitless
Description: <p>control = ambient nutrients; enriched = mimicked nutrient pollution by addition of fertilizer</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639496.rdf
Name: herbivore_tmt
Units: unitless
Description: <p>uncaged = open to herbivores (Exclosure Control); caged = excluded herbivores (Exclosure)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639497.rdf
Name: rep
Units: unitless
Description: <p>replicate number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639498.rdf
Name: taxon
Units: unitless
Description: <p>cover by algal or sessile animal taxon or sand</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/639499.rdf
Name: abund
Units: percent
Description: <p>percent cover by taxon</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
3012566
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/27413/1/dataset-639480_algal-species-florida-keys__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.639480.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><u>Natural history of the study site:&nbsp;</u><br />
This experiment was conducted in the area of Pickles Reef (24.99430, -80.40650), located east of Key Largo, Florida in the United States. The Florida Keys reef tract consists of a large bank reef system located approximately 8 km offshore of the Florida Keys, USA, and paralleling the island chain. Our study reef is a 5-6 m deep spur and groove reef system within this reef tract. The reefs of the Florida Keys have robust herbivorous fish populations and are relatively oligotrophic. Coral cover on most reefs in the Florida Keys, including our site, is 5-10%, while macroalgal cover averages ~15%, but ranges from 0-70% depending on location and season. Parrotfishes (<em>Scaridae</em>) and surgeonfishes (<em>Acanthuridae</em>) are the dominant herbivores on these reefs as fishing for them was banned in 1981. The other important herbivore on Caribbean reefs, the urchin&nbsp;<em>Diadema antillarum</em>, remains at low densities across the Florida Keys following the mass mortality event in 1982-3.</p>
<p><u>Exclosure and nutrient enrichment experimental design details</u><br />
In order to simulate the effects of overfishing, nutrient loading, or the combination of these stressors, we conducted a three-year field experiment. Four pairs of 9m<sup>2 </sup>plots were established. One member of each of these pairs was enriched with nitrogen and phosphorous, while the other remained at ambient nutrient levels. These plots were &gt;10 m from each other in all cases. Each 9 m<sup>2</sup> plot was delineated into nine 1 m<sup>2</sup> subplots with metal nails driven into the reef at the corners and center of each plot. The locations of the plots were selected such that initial variation in rugosity and algal cover within each subplot was minimal. Within each plot, two randomly-selected subplots were enclosed with herbivore exclosures, while two other random subplots were selected as exclosure controls. Exclosure controls were fitted with open-topped exclosures. These controls allowed access by herbivorous fishes but acted as controls for other potential artifacts of the cages.</p>
<p>All exclosures were made of plastic-coated wire mesh with 2.5 cm diameter holes. This diameter mesh generally excludes most fishes &gt;10 cm total length. Smaller or juvenile herbivorous fishes are able to enter the exclosures, but these smaller herbivores generally contribute little to overall grazing rates on reefs and have minimal impacts on the algal communities. Additionally, access by smaller herbivores reflects patterns seen under intensive fishing, in which larger fish species are preferentially harvested while leaving smaller size classes of fish. We scrubbed both exclosures and exclosure controls every 4-6 weeks to remove fouling organisms.</p>
<p>Nutrient pollution was simulated using slow-release fertilizer diffusers applied to each nutrient enrichment plot. Each diffuser was a 15 cm diameter PVC tube, perforated with six 1.5 cm holes. The open ends of the PVC tube were wrapped in fine plastic mesh to keep fertilizer pellets inside, but allow diffusion of soluble nutrients. 175 g of Osmocote<sup>®</sup> (19-6-12, N-P-K) slow-release fertilizer was loaded into each diffuser. PVC enrichment tubes were attached to each metal nail within the 9m<sup>2</sup> enrichment plots for a total of 25 enrichment tubes per enrichment plot. Nutrients were replaced every 30-40 days to ensure continued delivery of N and P. Previous studies have shown Osmocote delivery using similar methods to be an effective way of enriching water column nutrients in benthic systems.</p>
<p><u>Quantification of Benthic Cover</u><br />
At least once every season (e.g. Spring, Summer, Fall, Winter at 12-14 week intervals), we visually quantified benthic cover within four, 50 cm X 50 cm quadrats in each of the 1 m<sup>2</sup> treatment areas. These quadrats were divided into 49 points, and benthic organisms under each point were identified to species or genus. Algae that are challenging to identify taxonomically under field conditions (e.g. crustose coralline algae, filamentous algae) were classified into algal functional groups (<a href="#_ENREF_18" title="Steneck, 1994 #7023">e.g. <em>52</em></a>). Filamentous algae were classified into short algal turf (&lt; 0.5 cm in height) or algal turf (&gt; 0.5 cm in height) given that taller, thicker algal turf can often be deleterious to coral health and growth.</p>
<p>Benthic cover was quantified in June 2009 one week before treatments were initiated to provide a baseline from which to assess changes in algal abundance and community structure. No significant differences among treatments in algal abundance could be detected at the beginning of the experiment, as expected given random assignment of subplots to treatment conditions. Further, during the summer of each year (2009-2012) when algal cover was often at its highest, we also surveyed open areas of reef (areas that did not have three-sided exclosure controls) with the 9 m<sup>2</sup> plots to assess whether the exclosure controls had any effect on algal abundance or community composition. We did not detect any differences in algal abundance or community composition between the open unmanipulated areas and exclosure controls.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing:</strong><br />
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date, reference information<br />
- renamed parameters to BCO-DMO standard<br />
- added site, lab, lat, lon columns<br />
- replaced blank cells with nd<br />
- replaced spaces with underscores; removed ()<br />
- transformed species columns to rows<br />
- corrected spellings to conform to <a href="https://www.itis.gov/" target="_blank">Integrated Taxonomic Information System</a> (ITIS) and <a href="http://www.marinespecies.org/index.php" target="_blank">World Registry of Marine Species</a> (WORMS) accepted names</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Deployment: Burkepile_FL_Keys
Burkepile_FL_Keys
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
shoreside
Florida Keys National Marine Sanctuary
shoreside