http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/644607
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2016-05-03
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Dissolved Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter from R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise TN303 in the Eastern Tropical Pacific in 2013 (U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT project)
2016-07-14
publication
2016-07-14
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2020-09-03
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.644607.4
Edward A. Boyle
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
principalInvestigator
Jong-Mi Lee
University of California-Santa Cruz
principalInvestigator
Cheryl Zurbrick
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Boyle, E., Lee, J., Zurbrick, C. (2020) Dissolved Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter from R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise TN303 in the Eastern Tropical Pacific in 2013 (U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 4) Version Date 2016-07-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.644607.4 [access date]
Dissolved Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter from US GEOTRACES EPZT cruise. Dataset Description: <p>Dissolved Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter. Samples were collected on the US GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (EPZT) cruise in 2013.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Sample storage bottle lids and threads were soaked overnight in 2N reagent grade HCl, then filled with 1N reagent grade HCl to be heated in an oven at 60 degrees C overnight, inverted, heated for a second day, and rinsed 5X with pure distilled water. The bottles were then filled with trace metal clean dilute HCl (~0.01N HCl) and again heated in the oven for one day on either end. Clean sample bottles were emptied, and double-bagged prior to rinsing and filling with sample.</p>
<p>Trace metal-clean seawater samples were collected using the U.S. GEOTRACES sampling system consisting of 24 Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles that had been pre-rinsed with a 24+ hour treatment of filtered surface seawater at the beginning of the cruise (see Cutter &amp; Bruland, 2012 for more information on the sampling system). At each station, the bottles were deployed open and tripped on ascent at 3 m/min. On deck, the bottles were kept in a trace metal clean sampling van over-pressurized with HEPA-filtered air, except immediately prior to and following deployments, in which cases they were covered on both ends with shower caps to avoid deck contamination.</p>
<p>During sampling in the clean van, the GO-FLO bottles were pressurized to ~0.4 atm with HEPA-filtered air, and their spigots were fitted with an acid-cleaned piece of Bev-a-Line tubing that fed into an Acropak-200 Supor capsule filter (0.2 um pore size made of polyethersulfone). Before use, this filter had been filled with filtered surface seawater that had been acidified to pH 2 with trace metal clean HCl and left overnight to rinse. Before collecting any subsamples, at least 500 mL of seawater was passed through the filter (while eliminating air bubbles in the capsule reservoir). Subsamples were taken into acid-cleaned (see above) Nalgene HDPE bottles after a triple rinse with the sample. Acropak filters were used for at most 3 casts before a new filter was used, and they were stored empty in a refrigerator while not in use. GEOFish surface samples were taken using an all-plastic "towed fish" pumping system as described in Bruland <em>et al</em>. 2005 at approximately 3 m depth and were subsampled identically.</p>
<p>All samples were acidified back in the Boyle laboratory at 2 mL per liter seawater (pH ~2) with trace metal clean 6N HCl.</p>
<p>Samples were analyzed at least 1 month after acidification over 52 analytical sessions by one of two methods: a resin pre-concentration or magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation for very low level Pb concentration analyses. Details of the two methods are as follows:</p>
<p><strong>(1) Resin pre-concentration:</strong> This method utilized the isotope-dilution ICP-MS method described in Lee <em>et al</em>. 2011, which includes pre-concentration on nitrilotriacetate (NTA) resin and analysis on a Fisons PQ2+ using a 400 uL/min nebulizer. Briefly, samples were poured into 30 mL subsample bottles. Then, triplicate 1.5 mL polyethylene vials (Eppendorf AG) were rinsed three times with the 30 mL subsample.&nbsp;Each sample was pipetted (1.3 mL) from the 30 mL subsample to the 1.5 mL vial.&nbsp;Pipettes were calibrated daily to the desired volume.&nbsp;25uL of a <sup>204</sup>Pb spike were added to each sample, and the pH was raised to 5.3 using a trace metal clean ammonium acetate buffer, prepared at a pH of between 7.9 and 7.98.&nbsp; ~2400 beads of NTA Superflow resin (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) were added to the mixture, and the vials were set to shake on a shaker for 4 days to allow the sample to equilibrate with the resin.&nbsp;After 4 days, the beads were centrifuged and washed 3 times with pure distilled water, using a trace metal clean syphon tip to remove the water wash from the sample vial following centrifugation.&nbsp;After the last wash, 320 uL of a 0.1N solution of trace metal clean HNO<sub>3</sub> was added to the resin to elute the metals, and the samples were set to shake on a shaker for 2 days prior to analysis by ICP-MS. NTA Superflow resin was cleaned by batch rinsing with 0.1N trace metal clean HCl for a few hours, followed by multiple washes until the pH of the solution was above 4.&nbsp;Resin was stored at 4 degrees C in the dark until use, though it was allowed to equilibrate to room temperature prior to the addition to the sample. Eppendorf polyethylene vials were cleaned by heated submersion for 2 days at 60 degrees C in 1N reagent grade HCl, followed by a bulk rinse and 4X individual rinse of each vial with pure distilled water. Each vial was then filled with trace metal clean dilute HCl (~0.01N HCl) and heated in the oven at 60 degrees C for one day on either end.&nbsp;Vials were kept filled until just before usage.</p>
<p><strong>(2) Magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation (a.k.a “Low level method”):</strong> This method works for all seawater samples, but was employed especially for lower level Pb concentration samples. The method is a lower volume seawater adaptation of the isotope ratio method of Reuer <em>et al.,</em> 2003, which includes pre-concentration by co-precipitation and analysis on a Fisons PQ2+ using a 400 uL/min nebulizer. Briefly, 50 mL polypropylene conical centrifuge tubes (Corning) were weighed and recorded before rinsing three times with seawater sample or blank (low trace metal seawater) and filling with ~40 mL of sample (10 mL of blank). Samples were processed in duplicate. Each sample vial was then weighed and recorded for an accurate measurement of sample volume by mass. Each sample and blank was then spiked with 100 uL of a <sup>204</sup>Pb spike; pipettes were calibrated daily to the desired volume. After a 10 – 60 minute equilibration period, trace metal clean ammonium hydroxide, prepared at a pH of between 8.5 and 9.5 was added such that co-precipitation would occur within 8 hours. Samples were left to precipitate for 12 – 24 hours prior to centrifuging, siphoning off of seawater using a trace metal clean siphon tip, and dissolution in 50 – 100 uL trace metal clean HCl (6M), determined visually for each sample. Samples were then re-precipitated with 20 – 50 uL of ammonium hydroxide (instantaneous) and left to sit for 12 – 24 hours prior to centrifuging, siphoning off of seawater using a trace metal clean siphon tip, and dissolution in 200 – 500 uL trace metal clean HBr (1.1M). Excess salts in the samples were then removed by processing through an anion exchange column chemistry based on Krogh, 1973 and Manhesa <em>et al.</em>, 1978. In brief, trace metal cleaned Eichrom AG-1x8 resin was used with in-house made mini-Teflon columns; resin was cleaned with 2mL HCl (6M), equilibrated with 1mL HBr (1.1M); samples were loaded (in 1.1M HBr), washed with 1.5 mL HBr (1.1M), washed with 0.8 mL HCl (2M) and eluted for collection with 2 mL HCl (6M). Concentrated samples were evaporated to dryness until analysis. Prior to analysis, samples were dissolved in 500 uL of 0.1M trace metal clean HNO<sub>3</sub>. For each set of samples, three low trace metal seawater blanks were concurrently extracted; for each column separation, 1 chemistry blank was run. Eichrom AG-1x8 resin was cleaned by three batch rinses with 6N trace metal clean HCl for a ~12 hours on a shaker table, followed by multiple washes with distilled water until the pH of the solution was above 4.5. Resin was stored at room temperature in the dark until use. Corning polypropylene conical centrifuge tubes (50mL) were cleaned by heated submersion for 2 days at 60 degrees C in 1N reagent grade HCl, followed by a bulk rinse and 4X individual rinse of each vial with pure distilled water. Each vial was then filled with trace metal clean dilute HCl (~0.01N HCl) and heated in the oven at 60 degrees C for one day on either end. Vials were kept filled until just before usage.</p>
<p>On each day of sample analysis, procedure blanks were determined. For the resin preconcentration method, 12 replicates of 300 uL of an in-house standard reference material seawater (low Pb surface water) were used, where the amount of Pb in the 300 uL was verified as negligible. For the "low level" magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method, 3 replicates of ~10 mL of the same in-house standard reference material seawater were used. The procedural blank over the relevant sessions for resin preconcentration method ranged from 2.2-7.3 pmol/kg, averaging 4.9 ± 1.4 pmol/kg; for the magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method, blanks ranged from 0.2 – 3.9 pmol/kg, averaging 1.3 ± 0.9 pmol/kg. Within a day, procedure blanks were very reproducible with an average standard deviation of 0.8 pmol/kg (resin preconcentration method) and 0.3 pmol/kg (magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method), resulting in detection limits (3x this standard deviation) of 2.4 pmol/kg and 0.9 pmol/kg. Replicate analyses of three different large-volume seawater samples (one with ~13 pmol/kg, another with ~24 pmol/kg, and a third with ~35 pmol/kg) indicated that the precision of the analysis is similar for both methods: 4% or 1.2 pmol/kg, whichever is larger, for the resin preconcentration method; 10% or 0.9 pmol/kg, whichever is larger for the "low level" method.</p>
<p>Triplicate analyses of an international reference standard gave SAFe D2: 27.2 ± 1.7 pmol/kg. However, this standard run was linked into our own long-term quality control standards that are run on every analytical day to maintain long-term consistency. &nbsp;</p>
<p>The Pb concentrations of these samples were quite low, so in general the errors are determined more by uncertainty in the blank corrections rather than as a fixed percentage of the concentration. Profile samples were intercalibrated with Dr. Ken Bruland and his student Claire Parker and Dr. Russ Flegal and his technician Ralph Till, who analyzed separate samples from USGT-EPZT stations, and each used different analytical schemes. The standard deviation of the concentration differences for 213 GoFlo samples (excluding 5 samples with lab to lab differences of &gt;5 pmol/kg) analyzed by MIT and the UCSC Bruland lab was 1.5 pmol/kg. The standard deviation of the concentration differences for 77 GoFlo samples (excluding 5 samples with lab to lab differences of&nbsp; &gt;5 pmol/kg) analyzed by the UCSC-Flegal lab and the UCSC Bruland lab was 1.6 pmol/kg. We therefore believe that data from all three labs for this cruise are comparable to about 1.6 pmol/kg (one sigma). Analyses from an individual lab relative to other data from the same lab for this cruise are comparable to that lab’s standard deviation on standards or samples near the detection limits. For the MIT lab, the pooled standard deviation of 17 samples near the detection limit (analyzed by the "low level" method) for station 30 was 0.4 pmol/kg.</p>
<p>One third of the MIT samples were analyzed by Jong-Mi Lee using the resin preconcentration method, and the remaining two-thirds of the cruise samples were analyzed by Cheryl Zurbrick using both the resin preconcentration and "low level" methods. There was no significant difference between them for the lowest concentration large-volume seawater reference sample (JML averaged 13.2 ± 0.2 pmol/kg; CMZ averaged 13.3 ± 1.3 pmol/kg).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1233749 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1233749
completed
Edward A. Boyle
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
617-253-3388
Chemical Oceanography, Trace Metal Group MIT E25-619, 45 Carleton St
Cambridge
MA
02142
USA
eaboyle@mit.edu
pointOfContact
Jong-Mi Lee
University of California-Santa Cruz
831-459-4789
1156 High St
Santa Cruz
CA
95064
USA
jlee377@ucsc.edu
pointOfContact
Cheryl Zurbrick
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
617-324-4984
Office E25-612, MIT
Cambridge
MA
02142
USA
zurbrick@mit.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 4
Unknown
cruise_id
SECT_ID
EXPOCODE
STNNBR
GEOTRC_EVENTNO
date_pi
time_pi
lat_pi
lon_pi
BTMDEPTH
ISO_DATETIME_UTC_START_EVENT
EVENT_LAT
EVENT_LON
GEOTRC_SAMPNO
CTDPRS
depth_pi
Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE
Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG_W
N
Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE_STDEV
Pb_D_CONC_FISH
Pb_D_CONC_FISH_FLAG_W
Pb_D_CONC_FISH_STDEV
CASTNO
SAMPNO
BTLNBR
BTLNBR_FLAG_W
GEOTRC_INSTR
GFISH_NO
BTL_ISO_DATETIME_UTC
BTL_LAT
BTL_LON
ODF_CTDPRS
SMDEPTH
FMDEPTH
CTDDEPTH
Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles
ICP-MS
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
cruise name
EXPOCODE
station number
event
date
time of day
latitude
longitude
depth_w
ISO_DateTime_UTC
sample identification
water pressure
depth
trace metal concentration
flag
No BCO-DMO term
standard deviation
cast
Niskin bottle number
instrument
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
TN303
service
Deployment Activity
Eastern Tropical Pacific - Transect from Peru to Tahiti
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. GEOTRACES
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
U.S. GEOTRACES
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16)
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES East Pacific Zonal Transect (GP16)
<p><strong>From the NSF Award Abstract</strong><br />
The mission of the International GEOTRACES Program (<a href="https://www.geotraces.org/" target="_blank">https://www.geotraces.org/</a>), of which the U.S. chemical oceanography research community is a founding member, is "to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions" (GEOTRACES Science Plan, 2006). In the United States, ocean chemists are currently in the process of organizing a zonal transect in the eastern tropical South Pacific (ETSP) from Peru to Tahiti as the second cruise of the U.S.GEOTRACES Program. This Pacific section includes a large area characterized by high rates of primary production and particle export in the eastern boundary associated with the Peru Upwelling, a large oxygen minimum zone that is a major global sink for fixed nitrogen, and a large hydrothermal plume arising from the East Pacific Rise. This particular section was selected as a result of open planning workshops in 2007 and 2008, with a final recommendation made by the U.S.GEOTRACES Steering Committee in 2009. It is the first part of a two-stage plan that will include a meridional section of the Pacific from Tahiti to Alaska as a subsequent expedition.</p>
<p>This award provides funding for management of the U.S.GEOTRACES Pacific campaign to a team of scientists from the University of Southern California, Old Dominion University, and the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The three co-leaders will provide mission leadership, essential support services, and management structure for acquiring the trace elements and isotopes samples listed as core parameters in the International GEOTRACES Science Plan, plus hydrographic and nutrient data needed by participating investigators. With this support from NSF, the management team will (1) plan and coordinate the 52-day Pacific research cruise described above; (2) obtain representative samples for a wide variety of trace metals of interest using conventional CTD/rosette and GEOTRACES Sampling Systems; (3) acquire conventional JGOFS/WOCE-quality hydrographic data (CTD, transmissometer, fluorometer, oxygen sensor, etc) along with discrete samples for salinity, dissolved oxygen (to 1 uM detection limits), plant pigments, redox tracers such as ammonium and nitrite, and dissolved nutrients at micro- and nanomolar levels; (4) ensure that proper QA/QC protocols are followed and reported, as well as fulfilling all GEOTRACES Intercalibration protocols; (5) prepare and deliver all hydrographic-type data to the GEOTRACES Data Center (and US data centers); and (6) coordinate cruise communications between all participating investigators, including preparation of a hydrographic report/publication.</p>
<p>Broader Impacts: The project is part of an international collaborative program that has forged strong partnerships in the intercalibration and implementation phases that are unprecedented in chemical oceanography. The science product of these collective missions will enhance our ability to understand how to interpret the chemical composition of the ocean, and interpret how climate change will affect ocean chemistry. Partnerships include contributions to the infrastructure of developing nations with overlapping interests in the study area, in this case Peru. There is a strong educational component to the program, with many Ph.D. students carrying out thesis research within the program.</p>
<p><em>Figure 1. The 2013 GEOTRACES EPZT Cruise Track. [click on the image to view a larger version]</em><br />
<a href="http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/GEOTRACES/EPZT/GEOTRACES_EPZT_TN303_CruiseTrack.png" target="_blank"><img alt="" src="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/d3/data_docs/GEOTRACES/EPZT/GEOTRACES_EPZT_TN303_CruiseTrack.png" /></a></p>
U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT
largerWorkCitation
project
Collaborative Research: GEOTRACES Pacific section: Spatial variability of lead concentrations and isotopic compositions in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/648160
Collaborative Research: GEOTRACES Pacific section: Spatial variability of lead concentrations and isotopic compositions in the Eastern Tropical South Pacific
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
Scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology and the University of California, Santa Cruz, plan to measure lead (Pb) concentrations and Pb isotopes (204Pb, 206Pb, 207Pb and 208Pb) in seawater profiles, aerosols, and hydrothermal plume samples collected during the 2013 GEOTRACES cruise from Peru to Tahiti.</p>
<p>Not only will the data significantly add to the limited data set existing for the South Pacific Ocean, results will be used to further our knowledge on the cycling of this element in the marine environment, as well as improve our understanding of anthropogenic inputs of Pb to the region of interest which is important given increases in lead emissions from mining, smelting, and fossil fuel combustion. In addition, data from the East Pacific Rise plume will document whether hydrothermal vent systems contribute to the oceanic Pb budget.</p>
EPZT Pb
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Eastern Tropical Pacific - Transect from Peru to Tahiti
-152.11975
-77.4525
-16.0005
-10.21911
2013-10-28
2013-12-17
From projects that focused on the following 2 locations: 1. Eastern Tropical Pacific - Transect from Peru to Tahiti (GP16) 2. East Pacific
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Dissolved Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter from R/V Thomas G. Thompson cruise TN303 in the Eastern Tropical Pacific in 2013 (U.S. GEOTRACES EPZT project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650838.rdf
Name: cruise_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise identifier. TN = R/V Thomas G. Thompson.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650839.rdf
Name: SECT_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>GEOTRACES cruise name.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650840.rdf
Name: EXPOCODE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise EXPO code.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650841.rdf
Name: STNNBR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650842.rdf
Name: GEOTRC_EVENTNO
Units: unitless
Description: <p>GEOTRACES event number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650843.rdf
Name: date_pi
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling date, provided by the PI; in YYYYmmdd format.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650844.rdf
Name: time_pi
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling time, provided by the PI; in HHMM format.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650845.rdf
Name: lat_pi
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude where sample was collected, provided by the PI.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650846.rdf
Name: lon_pi
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude where sample was collected, provided by the PI.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650847.rdf
Name: BTMDEPTH
Units: meters
Description: <p>Bottom depth, provided by PI.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650848.rdf
Name: ISO_DATETIME_UTC_START_EVENT
Units: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS.xxZ
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) at start of the event, formatted to ISO 8601 standard, according to the event log.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650849.rdf
Name: EVENT_LAT
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude at the start of the event, according to the event log.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650850.rdf
Name: EVENT_LON
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude at the start of the event, according to the event log.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650851.rdf
Name: GEOTRC_SAMPNO
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>GEOTRACES sample number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650852.rdf
Name: CTDPRS
Units: decibars
Description: <p>CTD pressure, according to bottle file.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650853.rdf
Name: depth_pi
Units: meters
Description: <p>Sampling depth, provided by the PI.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650854.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Dissolved Pb, the Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter, in picomoles Pb per kg of seawater (sample size was quantified volumetrically at room temperature, then converted to weight units assuming a density of 1.027 g/cc); samples collected by GT-C rosette.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650855.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE_FLAG_W
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE. See "Processing Description" for flag definitions.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650856.rdf
Name: N
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Number of samples (N).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650857.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE_STDEV
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Pb_D_CONC_BOTTLE.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650858.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_FISH
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Dissolved Pb, the Pb passing through a 0.2 um Acropak capsule filter, in picomoles Pb per kg of seawater (sample size was quantified volumetrically at room temperature, then converted to weight units assuming a density of 1.027 g/cc); samples collected by GeoFish.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650859.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_FISH_FLAG_W
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Pb_D_CONC_FISH. See "Processing Description" for flag definitions.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650860.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_FISH_STDEV
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Pb_D_CONC_FISH.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650861.rdf
Name: CASTNO
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cast number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650862.rdf
Name: SAMPNO
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Bottle sample number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650863.rdf
Name: BTLNBR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Bottle number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650864.rdf
Name: BTLNBR_FLAG_W
Units: unitless
Description: <p>WOCE bottle quality flag.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650865.rdf
Name: GEOTRC_INSTR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling instrument.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650866.rdf
Name: GFISH_NO
Units: unitless
Description: <p>GEOTRACES towfish ("GeoFish") number.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650867.rdf
Name: BTL_ISO_DATETIME_UTC
Units: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS.xxZ
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) when the bottle was fired, formatted to ISO 8601 standard, according to the bottle file.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650868.rdf
Name: BTL_LAT
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude when the bottle was fired, according to the bottle file.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650869.rdf
Name: BTL_LON
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude when the bottle was fired, according to the bottle file.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650870.rdf
Name: ODF_CTDPRS
Units: decibars
Description: <p>Pressure, determined by ODF group.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650871.rdf
Name: SMDEPTH
Units: meters
Description: <p>SMDEPTH is Saunders-Mantyla depth (integrated; uses dynamic height)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650872.rdf
Name: FMDEPTH
Units: meters
Description: <p>FMDEPTH is Fofonoff-Millard depth (non-integrated; also used by SBE)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/650873.rdf
Name: CTDDEPTH
Units: meters
Description: <p>CTD depth, provided by the PI.</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
117534
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/26164/1/dataset-644607_gp16-pb-dissolved__v4.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.644607.4
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Sample storage bottle lids and threads were soaked overnight in 2N reagent grade HCl, then filled with 1N reagent grade HCl to be heated in an oven at 60 degrees C overnight, inverted, heated for a second day, and rinsed 5X with pure distilled water. The bottles were then filled with trace metal clean dilute HCl (~0.01N HCl) and again heated in the oven for one day on either end. Clean sample bottles were emptied, and double-bagged prior to rinsing and filling with sample.</p>
<p>Trace metal-clean seawater samples were collected using the U.S. GEOTRACES sampling system consisting of 24 Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles that had been pre-rinsed with a 24+ hour treatment of filtered surface seawater at the beginning of the cruise (see Cutter &amp; Bruland, 2012 for more information on the sampling system). At each station, the bottles were deployed open and tripped on ascent at 3 m/min. On deck, the bottles were kept in a trace metal clean sampling van over-pressurized with HEPA-filtered air, except immediately prior to and following deployments, in which cases they were covered on both ends with shower caps to avoid deck contamination.</p>
<p>During sampling in the clean van, the GO-FLO bottles were pressurized to ~0.4 atm with HEPA-filtered air, and their spigots were fitted with an acid-cleaned piece of Bev-a-Line tubing that fed into an Acropak-200 Supor capsule filter (0.2 um pore size made of polyethersulfone). Before use, this filter had been filled with filtered surface seawater that had been acidified to pH 2 with trace metal clean HCl and left overnight to rinse. Before collecting any subsamples, at least 500 mL of seawater was passed through the filter (while eliminating air bubbles in the capsule reservoir). Subsamples were taken into acid-cleaned (see above) Nalgene HDPE bottles after a triple rinse with the sample. Acropak filters were used for at most 3 casts before a new filter was used, and they were stored empty in a refrigerator while not in use. GEOFish surface samples were taken using an all-plastic "towed fish" pumping system as described in Bruland <em>et al</em>. 2005 at approximately 3 m depth and were subsampled identically.</p>
<p>All samples were acidified back in the Boyle laboratory at 2 mL per liter seawater (pH ~2) with trace metal clean 6N HCl.</p>
<p>Samples were analyzed at least 1 month after acidification over 52 analytical sessions by one of two methods: a resin pre-concentration or magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation for very low level Pb concentration analyses. Details of the two methods are as follows:</p>
<p><strong>(1) Resin pre-concentration:</strong> This method utilized the isotope-dilution ICP-MS method described in Lee <em>et al</em>. 2011, which includes pre-concentration on nitrilotriacetate (NTA) resin and analysis on a Fisons PQ2+ using a 400 uL/min nebulizer. Briefly, samples were poured into 30 mL subsample bottles. Then, triplicate 1.5 mL polyethylene vials (Eppendorf AG) were rinsed three times with the 30 mL subsample.&nbsp;Each sample was pipetted (1.3 mL) from the 30 mL subsample to the 1.5 mL vial.&nbsp;Pipettes were calibrated daily to the desired volume.&nbsp;25uL of a <sup>204</sup>Pb spike were added to each sample, and the pH was raised to 5.3 using a trace metal clean ammonium acetate buffer, prepared at a pH of between 7.9 and 7.98.&nbsp; ~2400 beads of NTA Superflow resin (Qiagen Inc., Valencia, CA) were added to the mixture, and the vials were set to shake on a shaker for 4 days to allow the sample to equilibrate with the resin.&nbsp;After 4 days, the beads were centrifuged and washed 3 times with pure distilled water, using a trace metal clean syphon tip to remove the water wash from the sample vial following centrifugation.&nbsp;After the last wash, 320 uL of a 0.1N solution of trace metal clean HNO<sub>3</sub> was added to the resin to elute the metals, and the samples were set to shake on a shaker for 2 days prior to analysis by ICP-MS. NTA Superflow resin was cleaned by batch rinsing with 0.1N trace metal clean HCl for a few hours, followed by multiple washes until the pH of the solution was above 4.&nbsp;Resin was stored at 4 degrees C in the dark until use, though it was allowed to equilibrate to room temperature prior to the addition to the sample. Eppendorf polyethylene vials were cleaned by heated submersion for 2 days at 60 degrees C in 1N reagent grade HCl, followed by a bulk rinse and 4X individual rinse of each vial with pure distilled water. Each vial was then filled with trace metal clean dilute HCl (~0.01N HCl) and heated in the oven at 60 degrees C for one day on either end.&nbsp;Vials were kept filled until just before usage.</p>
<p><strong>(2) Magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation (a.k.a “Low level method”):</strong> This method works for all seawater samples, but was employed especially for lower level Pb concentration samples. The method is a lower volume seawater adaptation of the isotope ratio method of Reuer <em>et al.,</em> 2003, which includes pre-concentration by co-precipitation and analysis on a Fisons PQ2+ using a 400 uL/min nebulizer. Briefly, 50 mL polypropylene conical centrifuge tubes (Corning) were weighed and recorded before rinsing three times with seawater sample or blank (low trace metal seawater) and filling with ~40 mL of sample (10 mL of blank). Samples were processed in duplicate. Each sample vial was then weighed and recorded for an accurate measurement of sample volume by mass. Each sample and blank was then spiked with 100 uL of a <sup>204</sup>Pb spike; pipettes were calibrated daily to the desired volume. After a 10 – 60 minute equilibration period, trace metal clean ammonium hydroxide, prepared at a pH of between 8.5 and 9.5 was added such that co-precipitation would occur within 8 hours. Samples were left to precipitate for 12 – 24 hours prior to centrifuging, siphoning off of seawater using a trace metal clean siphon tip, and dissolution in 50 – 100 uL trace metal clean HCl (6M), determined visually for each sample. Samples were then re-precipitated with 20 – 50 uL of ammonium hydroxide (instantaneous) and left to sit for 12 – 24 hours prior to centrifuging, siphoning off of seawater using a trace metal clean siphon tip, and dissolution in 200 – 500 uL trace metal clean HBr (1.1M). Excess salts in the samples were then removed by processing through an anion exchange column chemistry based on Krogh, 1973 and Manhesa <em>et al.</em>, 1978. In brief, trace metal cleaned Eichrom AG-1x8 resin was used with in-house made mini-Teflon columns; resin was cleaned with 2mL HCl (6M), equilibrated with 1mL HBr (1.1M); samples were loaded (in 1.1M HBr), washed with 1.5 mL HBr (1.1M), washed with 0.8 mL HCl (2M) and eluted for collection with 2 mL HCl (6M). Concentrated samples were evaporated to dryness until analysis. Prior to analysis, samples were dissolved in 500 uL of 0.1M trace metal clean HNO<sub>3</sub>. For each set of samples, three low trace metal seawater blanks were concurrently extracted; for each column separation, 1 chemistry blank was run. Eichrom AG-1x8 resin was cleaned by three batch rinses with 6N trace metal clean HCl for a ~12 hours on a shaker table, followed by multiple washes with distilled water until the pH of the solution was above 4.5. Resin was stored at room temperature in the dark until use. Corning polypropylene conical centrifuge tubes (50mL) were cleaned by heated submersion for 2 days at 60 degrees C in 1N reagent grade HCl, followed by a bulk rinse and 4X individual rinse of each vial with pure distilled water. Each vial was then filled with trace metal clean dilute HCl (~0.01N HCl) and heated in the oven at 60 degrees C for one day on either end. Vials were kept filled until just before usage.</p>
<p>On each day of sample analysis, procedure blanks were determined. For the resin preconcentration method, 12 replicates of 300 uL of an in-house standard reference material seawater (low Pb surface water) were used, where the amount of Pb in the 300 uL was verified as negligible. For the "low level" magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method, 3 replicates of ~10 mL of the same in-house standard reference material seawater were used. The procedural blank over the relevant sessions for resin preconcentration method ranged from 2.2-7.3 pmol/kg, averaging 4.9 ± 1.4 pmol/kg; for the magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method, blanks ranged from 0.2 – 3.9 pmol/kg, averaging 1.3 ± 0.9 pmol/kg. Within a day, procedure blanks were very reproducible with an average standard deviation of 0.8 pmol/kg (resin preconcentration method) and 0.3 pmol/kg (magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method), resulting in detection limits (3x this standard deviation) of 2.4 pmol/kg and 0.9 pmol/kg. Replicate analyses of three different large-volume seawater samples (one with ~13 pmol/kg, another with ~24 pmol/kg, and a third with ~35 pmol/kg) indicated that the precision of the analysis is similar for both methods: 4% or 1.2 pmol/kg, whichever is larger, for the resin preconcentration method; 10% or 0.9 pmol/kg, whichever is larger for the "low level" method.</p>
<p>Triplicate analyses of an international reference standard gave SAFe D2: 27.2 ± 1.7 pmol/kg. However, this standard run was linked into our own long-term quality control standards that are run on every analytical day to maintain long-term consistency. &nbsp;</p>
<p>The Pb concentrations of these samples were quite low, so in general the errors are determined more by uncertainty in the blank corrections rather than as a fixed percentage of the concentration. Profile samples were intercalibrated with Dr. Ken Bruland and his student Claire Parker and Dr. Russ Flegal and his technician Ralph Till, who analyzed separate samples from USGT-EPZT stations, and each used different analytical schemes. The standard deviation of the concentration differences for 213 GoFlo samples (excluding 5 samples with lab to lab differences of &gt;5 pmol/kg) analyzed by MIT and the UCSC Bruland lab was 1.5 pmol/kg. The standard deviation of the concentration differences for 77 GoFlo samples (excluding 5 samples with lab to lab differences of&nbsp; &gt;5 pmol/kg) analyzed by the UCSC-Flegal lab and the UCSC Bruland lab was 1.6 pmol/kg. We therefore believe that data from all three labs for this cruise are comparable to about 1.6 pmol/kg (one sigma). Analyses from an individual lab relative to other data from the same lab for this cruise are comparable to that lab’s standard deviation on standards or samples near the detection limits. For the MIT lab, the pooled standard deviation of 17 samples near the detection limit (analyzed by the "low level" method) for station 30 was 0.4 pmol/kg.</p>
<p>One third of the MIT samples were analyzed by Jong-Mi Lee using the resin preconcentration method, and the remaining two-thirds of the cruise samples were analyzed by Cheryl Zurbrick using both the resin preconcentration and "low level" methods. There was no significant difference between them for the lowest concentration large-volume seawater reference sample (JML averaged 13.2 ± 0.2 pmol/kg; CMZ averaged 13.3 ± 1.3 pmol/kg).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Samples were analyzed in triplicate (resin preconcentration method) or duplicate (magnesium hydroxide co-precipitation method), and average values shown in this database were only accepted if reproduced over at least two replicates; otherwise, the data was re-analyzed until a reproducible value was reached.</p>
<p>The standard Ocean Data View flags were used (reference all flags at <a href="https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/odv_format/" target="_blank">https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/odv_format/</a>):</p>
<p><strong>1</strong>: Good Value: Good quality data value that is not part of any identified malfunction and has been verified as consistent with real phenomena during the quality control process.</p>
<p><strong>2</strong>: Probably Good Value: Data value that is probably consistent with real phenomena but this is unconfirmed or data value forming part of a malfunction that is considered too small to affect the overall quality of the data object of which it is a part. [Used when only one replicate confirmed the reported value.]</p>
<p><strong>3</strong>: Probably Bad Value: Data value recognized as unusual during quality control that forms part of a feature that is probably inconsistent with real phenomena.</p>
<p><strong>4</strong>: Bad Value: An obviously erroneous data value.</p>
<p><strong>6</strong>: Value Below Detection Limit: The level of the measured phenomenon was too small to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the detection limit for the technique or zero if that value is unknown.</p>
<p><strong>9</strong>: Missing Value: The data value is missing. Any accompanying value will be a magic number representing absent data. [All samples collected were analyzed. Any missing data was not collected.]</p>
<p>In this dataset, we did not encounter any samples that did not yield acceptably reproducible results upon repeated analysis, so we believe that the data truly represents the concentration of Pb in the sample collection bottle. However, there were a few points that were high based on adjacent samples and for which an obvious hydrographic argument could not be made for the anomaly. These samples may be contaminated, and they are given the quality control flag of 3 (probably bad value).</p>
<p>BCO-DMO Processing:<br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO and GEOTRACES naming conventions;<br />
- replaced blanks with "nd" (no data);<br />
- moved GeoFish data into separate columns per GEOTRACES naming conventions;<br />
- made corrections in data values to two samples (8792 and 9865) per request from PI (July 13, 2016);<br />
- made corrections to quality flags for 3 samples (8375, 8377, 8379) per request from PI (July 14, 2016).</p>
<p><strong>Additional GEOTRACES Processing by BCO-DMO:</strong><br />
As was done for the GEOTRACES-NAT data, BCO-DMO added standard US GEOTRACES information, such as the US GEOTRACES event number, to each submitted dataset lacking this information. To accomplish this, BCO-DMO compiled a 'master' dataset composed of the following parameters:<br />
cruise_id, EXPOCODE,SECT_ID, STNNBR, CASTNO, GEOTRC_EVENTNO, GEOTRC_SAMPNO, GEOTRC_INSTR, SAMPNO, GF_NO, BTLNBR, BTLNBR_FLAG_W, DATE_START_EVENT, TIME_START_EVENT, ISO_DATETIME_UTC_START_EVENT, EVENT_LAT, EVENT_LON, DEPTH_MIN, DEPTH_MAX, &nbsp;BTL_DATE, BTL_TIME, BTL_ISO_DATETIME_UTC, BTL_LAT, BTL_LON, ODF_CTDPRS, SMDEPTH, FMDEPTH, BTMDEPTH, CTDPRS, CTDDEPTH.</p>
<p>This added information will facilitate subsequent analysis and inter-comparison of the datasets.</p>
<p>Bottle parameters in the master file were taken from the GT-C_Bottle and ODF_Bottle datasets. Non-bottle parameters, including those from GeoFish tows, Aerosol sampling, and McLane Pumps, were taken from the TN303 Event Log (version 30 Oct 2014). Where applicable, pump information was taken from the PUMP_Nuts_Sals dataset.</p>
<p>A standardized BCO-DMO method (called "join") was then used to merge the missing parameters to each US GEOTRACES dataset, most often by matching on sample_GEOTRC or on some unique combination of other parameters.</p>
<p>If the master parameters were included in the original data file and the values did not differ from the master file, the original data columns were retained and the names of the parameters were changed from the PI-submitted names to the standardized master names. If there were differences between the PI-supplied parameter values and those in the master file, both columns were retained. If the original data submission included all of the master parameters, no additional columns were added, but parameter names were modified to match the naming conventions of the master file.</p>
<p>See the dataset parameters documentation for a description of which parameters were supplied by the PI and which were added via the join method.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles
Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Teflon-coated GO-FLO bottles Instrument Name: GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle Instrument Short Name:GO-FLO Teflon TM Instrument Description: GO-FLO Teflon-lined Trace Metal free sampling bottles are used for collecting water samples for trace metal, nutrient and pigment analysis. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is designed specifically to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/
ICP-MS
ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: ICP-MS Instrument Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:ICP Mass Spec Instrument Description: An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
Cruise: TN303
TN303
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TN303
James W. Moffett
University of Southern California
http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/GEOTRACES/EPZT/GT13_EPZT_ODFReport_All.pdf
Report describing TN303
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel