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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/653277.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Experimental results on density dependent loss and growth in invasive red lionfish sampled at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas in 2011</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Hixon, M. (2016) Experimental results on density dependent loss and growth in invasive red lionfish sampled at Lee Stocking Island, Bahamas in 2011. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2016-08-05 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.653277.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Density dependence in invasive red lionfish as it effects loss and growth. Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This field experiment was conducted on artificial patch reefs to test for presence of density dependence in invasive red lionfish recruitment, immigration, loss, and growth (in mass and length). &amp;amp;nbsp;The experiment used 10 reefs which were manipulated so that 4 reefs had 0 lionfish on them (controls), and 6 each had a unique density of lionfish. &amp;amp;nbsp;Each week, the number of lionfish on each reef was recorded, and new lionfish recruits and immigrants were removed. &amp;amp;nbsp;Every two weeks, lionfish growth in length was re-measured. &amp;amp;nbsp;At the end of the experiment (6 weeks), lionfish growth in mass was re-measured.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:14px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Related Manuscript: Benkwitt, C.E. (2013) and Benkwitt, C.E. (2015)&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Field experiment on artificial patch reefs to test for presence of density dependence in invasive red lionfish recruitment, immigration, loss, and growth (in mass and length).&amp;amp;nbsp; Juvenile lionfish (40 - 71 mm total length [TL]) were collected from surrounding reefs by SCUBA divers using handnets and held in 190-l flow-through aquaria prior to release onto the experimental matrix. All lionfish were tagged subcutaneously using colored elastomer (Northwest Marine Technology Inc., Shaw Island, Washington, USA) on the caudal peduncle and/or slightly anterior to the caudal peduncle just under the dorsal fins.&amp;amp;nbsp; All fish were held for at least 12 hours after tagging to allow for recovery from any tagging effects and measured (TL to nearest 1 mm) and weighed (wet weight [WW] to nearest 1 mg) just before being released onto the experimental reefs.&amp;amp;nbsp; Lionfish were transplanted to 10 artificial patch reefs (each measuring 1 cubic meter) so that 4 reefs had 0 lionfish on them (controls) and 6 each had a unique density of lionfish (2, 4, 6, 8, 10, or 12 lionfish).&amp;amp;nbsp; To account for changes in lionfish density throughout the course of the experiment, we also calculated the weighted average weekly lionfish density for each reef (1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and 12 lionfish/m&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:10.8333px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;^2&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt; rounded to the nearest fish).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A pair of trained observers using SCUBA recorded the number and identity of tagged lionfish present on each reef weekly.&amp;amp;nbsp; If a lionfish was not seen on a reef, we searched the surrounding sand and seagrass for approximately 10 minutes. If the lionfish was still not found, it was marked as absent for that week. If never found again, it was marked as lost from the last day it was seen.&amp;amp;nbsp; We recorded the number of new lionfish recruits present on each reef weekly.&amp;amp;nbsp; Any new lionfish were immediately removed to preserve the treatment densities.&amp;amp;nbsp; Every two weeks, we recaptured all tagged lionfish on scuba using handnets, re-measured their TL in situ, and immediately released them back to their original locations on the reef. At the conclusion of the experiment (after 8-weeks), lionfish were re-captured and re-weighed.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;All data were entered by one person, and then subsequently checked by another person to ensure accuracy.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/561016.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1233027" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1233027 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1233027</gmx:Anchor>
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&lt;p&gt;The Bahamas support the highest abundances of invasive lionfish globally. This system thus provides an unprecedented opportunity to understand the direct and indirect effects of a major invader on a diverse community, as well as the underlying causative mechanisms. The PI will focus on five related questions: (1) How does long-term predation by lionfish alter the structure of native reef-fish communities? (2) How does lionfish predation destabilize native prey population dynamics, possibly causing local extinctions? (3) Is there a lionfish-herbivore-seaweed trophic cascade on invaded reefs? (4) How do lionfish modify cleaning mutualisms on invaded reefs? (5) Are lionfish reaching densities where natural population limits are evident? &lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:11px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;DMO Notes:&amp;lt;/span&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;span style=&amp;quot;font-size:11px&amp;quot;&amp;gt;-reformatted column names to comply with BCO-DMO standards&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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                <gmd:LI_Source>
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      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54255.rdf" xlink:title="Tropical Marine Lab at Lee Stocking Island" xlink:actuate="onRequest">laboratory</gmx:Anchor>
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            </gmi:MI_Operation>
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    <gmi:description>
      <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54255.rdf" xlink:title="Tropical Marine Lab at Lee Stocking Island" xlink:actuate="onRequest">laboratory</gmx:Anchor>
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</gmi:platform>
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