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Study system<\/strong> Subordinate predator removal experiment<\/strong> The main treatment plots were 0.25 m2 in size and corners were marked with stainless steel lag screws. Each main plot was surrounded by four additional subplots adjacent to each plot side that were meant to act as a buffer for the main plot. We monitored plots either bi-weekly or monthly as tides permitted from experimental initiation in June 2014 through May 2015. At each monitoring, we counted the total number of each subordinate predator species (N. canaliculata, N. ostrina, and Leptasterias spp.), as well as any less common predators, such as the whelk Nucella lamellosa, in all plots. When possible, we conducted a full monitoring with counts and removals of predators in the main plot, the four adjacent subplots, and in the corners between subplots. On some occasions, particularly during winter months with limited site access, we only monitored the main plots. All removal of whelks and Leptasterias spp. was conducted using forceps, and removed predators were relocated away from the plot area. In plots without removals, we mimicked the use of forceps in the plot while counting subordinate predators to limit the possibility that the physical action of predator removal would influence our results. Although SSWD caused declines in Pisaster ochraceus densities, it did not extirpate the species entirely from our sites. We recorded and relocated any P. ochraceus within each plot and any adult and juvenile P. ochraceus from a 3m radius around each plot.<\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasBriefDescription":[{"@value":"Sessile community structure with and without whelk and Leptasterias predators following Seastar Wasting Disease, coastal Oregon, 2014-2015","@language":"en-US"}],"http:\/\/purl.org\/dc\/terms\/description":[{"@value":" Data are from an experiment measuring sessile community structure with and without whelk and Leptasterias <\/em>predators following sea star wasting disease. The experiment was run at two sites from June 2014 to May 2015.<\/p>\n Related Reference:<\/strong> Related Datasets:<\/strong> Statistical Analyses<\/strong> BCO-DMO Processing:<\/strong>
\nOur study included 4 sites along the Oregon coast: Strawberry Hill (44.250\u00b0N-124.115\u00b0W) and Yachats Beach (44.319\u00b0N-124.109\u00b0W), located on Cape Perpetua, and Fogarty Creek (44.837\u00b0N-124.0587\u00b0W) and Boiler Bay (44.832\u00b0N-124.061\u00b0W) located on Cape Foulweather (Fig.1). Cape Perpetua is a rocky headland adjacent to a wide continental shelf offshore that promotes retention of propagules such as larvae and phytoplankton (Menge et al. 2015). As a result, Cape Perpetua intertidal sites are characterized by high phytoplankton productivity and high recruitment of invertebrates (Menge et al. 1997, 2004, 2015). Cape Foulweather, in contrast, is characterized by a narrower offshore continental shelf, which leads to reduced retentiveness, lower invertebrate abundance, and high macrophyte abundance. Prior to the onset of SSWD, densities of P. ochraceus could be as high as 8 individuals m-2 at Cape Perpetua and 4 individuals m-2 at Cape Foulweather sites (Menge et al. 2016).<\/p>\n
\nTo assess the effects of subordinate predators in the absence of the keystone, we conducted a factorial removal experiment at two intertidal sites located on Cape Perpetua, Oregon (Strawberry Hill and Yachats Beach, see Fig. 1). We predicted that whelk predators would affect establishment of the dominant mussel, Mytilus californianus, by consuming the mid-successional prey species that facilitate its recruitment. As such, we chose to follow prey dynamics from a mid-successional stage by placing plots where there was abundant cover of the mussel Mytilus trossulus and several barnacle species. This mid-successional community is where we expected to see the greatest effects of subordinate predators and the largest changes in community structure following SSWD. We originally examined the effects of two groups of subordinate predators, gastropod whelks Nucella canaliculata and N. ostrina (W) and the smaller sea star Leptasterias spp. (L), in a factorial design including four treatments: \u00a0+W +L, -W +L, +W -L, and -W -L. However, Leptasterias spp. were rare in our plots, and treatments were combined to include control (+W) and whelk removal (-W) treatments only (see data analysis section below). It is important to note that our experiment tested the effects of subordinate predators at reduced P. ochraceus densities, rather than comparing their effects in the presence or absence of P. ochraceus.<\/p>\n
\nElizabeth B. Cerny-Chipman, Jenna M. Sullivan, and Bruce A. Menge. Whelk predators exhibit limited population responses and community effects following disease-driven declines of the keystone sea star Pisaster ochraceus. <\/em>In Revision: MEPS.<\/p>\n
Prey percent covers<\/a>
Whelk size distributions: counts<\/a>
Whelk size distributions: individuals<\/a>
Whelk surveys<\/a><\/p><\/div>","@type":"rdf:HTML"}],"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/01\/rdf-schema#label":[{"@value":"Predator removals","@type":"xsd:string"}],"http:\/\/ocean-data.org\/schema\/hasProcessingDescription":[{"@value":"
\nTo determine whether population abundances of subordinate predators had changed from 2014 to 2015, we used negative binomial regression for survey count data, which were overdispersed, in the \u2018MASS\u2019 package (Venables & Ripley 2002) in R. In this case, a full model included a site x year interaction, which was dropped if non-significant. Because 2014 had many survey time points and 2015 had fewer surveys, we tried analyzing data from all time points and also from only the July 2014 and 2015 time points. We used all survey data as results were similar in both cases. To assess spatial changes in subordinate predator distributions, we ordered quadrats by measured tide height and analyzed differences in the cumulative distributions of whelk counts between the two years using two-sample Kolmogorov-Smirnov Tests with p-values bootstrapped using the package \u2018Matching\u2019 (Sekhon 2011). For these tests, we used only matched July time points in order to minimize distributional changes due to season.<\/p>\n
\n- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
\n- renamed parameters to BCO-DMO standard
\n- reformatted date from m\/d\/yyyy to yyyymmdd
\n- replaced . in specific_cover_type column with nd (no data)
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