http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/661151
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2016-10-07
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae along the coast of Monterey and Carmel starting in 1999 (Kelp Forest Resilience project)
2017-11-20
publication
2017-11-20
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-04-22
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.661151.1
Mark Carr
University of California-Santa Cruz
principalInvestigator
Tim Tinker
University of California-Santa Cruz
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Carr, M., Tinker, T. (2017) Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae along the coast of Monterey and Carmel starting in 1999 (Kelp Forest Resilience project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2017-11-20 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.661151.1 [access date]
Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae. Dataset Description: <p>This metadata record documents the kelp forest community survey component of our project. Data generated by these surveys consists of the following recorded on "transects" (described in Methodology section below): &nbsp;(i) percent cover of conspicuous colonial sessile invertebrates and particular species of macroalgae (e.g., foliose red algae), and (ii) percent cover of substratum type (sand, cobble, boulder, bedrock), and category of vertical relief.&nbsp;</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Sampling consists of visual surveys of the percent cover of conspicuous colonial sessile invertebrates and individually indistinguishable macroalgae by SCUBA divers. Surveys are conducted at sites distributed throughout the study region (Carmel Bay and southern Monterey Bay). Each sample site is divided into three "zones" (by depth - 20m, 12.5m, 5m - or from offshore to inshore at sites with little depth variation) to assure that samples are distributed across the face of a reef from inshore to offshore. Where possible, taxa (or taxonomic categories) are enumerated on six transects stratified across the three depth strata (two per stratum) per site (typically a 100m length of coastline, extending from onshore to the 20m isobath). Each "transect" is a 2m x 30m swath haphazardly located within one of the three depth strata.&nbsp; Transects within a stratum are separated end-to-end by approximately 5m. Sampling of each transect is conducted by three divers simultaneously. One diver records the number of individual invertebrates and macroalgae within each of three 10m-long segments of the 60m2&nbsp;swath. A second diver records the organism and substratum type beneath each of 30 points uniformly distributed along the 30m length of the transect (i.e. 1.0m increments) and the vertical relief (highest to lowest height of the reef surface) within a 0.5m long by 1m wide area centered on each uniform point.&nbsp; A third diver records the number and size of sea urchins and abalone within each of the 10m long segments of the 60m2&nbsp;swath. &nbsp;Surveys are designed to measure year-to-year site-wide variability in species density or percent cover, from which community structure and interannual dynamics are derived.&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1538582 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1538582
completed
Mark Carr
University of California-Santa Cruz
(831) 459-3958
Long Marine Laboratory University of California, Santa Cruz
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
mhcarr@ucsc.edu
pointOfContact
Tim Tinker
University of California-Santa Cruz
(831) 459-2357
USGS Western Ecological Research Center Long Marine Laboratory
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
ttinker@usgs.gov
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
year
date
site
lat
lon
side
zone
transect
category
classcode
count
pct_cov
depth
notes
theme
None, User defined
year
date
site
latitude
longitude
transect
site description
species scientific name (binomial)
count
percent coverage
depth
comments
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Carr_1999
service
Deployment Activity
Monterey and Carmel nearshore
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Kelp forest community resilience in action: adaptive responses of predators to a disease-driven food web perturbation
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/653038
Kelp forest community resilience in action: adaptive responses of predators to a disease-driven food web perturbation
<p>A key goal of ecology is to understand how species interactions -- competition, predation, mutualism -- influence the structure (e.g., biodiversity) and functions (e.g., productivity) of ecological communities and contribute to the stability and resilience of ecosystems. Kelp forests along the West Coast of North America have been a model ecosystem in which marine ecologists have explored these questions. That work has provided evidence that predators, including sea otters, sea stars, and fishes, can be important in controlling sea urchins that otherwise overgraze forests and create alternative "barrens" states, devoid of kelp. However, other examples suggest that disease and disturbance, not predators, suppress urchin overgrazing. Here we employ experiments and surveys to determine whether and how sea otters and sea stars act separately and in combination to control the rapid growth of sea urchin populations that is occurring in concert with a sea star "wasting" epidemic along the West Coast of North America. The results of this work will (i) advance our understanding of how multiple predators interact to influence community structure, stability and resilience, and (ii) shed light on how species interactions contribute to the stability of these forests that are the foundation of productive commercial and recreational fisheries. The project will involve citizen scientists contributing to surveys of sea otter abundance, foraging behavior and diet, and underrepresented (largely Latino) undergraduates and results will be disseminated in several public outreach facilities and K-12 educational programs.</p>
<p>This project will advance our understanding of the combined roles of species diversity and predators in contributing to the stability and resilience of community structure. Though both predators and diversity have been the focus of numerous studies, fewer have explored how predator diversity does or does not enhance the resilience of marine ecosystems. The investigators will determine the relative contributions of southern sea otters (Enyhda lutris lutris) and two species of sea stars (Pycnopodia helianthoides and Pisaster giganteus) in controlling the density and size structure of two prey species, the purple sea urchin (Strongylocentrotus purpuratus) and a snail (Promartynia pulligo), and the cascading effects on survival and density of giant kelp (Macrocystis pyrifera). Orthogonal manipulations of predator access in large field enclosures/exclosures will be used to assess the relative roles of redundancy, complementarity and "sampling effect" (i.e. particular importance of either species) among the two predators on both direct mortality and indirect (trait-mediated) foraging behavior of their prey. The PIs will evaluate whether results from the experiments "scale up" to explain geographic variation in the relative densities of predators (otters and stars), prey (urchins) and the major primary producer (giant kelp) and the ability of sea otters to compensate for declines in sea stars to control the rapid growth in purple sea urchin populations that can otherwise cause phase shifts (forests to barrens) of these ecosystems.</p>
Kelp_Forest_Resilience
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Monterey and Carmel nearshore
-121.982468
-121.894574
36.397717
36.640454
1996-01-01
2016-12-31
Monterey Bay and Carmel Bay, California; 36 N, 121 W
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Percent cover of sessile invertebrates and algae along the coast of Monterey and Carmel starting in 1999 (Kelp Forest Resilience project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661288.rdf
Name: year
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The year that the survey was done. This date is expressed in YYYY format. Dates reflect measurements taken in Local Time.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661289.rdf
Name: date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The date that the survey was done. This date is expressed in YYYYmmdd format. Dates reflect measurements taken in Local Time.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661290.rdf
Name: site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The unique site code where the survey was performed. This site code refers to a specific GPS location defined by a bounding box and is likely associated with a placename (i.e there may be multiple sitecodes at the 'Jalama Beach' placename).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661291.rdf
Name: lat
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude; north is positive.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661292.rdf
Name: lon
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude; east is positive.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661293.rdf
Name: side
Units: unitless
Description: <p>A division of the site into two or three areas referred to as sides. Sides may be East (E); West (W); South (S); North (N) or CEN (central)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661294.rdf
Name: zone
Units: unitless
Description: <p>A division of the side into 2 or 4 categories representing onshore-offshore stratification or targeted bottom depths for transects. Zones may be INNER; INMID; OUTMID; OUTER.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661295.rdf
Name: transect
Units: unitless
Description: <p>A number representing one of the parallel transects through the sitearea along which are located the sampling segments.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661296.rdf
Name: category
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Type of percent cover observation. Values include: SUBSTRATE (size of rock or sand over which the observation is taken); RELIEF (vertical relief within a 1m x 0.5m box around the sampled point); COVER (type of biotic subtrate associated cover present the uppermost layer at the observation point); SUPERLAYER (organisms which are super-numerous but not attached to the bottom and would not therefore otherwise be captured by the density or percent cover samping methods.)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661297.rdf
Name: classcode
Units: unitless
Description: <p>The unique taxonomic or functional classification code that is being counted as defined in the PISCO classification table. This refers to a code that defines the Genus and Species. See "Species Key" dataset for definitions.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661298.rdf
Name: count
Units: count
Description: <p>The count of the species or class indicated by the class code. The count is the number of points which fall on the identified classcode at 1m intervals along the transect tape.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661299.rdf
Name: pct_cov
Units: centimeters (cm)
Description: <p>Percent cover of the identified classcode calculated by dividing the count by the total number of points sampled along the transect.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/661300.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Average depth of the transect estimated by the diver. Each level is measured.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/765489.rdf
Name: notes
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>notes</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2871152
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24059/1/dataset-661151_percent-cover-sessile-invertebrates-and-algae__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.661151.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Sampling consists of visual surveys of the percent cover of conspicuous colonial sessile invertebrates and individually indistinguishable macroalgae by SCUBA divers. Surveys are conducted at sites distributed throughout the study region (Carmel Bay and southern Monterey Bay). Each sample site is divided into three "zones" (by depth - 20m, 12.5m, 5m - or from offshore to inshore at sites with little depth variation) to assure that samples are distributed across the face of a reef from inshore to offshore. Where possible, taxa (or taxonomic categories) are enumerated on six transects stratified across the three depth strata (two per stratum) per site (typically a 100m length of coastline, extending from onshore to the 20m isobath). Each "transect" is a 2m x 30m swath haphazardly located within one of the three depth strata.&nbsp; Transects within a stratum are separated end-to-end by approximately 5m. Sampling of each transect is conducted by three divers simultaneously. One diver records the number of individual invertebrates and macroalgae within each of three 10m-long segments of the 60m2&nbsp;swath. A second diver records the organism and substratum type beneath each of 30 points uniformly distributed along the 30m length of the transect (i.e. 1.0m increments) and the vertical relief (highest to lowest height of the reef surface) within a 0.5m long by 1m wide area centered on each uniform point.&nbsp; A third diver records the number and size of sea urchins and abalone within each of the 10m long segments of the 60m2&nbsp;swath. &nbsp;Surveys are designed to measure year-to-year site-wide variability in species density or percent cover, from which community structure and interannual dynamics are derived.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Data recorded on underwater paper by divers are entered into Excel spreadsheets by hand and double checked for accuracy.&nbsp; Each dataset is checked for valid entries and completeness.</p>
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Data Processing Notes:</strong></p>
<p>-Month and day combined with&nbsp;year&nbsp;to create date column.<br />
-All column names reformatted to comply with BCO-DMO standards<br />
-nd was entered into all blank cells<br />
-Commas were removed from the descriptions in notes column<br />
-lat/lon&nbsp;columns created based on information found in the site keys submitted with the data</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Deployment: Carr_1999
Carr_1999
Long Marine Lab UCSC
Long Marine Lab UCSC
laboratory
Carr_1999
Mark Carr
University of California-Santa Cruz
Long Marine Lab UCSC
Long Marine Lab UCSC
laboratory