| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Morel, Francois | Princeton University | Lead Principal Investigator |
| Dacey, John | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Principal Investigator |
| Young, Jodi N. | Princeton University | Contact |
| Copley, Nancy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
References:
Detailed description of methods are given in the published peer-reviewed papers listed below:
Goldman, J., Kranz, S., Young, J.N., Tortell, P.D., Bender, M., Morel, F.M.M. (2015) Gross and net production during the spring bloom along the Western Antarctic Peninsula New Phytologist 205 (1): 182-191. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13125.
Kranz, S., Young, J.N., Goldman, J., Tortell, P.D., Bender, M., Morel, F.M.M. (2015) Low temperature reduces the energetic requirement for the CO2 concentrating mechanism in diatoms. New Phytologist 205 (1): 192-201. DOI: 10.1111/nph.12976
Tortell, P.D., Asher, E.C., Dacey, J.W.H. Kranz, S., Young, J.N., Goldman, J. Ducklow, H., Grzymski, J. Stanley, R., Morel, F.M.M. (2014) Metabolic balance of coastal Antarctic waters revealed by autonomous high frequency pCO2 and dO2 /Ar measurements Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2014GL061266
Young, J.N., Goldman, J., Kranz, S., Tortell, P.D., Morel, F.M.M. (2015) Slow carboxylation of Rubisco constrains the rate of carbon fixation during Antarctic phytoplankton blooms. New Phytologist 205 (1): 172-181. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13021
BCO-DMO Processing:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date, reference information
- column names reformatted to comply with BCO-DMO standards
- added lat and lon for mapping purposes
- replaced n.d. with nd (no data) and blank cells with ND
- reformatted date from Month d, yyyy to yyyy-mm-dd
| File |
|---|
phyto_physiology.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 8.51 KB) MD5:fb32d91b74751498d42084a15f191f4e Primary data file for dataset ID 662036 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| date_plot | sampling date (UTC), formatted to allow sequential plotting of time variable | year-month-day |
| temp | As measured by CTD at 10 m depth | degrees celsius |
| sal | Salinity | parts per thousand |
| pCO2 | CO2 partial pressure. Calculated from TA; pH; temperature salinity; phosphate and silicate using CO2Sys | ppm |
| CO2_aq | CO2 aqueous. Calculated from TA; pH; temperature; salinity; phosphate and silicate using CO2Sys | micromole/kilogram |
| TA_meas | Total alkalinity. Measured in 0.2micron filtered and poisoned seawater by potentiometric titration with average precision of +/- 7 micromole/kg | micromole/kilogram |
| TA_sd | Total alkalinity standard deviation | micromole/kilogram |
| DIC_cal | Dissolved Inorganic Carbon. Calculated from TA; pH; temperature; salinity; phosphate and silicate using CO2Sys | micromole/kilogram |
| pH | calibrated potentiometrey (until mid-Dec) and spectrophotometrically (rest) and adjusted for temperature | total scale |
| NO3_NO2_diss_avg | Dissolved nitrate and nitrite | micromolar |
| NO3_NO2_diss_stdev | Dissolved nitrate and nitrite standard deviation | micromolar |
| SiO4_diss_avg | Dissolved silicate | micromolar |
| SiO4_diss_stdev | Dissolved silicate standard deviation | micromolar |
| PO4_diss_avg | Dissolved phosphate | micromolar |
| PO4_diss_stdev | Dissolved phosphate standard deviation | micromolar |
| Chl_a_avg | Chlorophyll a concentrations; as measured with turner fluorometer | micrograms/liter |
| Chl_a_stdev | Chlorophyll a standard deviation | micrograms/liter |
| NPP_14C_avg | Net Primary Production as measured by 14C bottle incubations (24 h) | C (micromoles)/liter/day |
| NPP_14C_stdev | NPP 14C standard deviation | C (micromoles)/liter/day |
| GPP_14C_avg | Gross Primary Production as measured by 14C bottle incubations (2 h) | C (micromoles)/liter/day |
| GPP_14C_stdev | GPP 14C standard deviation | C (micromoles)/liter/day |
| GPP_18O_avg | Gross Primary Production as measured by production of 18O2 from H218O water (~6h) | O2 micromoles/liter/day |
| GPP_18O_stdev | GPP 18O standard deviation | O2 micromoles/liter/day |
| NPP_O2_Ar_avg | Net Primary Production as measured by change in O2 with respect to Argon in bottle incubations (~6h) | O2 micromoles/liter/day |
| NPP_O2_Ar_stdev | NPP O2/Ar standard deviation | O2 micromoles/liter/day |
| POC | Particulate Organic Carbon as measured on Elemental Combustion Analyzer | micromoles/liter |
| PON | Particulate Nitrogen as measured on Elemental Combustion Analyzer | micromoles/liter |
| C_N | Carbon to nitrogen ratio of particulate matter; calcuated from POC and PON | mol:mol |
| POC_d13C | Isotopic ratio of 13C to 12C in POC normalised to PDB standard | per mil |
| Protein | Total protein from particulate matter as measured by BCA Assay | microgram/liter |
| Rubisco | Percent of the carboxylating enzyme Ribulose 1;5 bisphosphate carboxylase oxygenase (Rubisco) as measured by quantitative immunoblotting | % total protein (mg:mg) |
| Fuco | pigment concentration of fucoxanthin; as measured by HPLC | micrograms/liter |
| HexFuc19 | pigment concentration of 19'Hexanoyloxyfucoxanthin; as measured by HPLC | micrograms/liter |
| Allox | pigment concentration of alloxanthin; as measured by HPLC | micrograms/liter |
| diatom | Calculated from pigments using equation 0.9*(Fuco-0.05*19'HexFuc) | cells/milliliter |
| Phaeo | Calculated from pigments using equation 1.25*19'HexFuc | cells/milliliter |
| Cryptophyte | Calculated from pigments using equation 0.7*Allox | cells/milliliter |
| eCA | Activity of external carbonic anhydrase (eCA) using the depletion of 18O of aqueous 13C18O2 caused by hydration and dehydration steps of CO2 and bicarbonate. Shown as the ratio of catalyzed CO2/bicarbonate conversion rate compared to the uncatalyzed rate and normalised to chlorophyll. Units are Fold Activity compared to uncatalyzed rate; normalised to chlorophyll concentrations. | milligrams Chl-a/liter (mg/L) |
| fHCO3_avg | Proportion of bicarbonate of the total inorganic carbon taken up by the cells to support photosynthesis. Measured using the disquilibrium technique | dimensionless |
| fHCO3_stdev | fHCO3 standard deviation | dimensionless |
| K1_2_CO2_avg | Michaelis-Menten half-saturation constant for the CO2 concentration that results in half maximum rate of carbon fixation rate of the natural phytoplankton community concentrated onto a 2micron filter | micromolar |
| K1_2_CO2_stdev | K1/2(CO2) standard deviation | micromolar |
| lat | latitude; north is positive | decimal degrees |
| lon | longitude; east is positive | decimal degrees |
| year | sampling year | year |
| julian_day | day of year | days |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | unfiltered seawater pump |
| Generic Instrument Name | Pump |
| Dataset-specific Description | Used to obtain seawater samples |
| Generic Instrument Description | A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird SBE SEACAT 19plus |
| Dataset-specific Description | Depth profiles of temperature and salinity measurements |
| Generic Instrument Description | Self contained self powered CTD profiler. Measures conductivity, temperature and pressure in both profiling (samples at 4 scans/sec) and moored (sample rates of once every 5 seconds to once every 9 hours) mode. Available in plastic or titanium housing with depth ranges of 600m and 7000m respectively. Minature submersible pump provides water to conductivity cell. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | |
| Generic Instrument Name | Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | To measure dissolved gases |
| Generic Instrument Description | Membrane-introduction mass spectrometry (MIMS) is a method of introducing analytes into the mass spectrometer's vacuum chamber via a semipermeable membrane. |
| Website | |
| Platform | Palmer LTER |
| Start Date | 2012-10-24 |
| End Date | 2013-03-27 |
Description from NSF award abstract:
The Southern Ocean plays a key role in marine biogeochemistry and global climate. Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), winter air temperatures have increased by more than 5 ºC over the past five decades, and sea ice duration and extent have decreased substantially, leading to dramatic ecological perturbations. The sensitivity of primary production and climate-active gas cycling to on-going changes in the physical and chemical environment of the WAP is the key to understanding potential biogeochemical climate feedbacks in this region. The objective of this project is to characterize and understand the seasonal dynamics of primary production and climate-active gases carbon dioxide (CO2) and dimethylsulfide (DMS) in the WAP. The project will examine (1) the relationships among seasonal changes in pCO2, temperature and light with respect to gross primary production, net primary production, and net community production; (2) the extent to which changes in surface water pCO2 and temperature drive ecological shifts in the dominant phytoplankton species assemblage composition, and alter key processes in the DMS cycle. The research will employ membrane inlet mass spectrometry to monitor dissolved gases in ambient seawater at the Palmer Station LTER site and conduct physiological/biochemical assays with tracer compounds. The research will provide unprecedented information on the temporal evolution of primary production and dissolved gas concentrations in the WAP in relation to surface hydrography and sea ice cover. Field studies will be supported by laboratory experiments with model species subjected to detailed studies of carbon metabolism. This project will contribute significantly to the understanding of seasonal biogeochemical dynamics in a region that is particularly sensitive to ongoing climate perturbations and important for the global air-sea exchange of CO2.
Related publications:
Young, J.N., Goldman, J., Kranz, S., Tortell, P.D., Morel, F.M.M. (2015) Slow carboxylation of Rubisco constrains the rate of carbon fixation during Antarctic phytoplankton blooms. New Phytologist 205 (1): 172-181. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13021
Goldman, J., Kranz, S., Young, J.N., Tortell, P.D., Bender, M., Morel, F.M.M. (2015) Gross and net production during the spring bloom along the Western Antarctic Peninsula New Phytologist 205 (1): 182-191. DOI: 10.1111/nph.13125
Kranz, S., Young, J.N., Goldman, J., Tortell, P.D., Bender, M., Morel, F.M.M. (2015) Low temperature reduces the energetic requirement for the CO2 concentrating mechanism in diatoms. New Phytologist 205 (1): 192-201. DOI: 10.1111/nph.12976
Tortell, P.D., Asher, E.C., Dacey, J.W.H. Kranz, S., Young, J.N., Goldman, J. Ducklow, H., Grzymski, J. Stanley, R., Morel, F.M.M. (2014) Metabolic balance of coastal Antarctic waters revealed by autonomous high frequency pCO2 and dO2 /Ar measurements Geophysical Research Letters DOI: 10.1002/2014GL061266
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) |