19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T93e,

Surface sampling:

For the YSI, this was done off the side of the boat, at 1m depth. For the Aqufluor, this was done by swimming out from the boat, ~10m away from the vessel to avoid contamination from paint chips, gasoline, etc.

Other Sampling:

Bottom depth at all sampling locations was 10m.

YSI Measurements: Place YSI sensor into the water, and lower to 1m depth. Wait for readings to stabilize, and then record all parameters.

AquaFluor measurement procedure:

1. Test solid secondary standard and turbidity standard to ensure the instrument has not drifted throughout the day. Use this same procedure. Compare to the measurement from the beginning of the calibration.
2. Turbidity and In vivo Chl a will either be collected independently and taken as a subsample of the for chl a samples
3. In either case a 500 mL Nalgene bottle will be used, and should be collected in the same matter as the chl a sample (see 1.1)
4. Take as many independent chlorophyll and turbidity samples as you can but you will only take one sub-set sample from the extracted chlorophyll nalgenes.
5. When conducting the independent sampling, you will reuse one 500 ml brown nalgene. Wash with sterile seawater in-between samples.
6. Fill the cuvette 3/4 of the way using a transfer pipette. If you get the outside of the cuvette wet, dry completely with a kimwipe.
7. For the sub-samples of extracted chlorophyll, use the same 30cc syringe as used for nutrients.
8. Insure cleanliness of the cuvette, which are dry on the outside
9. Insert the sample (be aware of orientation), the black sample compartment does not need to be closed when reading the sample
10. Press the <Read> button. The instrument will measure and average the fluorescence signal for 10 seconds
11. The reading result will display on the top line of the Home screen, log this result
12. The top left corner will then display “WAIT” for 3 seconds. Once “WAIT” disappears, another sample can be read
13. We are going to reuse cuvettes. After you complete one sample clean the cuvette with sterile seawater and dry completely with a kimwipe. Additionally, clean the transfer syringe used for the sample with sterile seawater and dry with a kimwipe.

1b:T91d,Extracted from the NSF award abstract: As anthropogenic climate change intensifies, coral reefs face growing threats from associated decreases in ocean pH and increases in ocean temperature. While such stressors increase steadily through time, coral reefs also experience natural climate extremes, such as El Niño events, that rapidly reshape reef structure and function over a period of months. The El Niño event forecast for 2014/2015 presents the opportunity to study how such events affect coral reef ecosystems. This research will identify which species are most resilient to high temperature stress, and determine whether the presence of specific types of algal endosymbionts in the corals is predictive of the capacity of their coral hosts to survive temperature stress. By studying the reefs at remote sites with documented gradients in human use and pollution, the investigators will be able to tease apart the influence of El-Nino induced temperature changes from local impacts on the reef. This information will ultimately help to identify which components of the coral reef ecosystem are most vulnerable and provide a prognosis for the survival of different types of corals and endosymbionts in a warming world. This project focuses on reefs at Christmas Island (2N, 157W) - a site that is predicted to be heavily affected by warming during El Niño. In September 2014, roughly 3 months prior to peak El Niño warming, the investigators will install an array of ocean monitoring equipment around Christmas Island. During that field trip, they will also conduct extensive ecological surveys of the reef, collect coral, water and sediment samples for the analysis of Symbiodinium communities that will be analyzed at the University of Hawaii using high throughput sequencing approaches, and characterize ocean geochemistry at both windward and leeward sites on Christmas Island. These activities will be repeated in subsequent trips during peak El Niño conditions, and post El Niño conditions, to allow the investigators to monitor the acute responses of the environment and ecosystem and their near-term recovery, respectively. During the last trip, they will drill several coral colonies to assess how the corals record such a large thermal stress in terms of skeletal morphological and skeletal geochemistry changes.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"665190","description":"

This dataset contains water quality measurements collected on Kiritimati island, Kiribati in 2014 and 2015. Measured parameters include water temperature, salinity, pH, chlorophyll, turbidity, and dissolved oxygen. Values of yes or no are also supplied to describe whether it was raining or windy at the time the samples were taken.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

Data are directly from field readings.

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:

* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
\n* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
\n* values of NA changed to nd for no data
\n* removed Kiritimati,Kiribati for location/country in the data since it was same throughout. Described in the metadata.
\n* removed second depth value (bottom depth) which was 10m for all samples. Included this information in the acquisition description.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Surface water quality samples from Kiritimati, Kiribati collected in 2014 and 2015 (RAPID Kiritimati project)","nickname":"Kiritimati 2014-2015: Surface water","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"","version_date":"2016-11-18T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"","citation":"Gates, R. D., Baum, J. (2016) Surface water quality samples from Kiritimati, Kiribati collected in 2014 and 2015 (RAPID Kiritimati project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Version Date 2016-11-18 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/665190 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/665190","versionDate":"2016-11-18","versionId":"","year":"2016","title":"Surface water quality samples from Kiritimati, Kiribati collected in 2014 and 2015 (RAPID Kiritimati project)","authors":"Gates, R. D., Baum, J.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":null,"end":null},"temporal":{"resolution":"","type":"","start":{"value":"","label":""},"end":{"value":"","label":""}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":1.9274999999996,"longitude":-157.41849999997},"wkt":" POLYGON((-157.564 1.803, -157.273 1.803, -157.273 2.052, -157.564 2.052, -157.564 1.803))","north":2.052,"east":-157.273,"south":1.803,"west":-157.564},"dataset_type":["Other Field Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"901296","title":"SurfaceWater.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/665190/file/3YY3g1Qcp6rN7R/SurfaceWater.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/665190/data/view/901296","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 665190","filename":"SurfaceWater.csv","bytesize":13346,"checksum":{"value":"90b830497cb0fed240d16e4103d4aa8f","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"625916","name":"Ruth D Gates"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"625996","name":"Hawaii Institute of Marine Biology"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"665224","name":"Julia Baum"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"149","name":"University of Victoria"}},{"role":{"_id":"133","name":"Contact"},"performedBy":{"_id":"665226","name":"Danielle Claar"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"149","name":"University of Victoria"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"643627","name":"Amber D. York"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"665194","name":"RAPID_2014-2015_Gates","synonyms":["KI2014"],"dates":{"start":"2014-08-21T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2015-05-09T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"658675","name":"Kiritimati"},"chiefScientists":[]}],"funding":[{"_id":"625908","name":"OCE-1446274","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1446274"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"665852","name":"AquaFluor Handheld Fluorometer","description":"Aquafluor - AquaFluor Handheld Fluorometer (Turner Designs P/N: 998-0851)","type_id":"484","type_name":"Fluorometer","type_desc":"A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.","type_acronym":"Fluorometer"},{"_id":"665851","name":"YSI - Professional Plus (Pro Plus) Multiparameter Instrument","description":"YSI #SKU6050000","type_id":"666","type_name":"YSI Professional Plus Multi-Parameter Probe","type_desc":"The YSI Professional Plus handheld multiparameter meter provides for the measurement of a variety of combinations for dissolved oxygen, conductivity, specific conductance, salinity, resistivity, total dissolved solids (TDS), pH, ORP, pH/ORP combination, ammonium (ammonia), nitrate, chloride and temperature. More information from the manufacturer.","type_acronym":"YSI ProPlus"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"665873","name":"sample_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sample identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"665874","name":"lat","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude of sample; north is positive

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"665875","name":"lon","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude of sample; west is negative

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"665876","name":"field_season","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Kiritimati field season (2014; 2015b) during which the sample was taken

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"665877","name":"site_id","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Kiritimati site identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1124","name":"site","description":"

Sampling site identification.

"}},{"_id":"665878","name":"date","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date the sample was collected YYYY-MM-DD in Kiritimati Time UTC+14:00

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"665879","name":"time","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Time the sample was collected (24 hour) Kiritimati Time UTC+14:00 in format HH:MM

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1075","name":"time","description":"

Time GMT defined as HHMM; time of day; generally reported in GMT as HHMM (hours and minutes) but may also be HH.H (decimal hours) or HHMMSS (hours; minutes and seconds); in EqPac time is reported as Hawaii local time

"}},{"_id":"665880","name":"water_temp","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Seawater temperature

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"665881","name":"salinity","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Salinity

","units":{"_id":"","name":"parts per thousand (ppt)"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

"}},{"_id":"665882","name":"pH","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

","units":{"_id":"","name":"pH scale"},"type":{"_id":"1892","name":"pH","description":"

pH: The measure of the acidity or basicity of an aqueous solution

"}},{"_id":"665883","name":"sample_depth","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Depth of sample

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters"},"type":{"_id":"818","name":"depth_w","description":"

water depth, in meters

"}},{"_id":"665884","name":"chlorophyll","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Chlorophyll a (source: Aquafluor instrument)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms per liter (ug/L)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

CAUTION Within JGOFS MERGED water column products: this parameter is derived from HPLC methodology and the units are nanograms/liter; however; this parameter name is also used for a variety of water and nonwater column sampling; derived via the fluorometric method; units will also vary.

"}},{"_id":"665885","name":"turbidity","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Turbidity (source: Aquafluor instrument)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"Nephelometric Turbidity Unit (NTU)"},"type":{"_id":"1728","name":"turbidity","description":"

Turbidity is the cloudiness or haziness of a fluid caused by individual particles

"}},{"_id":"665886","name":"rain","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Raining during sample acquisition (Yes/No)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"2006","name":"weather","description":"

Text description of weather conditions

"}},{"_id":"665887","name":"wind","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Windy during sample acquisition (Yes/No)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"2006","name":"weather","description":"

Text description of weather conditions

"}},{"_id":"665888","name":"O2_percent","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Dissolved oxygen in seawater

","units":{"_id":"","name":"percent (%)"},"type":{"_id":"910","name":"dissolved Oxygen","description":"

dissolved oxygen concentration

"}},{"_id":"665889","name":"O2_mg_L","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Dissolved oxygen in seawater

","units":{"_id":"","name":"miligrams per liter (mg/L)"},"type":{"_id":"1906","name":"Dissolved_Oxygen","description":"

ml/L of dissolved oxygen is the equivalent of parts per thousand, which is the same as the percentage. But the volume and mass of gasses are not the same, so ml/L is not the exact same as mg/L. 1 PPT = % = 1.33 mg/L

"}},{"_id":"665890","name":"notes","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Notes regarding each sample

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"778","name":"comment","description":"

free text comments, may only have meaning to submitting PI

"}}],"related_publications":[],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/665190/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/665190/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/665190/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/665190/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"625909","name":"RAPID: Tracking coral reef impacts of the 2014/2015 El Nino event","acronym":"RAPID Kiritimati","description":"$1b"}],"archives":[],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":161},"downloads":{"count":376}}}}]