1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T6d7,

Aerosol samples were collected between Nov 7, 2011 and Dec 9, 2011 during the R/V Knorr KN204-01 North Atlantic GEOTRACES expedition. Aerosol samples were obtained with a Tisch TE-5170V-BL high volume aerosol sampler, modified to collect 12 replicate samples on acid-washed (Wallace et al, 1977; Baker et al., 2006) 47mm diameter Whatman-41 (W-41) filters, using procedures of the US GEOTRACES aerosol program (Morton et al., 2013). In order to minimize the filter blanks for our experiment, the W-41 filters were pre-cleaned before deployment using three cycles of leaching with 0.5M HCl (Optima) then rinsing with ultra-high purity water (UHP water) according to trace element protocols in a HEPA-filtered laminar flow hood (Morton et al., 2013; similar to Baker et al., 2006).

For 7Be, three of the 47mm aerosol samples were stacked in a plastic Petri dish and counted by gamma spectroscopy. Be-7 has a readily identifiable gamma peak at 478 keV. The counting system was calibrated for all samples by preparing a commercial standard in geometry identical to the samples.

Related references:
Baker, A.R., French, M., and K.L. Linge (2006), Trends in aerosol nutrient solubility along a west-east transect of the Saharan dust plume. Geophysical Research Letters, 33, L07805, doi:10.1029/2005GL024764.

Morton, P.L., Landing, W.M., Milne, A., et al. INTERCAL: Results from the 2008 GEOTRACES aerosol intercalibration study. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods 11, 2013, 62–78.

Wallace G.T., J.R. Fletcher and R.A. Duce (1977) Filter washing, a simple means of reducing blank values and variability in trace metal environmental samples. Journal Environmental Science and Health, AI2, 493-506.

1d:Taf4,

For data processing, please refer to:
Kadko, D. and D. Olson (1996) Be-7 as a tracer of surface water subduction and mixed layer history. Deep Sea Res. 43, 89-116.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- added cruise_part;
- added ISO_DateTime columns using the original dates/times provided;
- joined additional columns from master file (see below).

Additional GEOTRACES Processing: After the data were submitted to the International Data Management Office, BODC, the office noticed that important identifying information was missing in many datasets. With the agreement of BODC and the US GEOTRACES lead PIs, BCO-DMO added standard US GEOTRACES information, such as the US GEOTRACES event number, to each submitted dataset lacking this information. To accomplish this, BCO-DMO compiled a 'master' dataset composed of the following parameters: station_GEOTRC, cast_GEOTRC (bottle and pump data only), event_GEOTRC, sample_GEOTRC, sample_bottle_GEOTRC (bottle data only), bottle_GEOTRC (bottle data only), depth_GEOTRC_CTD (bottle data only), depth_GEOTRC_CTD_rounded (bottle data only), BTL_ISO_DateTime_UTC (bottle data only), and GeoFish_id (GeoFish data only). This added information will facilitate subsequent analysis and inter comparison of the datasets.

Bottle parameters in the master file were taken from the GT-C_Bottle_GT10, GT-C_Bottle_GT11, ODF_Bottle_GT10, and ODF_Bottle_GT11 datasets. Non-bottle parameters, including those from GeoFish tows, Aerosol sampling, and McLane Pumps, were taken from the Event_Log_GT10 and Event_Log_GT11 datasets. McLane pump cast numbers missing in event logs were taken from the Particulate Th-234 dataset submitted by Ken Buesseler.

A standardized BCO-DMO method (called "join") was then used to merge the missing parameters to each US GEOTRACES dataset, most often by matching on sample_GEOTRC or on some unique combination of other parameters.

If the master parameters were included in the original data file and the values did not differ from the master file, the original data columns were retained and the name of the parameters were changed from the PI-submitted names to the standardized master names. If there were differences between the PI-supplied parameter values and those in the master file, both columns were retained. If the original data submission included all of the master parameters, no additional columns were added, but parameter names were modified to match the naming conventions of the master file.

See the dataset parameters documentation for a description of which parameters were supplied by the PI and which were added via the join method.

1e:T12bf,Much of this text appeared in an article published in OCB News, October 2008, by the OCB Project Office. The first U.S. GEOTRACES Atlantic Section will be specifically centered around a sampling cruise to be carried out in the North Atlantic in 2010. Ed Boyle (MIT) and Bill Jenkins (WHOI) organized a three-day planning workshop that was held September 22-24, 2008 at the Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The main goal of the workshop, sponsored by the National Science Foundation and the U.S. GEOTRACES Scientific Steering Committee, was to design the implementation plan for the first U.S. GEOTRACES Atlantic Section. The primary cruise design motivation was to improve knowledge of the sources, sinks and internal cycling of Trace Elements and their Isotopes (TEIs) by studying their distributions along a section in the North Atlantic (Figure 1). The North Atlantic has the full suite of processes that affect TEIs, including strong meridional advection, boundary scavenging and source effects, aeolian deposition, and the salty Mediterranean Outflow. The North Atlantic is particularly important as it lies at the "origin" of the global Meridional Overturning Circulation. It is well understood that many trace metals play important roles in biogeochemical processes and the carbon cycle, yet very little is known about their large-scale distributions and the regional scale processes that affect them. Recent advances in sampling and analytical techniques, along with advances in our understanding of their roles in enzymatic and catalytic processes in the open ocean provide a natural opportunity to make substantial advances in our understanding of these important elements. Moreover, we are motivated by the prospect of global change and the need to understand the present and future workings of the ocean's biogeochemistry. The GEOTRACES strategy is to measure a broad suite of TEIs to constrain the critical biogeochemical processes that influence their distributions. In addition to these "exotic" substances, more traditional properties, including macronutrients (at micromolar and nanomolar levels), CTD, bio-optical parameters, and carbon system characteristics will be measured. The cruise starts at Line W, a repeat hydrographic section southeast of Cape Cod, extends to Bermuda and subsequently through the North Atlantic oligotrophic subtropical gyre, then transects into the African coast in the northern limb of the coastal upwelling region. From there, the cruise goes northward into the Mediterranean outflow. The station locations shown on the map are for the "fulldepth TEI" stations, and constitute approximately half of the stations to be ultimately occupied. Figure 1. The proposed 2010 Atlantic GEOTRACES cruise track plotted on dissolved oxygen at 400 m depth. Data from the World Ocean Atlas (Levitus et al., 2005) were plotted using Ocean Data View (courtesy Reiner Schlitzer). [click on the image to view a larger version] Hydrography, CTD and nutrient measurements will be supported by the Ocean Data Facility (J. Swift) at Scripps Institution of Oceanography and funded through NSF Facilities. They will be providing an additional CTD rosette system along with nephelometer and LADCP. A trace metal clean Go-Flo Rosette and winch will be provided by the group at Old Dominion University (G. Cutter) along with a towed underway pumping system. The North Atlantic Transect cruise began in 2010 with KN199 leg 4 (station sampling) and leg 5 (underway sampling only) (Figure 2). KN199-04 Cruise Report (PDF) Figure 2. The red line shows the cruise track for the first leg of the US Geotraces North Atlantic Transect on the R/V Knorr in October 2010. The rest of the stations (beginning with 13) will be completed in October-December 2011 on the R/V Knorr (courtesy of Bill Jenkins, Chief Scientist, GNAT first leg). [click on the image to view a larger version] The section completion effort resumed again in November 2011 with KN204-01A,B (Figure 3). KN204-01A,B Cruise Report (PDF) Figure 3. Station locations occupied on the US Geotraces North Atlantic Transect on the R/V Knorr in November 2011. [click on the image to view a larger version] Data from the North Atlantic Transect cruises are available under the Datasets heading below, and consensus values for the SAFe and North Atlantic GEOTRACES Reference Seawater Samples are available from the GEOTRACES Program Office: Standards and Reference Materials ADCP data are available from the Currents ADCP group at the University of Hawaii at the links below: KN199-04 (leg 1 of 2010 cruise; Lisbon to Cape Verde) KN199-05 (leg 2 of 2010 cruise; Cape Verde to Charleston, NC) KN204-01A (part 1 of 2011 cruise; Woods Hole, MA to Bermuda) KN204-01B (part 2 of 2011 cruise; Bermuda to Cape Verde)6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"671109","description":"

Beryllium-7 in aerosol samples collected on the US GEOTRACES North Atlantic Transect (NAT) cruise, KN204-01.

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Official cruise identifier e.g. KN199-04 = R/V Knorr cruise number 199-04.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1102","name":"cruise_id","description":"

cruise designation; name

"}},{"_id":"671119","name":"sample_GEOTRC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES samples; ranges from 5033 to 6078 for KN199-04 and from 6112 to 8148 for KN204-01.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"671120","name":"station_GEOTRC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

GEOTRACES station number; ranges from 1 through 12 for KN199-04 and 1 through 24 for KN204-01. Stations 7 and 9 were skipped on KN204-01. Some GeoFish stations are denoted as X_to_Y indicating the tow occurred between stations X and Y. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1103","name":"sta","description":"

station number; generally sequential; a unique number designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

This term has been deprecated and replaced by station.

"}},{"_id":"671121","name":"event_GEOTRC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Unique identifying number for US GEOTRACES sampling events; ranges from 2001 to 2225 for KN199-04 events and from 3001 to 3282 for KN204-01 events. Values were added from the intermediate US GEOTRACES master file (see Processing Description).

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"829","name":"event","description":"

Event or operation identifier; event or operation number; often derived from date/time (MMDDHHmm) of sampling and when combined with year (YYYY) is a unique sampling identifier/data processing key. Date/time is not necessarily in GMT.

"}},{"_id":"671122","name":"cruise_part","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Part of cruise. For KN204-01: A = 11/6/2011 to 11/18/2011 (Woods Hole to Bermuda); B = 11/19/2011 to 12/11/2011 (Bermuda to Praia, Cabo Verde)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1954","name":"cruise_part","description":"

Identifier for a segment of a leg of a cruise, where a leg may have been broken into parts.

"}},{"_id":"671123","name":"julian_day","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Julian day at start of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"866","name":"julian_day","description":"

Julian day as a decimal. Julian date which is the time elapsed in days from 00:00 on January 1st 4713 BC. Julian Date (chronological).

For reference: Julian day 2440000 begins at 0000 hours, May 23, 1968.

Please note, Seabird processing software includes a \"julianday\" which is day of year. That is categorized as a separate term \"yrday\" at BCO-DMO.
\nSeabird permalink: https://blog.seabird.com/ufaqs/in-sea-bird-software-is-noon-on-january-1-julian-day-0-5-or-julian-day-1-5/

"}},{"_id":"671124","name":"day_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

2-digit day of month at start of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"801","name":"day_start","description":"

day at beginning of measurement period, use in conjuction with day_end and only when the duration of sampling is a critical element to the measurement.

"}},{"_id":"671125","name":"month_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

2-digit month of year at start of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"892","name":"month_start","description":"

month at start of measurement period, use in conjunction with month_end and only when the duration of sampling is a critical element to the measurement.

"}},{"_id":"671126","name":"year_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

4-digit year at start of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1064","name":"year_start","description":"

starting year of sampling/operation, GMT

"}},{"_id":"671127","name":"time_start_utc","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Time (UTC) at start of sampling event. 24-hour clock; formatted as HHMM.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1009","name":"time_start","description":"

starting time of observation, GMT time, 24 hour clock

"}},{"_id":"671128","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date and time (UTC) formatted to ISO 8601 standard. Calculated from start date and time provided. Format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx][+/-TZ]

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"671129","name":"lat_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude at start of sampling event. North = Positive.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"870","name":"lat_start","description":"

latitude at start time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)

"}},{"_id":"671130","name":"lon_start","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude at start of sampling event. West = Negative.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"883","name":"lon_start","description":"

longitude at starting time of measurement (west is negative), in decimal degrees

"}},{"_id":"671131","name":"day_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

2-digit day of month at end of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"802","name":"day_end","description":"

day at ending of measurement period, see day_begin.

"}},{"_id":"671132","name":"month_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

2-digit month of year at end of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"893","name":"month_end","description":"

month at end of measurement period, see month_start.

"}},{"_id":"671133","name":"year_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

4-digit year at end of sampling event.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1063","name":"year_end","description":"

ending year of sampling/operation, GMT, used in conjunction with year_start

"}},{"_id":"671134","name":"time_end_utc","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Time (UTC) at end of sampling event. 24-hour clock; formatted as HHMM.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"671135","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date and time (UTC) formatted to ISO 8601 standard. Calculated from end date and time provided. Format: YYYY-MM-DDTHH:MM:SS[.xx][+/-TZ]

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"671136","name":"lat_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude at end of sampling event. North = Positive.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"869","name":"lat_end","description":"

latitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes South)

"}},{"_id":"671137","name":"lon_end","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude at end of sampling event. West = Negative.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"884","name":"lon_end","description":"

longitude at end time of measurement; in decimal degrees (negative denotes West)

"}},{"_id":"671138","name":"air_vol","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Air volume sampled

","units":{"_id":"","name":"cubic meter (m^3)"},"type":{"_id":"1871","name":"sample_volume","description":"

volume of the sample, i.e., sample size

"}},{"_id":"671139","name":"Be_7_AER_CONC_TISCH","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Be-7 in aerosols

","units":{"_id":"","name":"becquerels per cubic meter (bq/m3)"},"type":{"_id":"1951","name":"metal_conc_air","description":"

Concentration of metal elements in any phase of the atmosphere. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

"}},{"_id":"671140","name":"Be_7_AER_CONC_TISCH_ERR","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Error (+/-) associated with Be-7 measurement

","units":{"_id":"","name":"becquerels per cubic meter (bq/m3)"},"type":{"_id":"1951","name":"metal_conc_air","description":"

Concentration of metal elements in any phase of the atmosphere. Refer to dataset for element name and units.

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