<div><p><strong>MODIS:</strong></p>
<p>Dates of fast ice movement were determined from visible-wavelength scenes from the MODIS aboard the Aqua and Terra satellites. MODIS images are available only for the months when there is sunlight, generally October to April, and image resolution was 250 m. Figure A (see Supplemental Documents) shows the division of McMurdo Sound into six zones; fast ice areas were generated manually from clear-sky images by drawing polygons in GIS software, and pack ice was excluded from analysis. The fast ice in MODIS scenes was sometimes obscured by clouds, so for days with missing imagery we interpolated linearly between valid data. Areas of persistent multiyear ice or glaciers that were not considered in the analysis (white in the figure). Linear distance between McMurdo Station and the nearest open water on the day the ice reached the minimum extent for the season was also measured.</p>
<p><strong>SSMI:</strong></p>
<p>In the SSM/I record, images were available for all months of the year, and image resolution was 25 km. Figure B (see Supplemental Documents) shows the total of seven pixels in the 25 km polar stereographic projection that encompassed McMurdo Sound; for each pixel, daily or bi-daily fractional sea ice cover was extracted. SSM/I passive microwave sea ice observations do not distinguish between fast ice and pack ice. There are small amounts of land and ice shelf contamination in pixels 1, 2, 5 and 7.</p></div>
Dates of sea ice movement in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica from MODIS and SSMI imagery
<div><p>This dataset contains dates relevant to sea ice movement including dates of initial ice retreat, final ice retreat, ice minimum, general ice minimum, ice minimum for the west of McMurdo Sound, ice minimum for the east of McMurdo Sound, and refreeze start. It also includes the minimum distance to the ice edge from McMurdo Station. </p>
<p>Dates were derived from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) collected between 2003 and 2015 and Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Special Sensor Microwave Imager-family passive microwave sensors (SSM/I) imagery collected between 1978 and 2015.</p></div>
McMurdo Sound sea ice movement dates
<div><p>The value "notobs" indicates the phenomena was not observed for two possible reasons; either the phenomena did not occur that season or imagery was not available (e.g. MODIS visual imagery was only collected during daylit months). The value 'nd' indicates no data (e.g. SSM/I imagery was too coarse to distinguish east and west side minimums).</p>
<p><strong>SSM/I:</strong></p>
<p>Data were processed using the bootstrap algorithm (National Snow and Ice Data Center, Comiso, 2000, Cavalieri et al. 2015) for the 1978/79-2014/15 seasons.</p>
<p>Comiso, J (2000, updated 2015) Bootstrap Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS. Version 2, 1979-2015. Boulder, Colorado USA: NASA DAAC at the National Snow and Ice Data Center.</p>
<p>Cavalieri DJ, Parkinson CL, Gloersen P, and Zwally HJ (2015) Sea Ice Concentrations from Nimbus-7 SMMR and DMSP SSM/I-SSMIS Passive Microwave Data, Version 1.1 Southern Hemisphere, 1978-2015. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. (doi:10.5067/8GQ8LZQVL0VL) Accessed 11 Dec 2015.</p>
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:</strong><br />
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
* blank values indicating no observed phenomena replaced with no data value 'nd'<br />
* added approximate latitude and longitude of McMurdo Station</p>
<p>Data version 2 (2020-02-20)<br />
* Data from data version 1 (2017-01-31) updated. Column values for “edge_dist_min, ice_min_west_year, ice_min_west_month” switched with “refreeze_begin_year, refreeze_begin_month, refreeze_begin_day” values where image_source was SSMI.</p></div>
674819
McMurdo Sound sea ice movement dates
2017-01-13T15:02:47-05:00
2017-01-13T15:02:47-05:00
2023-07-07T16:10:26-04:00
urn:bcodmo:dataset:674819
Dates of sea ice movement and sea ice distance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica from MODIS and SSMI imagery between 1978-2015
This dataset contains dates relevant to sea ice movement including dates of initial ice retreat, final ice retreat, ice minimum, general ice minimum, ice minimum for the west of McMurdo Sound, ice minimum for the east of McMurdo Sound, and refreeze start. It also includes the minimum distance to the ice edge from McMurdo Station.
Dates were derived from Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometers (MODIS) collected between 2003 and 2015 and Scanning Multichannel Microwave Radiometer and Special Sensor Microwave Imager-family passive microwave sensors (SSM/I) imagery collected between 1978 and 2015.
false
Kim, S., Ainley, D., Ballard, G., Daly, K. (2020) Dates of sea ice movement and sea ice distance in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica from MODIS and SSMI imagery between 1978-2015. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2020-02-20 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.674819.2 [access date]
true
2
10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.674819.2
false
Fast ice
sea ice
climatology
McMurdo Sound
2020-02-20
Datapackage.json
Frictionless Data Package
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674819/datapackage.json
application/vnd.datapackage+json
PDF
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674819/Dataset_description.pdf
application/pdf
ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674819/iso
application/xml
http://www.isotc211.org/2005/gmd-noaa
Dublin Core
https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/674819/dublin-core
application/xml
http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/
674819
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/674819
1978-01-01 - 2015-01-01
1978-01-01
1978-01-01
---01
0
--01
1978
2015-01-01
2015-01-01
---01
0
--01
2015
OSPREY
http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84
<http://www.opengis.net/def/crs/OGC/1.3/CRS84> POLYGON((163 -78.5, 166 -78.5, 166 -78.5, 166 -76, 163 -76, 163 -78.5))
163
-78.5
166
-76
-77.250000000000
164.500000000000