| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Nicholson, David P. | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Principal Investigator |
| Khatiwala, Samar | University of Oxford (Oxford) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Stanley, Rachel | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Copley, Nancy | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
This dataset includes:
1) noble gas observations used in the ECCO noble gas model. They were collected globally at sea and were analyzed by mass spectrometry.
(2) model simulations decomposed to isolate bubble-mediated gas exchange.
Noble Gas Observations:
The observation data is provided in MATLAB format: noblegasDB.mat (download here) (size = 94 KB)
The variables are a MATLAB table ‘NGall’ and a list of original references ‘NGprojects’
The served data is provided in jgofs format with the columns slightly rearranged for database best practices.
Global Model Simulations:
The simulation file is provided in MATLAB format: ECCOv2_NobleGases.mat (download here) (size = 1 GB)
Noble gases and nitrogen were simulated in the Estimating the Circulation & Climate of the Ocean (ECCO) global ocean state estimate utilizing a matrix-free Newton–Krylov (MFNK) scheme to efficiently compute the periodic seasonal solutions for noble gas tracers.
Original simulations:
sim1 = diffusive gas exchange only
sim2 = diffusive gas exchange and bubble injection
sim3 = diffusive gas exchange and bubble exchange
DG = sim1
IG = sim2-sim1
EG = sim3-sim1
For each gas ‘G’ total gas concentration is calculated as Gsol(S,T) * (AG + BG + CG)
DG is results of the simulation with no bubbles, while IG and EG are the isolated contribution from bubble injection and bubble exchange, respectively.
| File |
|---|
noble_gas_obs.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 437.12 KB) MD5:85b65d7186f90acf86c3676c8e204347 Primary data file for dataset ID 675575 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| lon | longitude; east is positive | decimal degrees |
| lat | latitude; north is positive | decimal degrees |
| depth | sample depth | meters |
| daten | the date and time in matlab format; the number of days from January 0 0000 | days |
| proj | Indicates the original project that published the data: 1 '[Nicholson et al. 2010]' 2 '[Hamme 2003]' 3 '[Hamme and Emerson, 2013]' 4 '[Well and Roether 2003]' 5 '[Stanley et al. 2009]' 6 '[Hamme and Severinghaus 2007]' 7 '[Loose and Jenkins 2014]' | unitless |
| Hesat | Helium saturation level; 100*(G/Geq -1) | percent |
| Nesat | Neon saturation level; 100*(G/Geq -1) | percent |
| Arsat | Argon saturation level; 100*(G/Geq -1) | percent |
| Krsat | Krypton saturation level; 100*(G/Geq -1) | percent |
| Xesat | Xenon saturation level; 100*(G/Geq -1) | percent |
| N2Arsat | Neon to Argon saturation ratio: ([G1]/[G2])/([G1]eq/[G2]eq) | dimensionless |
| KrArsat | Krypton to Argon saturation ratio: ([G1]/[G2])/([G1]eq/[G2]eq) | dimensionless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | isotope ratio mass spectrometer (Finnigan MAT 251 or Delta XL at UW, MAT 253 at UVic) |
| Generic Instrument Name | Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | Used for Hamme & Emerson (2013) gas measurements |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Hiden Quadrupole Mass Spectrometer (QMS) |
| Generic Instrument Name | Mass Spectrometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | Used by Stanley et al (2009) to measure noble gasses. |
| Generic Instrument Description | General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. |
| Website | |
| Platform | WHOI |
| Start Date | 2011-09-01 |
| End Date | 2016-08-31 |
| Description | Modeling studies using data from published literature. |
Extracted from the NSF award abstract:
The noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon) are dissolved in the ocean at concentrations near equilibrium with the atmosphere, have known physical properties, and are abiotic which makes them excellent tracers of the physical processes that cycle gases in the ocean. In addition, each of the gases has unique properties making them sensitive to different physical processes. For this reason, scientists from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory will use inverse and forward modeling of noble gases to improve our knowledge of the physical processes that control the cycle of gases such as carbon dioxide, oxygen, and nitrogen in the ocean. Specifically, they would address the following three processes: (1) parameterize bubble mediated air-sea gas fluxes from breaking waves; (2) identify the background ocean accumulation of dissolved nitrogen gas from biologically mediated denitrification in the deep ocean; and (3) evaluate the strength of the solubility pump using three ocean models. To accomplish their goal, the researchers plan to compile all available noble gas observations prior to constraining gas cycling via simulations performed using three state-of-the-art ocean circulation estimates based on the Community Earth System Model, the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory Coupled Climate Model, and the Estimating the Circulation and Climate of the Ocean data assimilated model. From this modeling effort, the researchers will be able to interpret upper ocean oxygen measurements from autonomous sensors, constrain deep ocean denitrification, and evaluate the solubility pump which is needed to assess the anthropogenic uptake of carbon dioxide.
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |