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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/699160.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Particulate trace element concentrations from the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown CLIVAR A16N cruise in 2013.</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Resing, J., Landing, W. (2017) Particulate trace element concentrations from the NOAA R/V Ronald H. Brown CLIVAR A16N cruise in 2013. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2017-04-26 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.699160.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>A16N Particulate trace element concentrations Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Particulate trace element concentrations along CLIVAR A16N in 2013.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Note that related data from 2003 are available here:&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3702&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt;https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3702&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Seawater samples were collected from the surface ocean to depths of 750–1000 m, then sub-sampled for suspended particulate matter under trace-element-clean conditions (see Measures et al., 2008 for details). Briefly, suspended particulate matter samples were collected by pressurizing GO-FLO bottles with &amp;amp;lt;10 psi filtered, compressed air. Samples were filtered through acid-cleaned 0.4 um polycarbonate filters (Nuclepore) in polypropylene holders. Acid-cleaned backing filters of mixed cellulose esters were used to ensure even loading on sample filters.&amp;amp;nbsp; Samples were rinsed while on the filter holders with 15–20 mL deionized (DI) water adjusted to pH 8 with ammonium hydroxide from the edges to the center, with a low vacuum applied to avoid loss or re-distribution of particles. Filtration was started approximately 30 to 60 minutes after water samples were collected and was generally completed within 60 minutes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Particulate trace element concentrations were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) using a thin film technique described by Feely et al. (1991). An optical subsample of each filter was analyzed on a Thermo Fisher Quant’X equipped with a Rhodium Target X-Ray tube and an electronically cooled, lithium-drifted solid state detector. X-rays for primary sample excitation were filtered for optimum control of peak-to-background ratios. Standards for calibration consisted of commercial thin film standards (MicroMatter), geochemical reference sample material MAG-1 (Gladney and Roelandts, 1988) finely ground and loaded onto polycarbonate filters (Feely et al., 1991), and a series of standards prepared using a modification of the method reported by Holynska and Bisiniek (1976) using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) to quantitatively precipitate trace metals from a solution of known concentration. These standards were prepared using a 1% NaDDTC solution that was added to trace metal solutions at pH 4 with a ligand-to-metal ratio of 4:1. The resulting precipitate was filtered over an acid-cleaned, 0.4 um polycarbonate Nuclepore filter. Procedural blanks were made by addition of a NaDDTC solution to a sample of acidified DI water followed by filtration. MicroMatter and MAG-1 standards were used to create individual standard curves for all elements; standard curves for Fe and Mn also included NaDDTC standards.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Four different excitation conditions, all conducted under a vacuum atmosphere, were used for sample analysis and are detailed along with minimum determination limits (MDL) in Table 1. MDLs are defined as 3 times the square root of the background intensity measured from a standard of known concentration:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;MDL = ( 3 * √Ib)/(Ip/conc)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;where&amp;amp;nbsp;Ib&amp;amp;nbsp;is the background intensity,&amp;amp;nbsp;Ip&amp;amp;nbsp;is the peak intensity, and&amp;amp;nbsp;conc&amp;amp;nbsp;is the concentration of the standard. MicroMatter standards were used to calculate MDLs.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/651512.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1260376" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1260376 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1260376</gmx:Anchor>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/651517.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1260287" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1260287 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1260287</gmx:Anchor>
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699406.rdf
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	Units: decimal degrees
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Latitude; E is positive&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699407.rdf
	Name: LON
	Units: decimal degrees
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http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699408.rdf
	Name: CTDPRS
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	Description: &lt;p&gt;Pressure&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699409.rdf
	Name: Mg
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699410.rdf
	Name: Mg_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699411.rdf
	Name: Al
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699412.rdf
	Name: Al_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699413.rdf
	Name: Si
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699414.rdf
	Name: Si_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699415.rdf
	Name: P
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699416.rdf
	Name: P_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699417.rdf
	Name: S
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699418.rdf
	Name: S_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699419.rdf
	Name: Cl
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699420.rdf
	Name: Cl_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699421.rdf
	Name: Ca
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699422.rdf
	Name: Ca_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699423.rdf
	Name: Ti
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699424.rdf
	Name: Ti_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699425.rdf
	Name: Mn
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699426.rdf
	Name: Mn_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699427.rdf
	Name: Fe
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699428.rdf
	Name: Fe_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699429.rdf
	Name: Ni
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699430.rdf
	Name: Ni_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699431.rdf
	Name: Cu
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699432.rdf
	Name: Cu_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699433.rdf
	Name: Zn
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699434.rdf
	Name: Zn_LAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699435.rdf
	Name: Br
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699436.rdf
	Name: Br_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699437.rdf
	Name: Sr
	Units: nmol/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/699438.rdf
	Name: Sr_FLAG
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;Flag for particulate trace element concentration&lt;/p&gt; 
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Seawater samples were collected from the surface ocean to depths of 750–1000 m, then sub-sampled for suspended particulate matter under trace-element-clean conditions (see Measures et al., 2008 for details). Briefly, suspended particulate matter samples were collected by pressurizing GO-FLO bottles with &amp;amp;lt;10 psi filtered, compressed air. Samples were filtered through acid-cleaned 0.4 um polycarbonate filters (Nuclepore) in polypropylene holders. Acid-cleaned backing filters of mixed cellulose esters were used to ensure even loading on sample filters.&amp;amp;nbsp; Samples were rinsed while on the filter holders with 15–20 mL deionized (DI) water adjusted to pH 8 with ammonium hydroxide from the edges to the center, with a low vacuum applied to avoid loss or re-distribution of particles. Filtration was started approximately 30 to 60 minutes after water samples were collected and was generally completed within 60 minutes.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Particulate trace element concentrations were determined by energy-dispersive X-ray fluorescence (ED-XRF) using a thin film technique described by Feely et al. (1991). An optical subsample of each filter was analyzed on a Thermo Fisher Quant’X equipped with a Rhodium Target X-Ray tube and an electronically cooled, lithium-drifted solid state detector. X-rays for primary sample excitation were filtered for optimum control of peak-to-background ratios. Standards for calibration consisted of commercial thin film standards (MicroMatter), geochemical reference sample material MAG-1 (Gladney and Roelandts, 1988) finely ground and loaded onto polycarbonate filters (Feely et al., 1991), and a series of standards prepared using a modification of the method reported by Holynska and Bisiniek (1976) using sodium diethyldithiocarbamate (NaDDTC) to quantitatively precipitate trace metals from a solution of known concentration. These standards were prepared using a 1% NaDDTC solution that was added to trace metal solutions at pH 4 with a ligand-to-metal ratio of 4:1. The resulting precipitate was filtered over an acid-cleaned, 0.4 um polycarbonate Nuclepore filter. Procedural blanks were made by addition of a NaDDTC solution to a sample of acidified DI water followed by filtration. MicroMatter and MAG-1 standards were used to create individual standard curves for all elements; standard curves for Fe and Mn also included NaDDTC standards.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Four different excitation conditions, all conducted under a vacuum atmosphere, were used for sample analysis and are detailed along with minimum determination limits (MDL) in Table 1. MDLs are defined as 3 times the square root of the background intensity measured from a standard of known concentration:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;MDL = ( 3 * √Ib)/(Ip/conc)&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;amp;nbsp; &amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;where&amp;amp;nbsp;Ib&amp;amp;nbsp;is the background intensity,&amp;amp;nbsp;Ip&amp;amp;nbsp;is the peak intensity, and&amp;amp;nbsp;conc&amp;amp;nbsp;is the concentration of the standard. MicroMatter standards were used to calculate MDLs.&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;ED-XRF output is in ng cm-2&amp;amp;nbsp;and is reported here as seawater concentrations (nM) using the following formula for each trace element of interest.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Seawater concentration (nmol L-1) = filter concentration (ng cm-2) * filter sample area (cm2) / filtered seawater volume (L) / atomic weight (g/mol)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;The filter sample collection area is 12.41 cm2. The volume of seawater filtered per sample ranged from 1 to 11 L, average 9 L.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For values below the analytical detection limit, values are indicated as “BDL”&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Quality flags are indicated as:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;1 = sample drawn from bottom but measurement not received&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
2 = acceptable&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
3 = questionable&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
9 = no sample drawn&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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