Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Parameters
• Deployments
• Project Information
• Funding

Sea bird and marine mammal observations during Drake Passage transits and coastal zone operations during LMG14-10, LMG15-04, and LMG15-09.

Methodologies are those described in Force et al., 2015. 

Visual survey effort for seabirds, marine mammals and environmental conditions (e.g., sea state, sea ice conditions) was conducted continuously during daylight hours when the ship was in transit.  An observer worked inside the bridge (starboard side) of the R/V Laurence M. Gould and recorded all sightings onto a computer synced to the ships’ data acquisition system. Survey effort covered the Patagonia shelf, central Drake Passage (north and south of the Polar Front), coastal Bransfield Strait, Gerlache Strait, Neumeyer Channel, and northern waters around King George Island and Elephant Island.  Moreover, visual survey effort was conducted during all fishing and CTD operations coinciding with other projects during all three cruises.

BCO-DMO Data Processing Notes:

-reformatted column names to comply with BCO-DMO standards
-compiled each deployment into one table

PI supplied abstract:

A 50+ year warming trend in the Southern Ocean has been most dramatic in Drake Passage and likely impacts ecosystem structure here. Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) records from multiple NSF “L.M. Gould” supply transits of Drake Passage from 1999 to present demonstrate spatial and temporal variability in acoustics backscattering. Acoustics backscattering strength in the upper water column corresponds to zooplankton and nekton biomass that supports predator populations. However, for much of Drake Passage the identity of taxa contributing to this acoustically detected biomass is not known. This project would introduce a biological component to “L.M. Gould” transits of Drake Passage with the goal of determining the identity of taxa responsible for the backscattering records obtained by ADCP and relating these to higher trophic levels (seabird/marine mammal). Net sampling during spring and fall transits will permit assessment of diel and seasonal changes in the abundance and taxonomic composition of zooplankton and top predators represented between Patagonia and the Antarctic Peninsula. Net samples and depth-referenced video records taken in conjunction with ADCP profiles will permit the identification of the dominant acoustic backscatters in the 3 biogeographic regions represented here, the Subantarctic, Polar Frontal, and Antarctic Zones. The validity of dominant backscattering taxa in the Antarctic Zone will be tested by comparing the ADCP records with abundant zooplankton data collected off the Antarctic Peninsula during January-March 1999-2009 as well with long-term top predator surveys. The broader impacts also included cruise blogs to Moss Landing Marine Laboratories and Monterey Academy of Oceanographic Science (Monterey High School, Monterey CA) plus involvement with MAOS  faculty and students providing first-hand data and insight into marine research in a near real-time format.  The faculty used this opportunity to engage students in “real” science while focusing on implementing instruction using the Next Generation Science Standards.