http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/709415
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2017-07-21
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs
2017-07-10
publication
2017-07-10
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-08-02
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.709415.1
Anne L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Cohen, A. (2017) Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2017-07-10 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.709415.1 [access date]
Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs Dataset Description: <p>Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs.</p>
<p>These data were originally published in figure 3 of:<br />
H.C. Barkley, A.L. Cohen. Skeletal stress markers in <em>Porites </em>corals estimate coral reef community bleaching. Coral Reefs, 35, 1407-1417 (2016). doi:<a href="http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00338-016-1483-3" target="_blank">10.1007/s00338-016-1483-3</a></p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Coral skeletal core collection:&nbsp;We collected 101 skeletal cores from massive <em>Porites </em>coral colonies at ten reef sites representing two major reef environments, barrier reef and lagoon, the latter including fringing reefs around the uplifted karst Rock Islands. The two environments are broadly distinguishable in both physical (flow, temperature, and light regimes) and chemical (carbon system parameters, salinity) characteristics with generally higher flow, light, pH, and salinity and lower SST on the barrier reefs (Shamberger et al. 2014; Barkley et al. 2015).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Skeletal cores (20-40 cm in length) were collected in April 2011, September 2011, April 2012, August 2014, and January 2015 vertically from live coral colonies at 1-6 m depth using pneumatic drills with 3.8 cm diameter diamond drill bits. Core holes were filled with cement plugs hammered flush with the colony surface and sealed with underwater epoxy. Visual inspections of colonies 6-12 months after coring revealed significant overgrowth of plugs and no long-term impacts to the corals. Coral cores were oven-dried and scanned with a Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 3-D CT scans of coral cores were analyzed using OsiriX freeware to visualize the 3-D image (Cantin et al. 2010; Crook et al. 2013) and an automated MATLAB code to quantify skeletal growth parameters and stress banding (DeCarlo et al. 2015).&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Stress bands: </strong>Coral cores that included growth records prior to 1998 were assessed for the presence of high-density stress bands associated with elevated temperatures in 1998 (n = 86), and all cores were examined for stress bands in 2010. A stress band was defined as a region of the coral core &gt; 1 mm in height and extending the entire width of the core where density values exceeded two standard deviations of the whole-core density mean. We defined a minimum band thickness in order to filter out smaller-scale density variability and high-density noise. A value of 1 mm for this thickness threshold was selected based on the average linear extension rates of Palau <em>Porites </em>corals (0.88 cm yr<sup>-1</sup>, interquartile range = 0.35 cm yr<sup>-1</sup>), where 1 mm represents, on average, approximately 10% of overall annual linear extension. High-density anomalies of this width therefore represent significant perturbations in growth. Density thresholds were set based on standard deviations from mean values in order to account for significant differences in density means and variability between individuals. Density values were normally distributed within coral cores, and values greater than two standard deviations were defined as the threshold for a stress band. This threshold was selected to aid in the identification of only the most anomalously high-density areas (i.e., areas with densities greater than approximately 95% of all values) while also minimizing the probability of type II errors in coral cores where stress bands exist but high-density values are slightly less extreme. Stress bands were identified as occurring within a particular year (specifically, 1998 and 2010) based on annual patterns of density banding, in which successive low density bands were counted down from the top of the core and subsequently dated based on the known date of collection. Although a small number of coral skeletal cores had occasional high-density regions in additional years, we did not consistently detect stress bands corresponding to years other than 1998 and 2010.</p>
<p>The percentage of <em>Porites </em>corals with stress bands was compared with community bleaching data for each reef site collected during the 1998 and 2010 high-temperature events. Bleaching data from 1998 were collected at nine reef sites in November 1998 using a point-intercept technique with three replicate 20-m transect surveys per site conducted at 3-5 m depth (Bruno et al. 2001). A subset of six of these nine sites was used to compare bleaching data to stress band records based on proximity to our core collection sites. Data from 2010 were collected at 80 randomly assigned reef sites in July and August 2010 with three replicate 30-m transect surveys conducted at 2-5 m depth (van Woesik et al. 2012).&nbsp; A subset of 31 of these sites was included in this study. Because <em>in situ</em> bleaching data were collected at randomized locations, the spatial matches between sites with bleaching data and sites with coral cores were not always exact. Therefore, for each coral core collection site, we averaged bleaching data from the two or three sites that both fell within a 10-km radius of each core site and that represented the same environment type to calculate a community bleaching estimate. Bleaching information about specific coral colonies from which we collected cores was not available.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1031971 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1031971
completed
Anne L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2958
Geology & Geophysics 266 Woods Hole Rd MS #23
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
acohen@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
reef_type
site
latitude
longitude
coral_id
date_collected
date_range
stress_band_1998
stress_band_2010
Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner
theme
None, User defined
site description
site
latitude
longitude
sample identification
date
date_range
sample description
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
Palau_reefs_2011-13
service
Deployment Activity
Palauan archipelago
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/560428
Constraining Thermal Thresholds and Projections of Temperature Stress on Pacific Coral Reefs Over the 21st Century: Method Refinement and Application
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
Sea surface temperature (SST) across much of the global tropics has increased by 0.5-1 degrees C in the past 4 decades and, with it, the frequency and geographic extent of coral bleaching events and reef mortality. As levels of atmospheric CO2 continue to rise, there is mounting concern that CO2-induced climate change will pose the single greatest threat to the survival of coral reefs. Averaged output of 21 IPCC climate models for a mid-range CO2 emissions scenario predicts that tropical SSTs will increase another 1.5-3 degrees C by the end of this century. Combined with current estimates of thermal thresholds for coral bleaching, the outlook for the future of coral-reef ecosystems, worldwide, appears bleak. There are several key issues that limit accurate predictions of the full and lasting impact of rising SSTs. These include (1) level of confidence in the spatial and temporal patterns of the predicted warming, (2) knowledge of thermal thresholds of different reef-building coral species, and (3) the potential for corals to increase resistance to thermal stress through repeated exposure to high temperature events.</p>
<p>New skeletal markers have been developed that constrain the thermal thresholds and adaptive potential of multiple, individual coral colonies across 3-D space and through time. The method, based on 3-D CAT scan reconstructions of coral skeletons, has generated initial data from two coral species in the Red Sea, Great Barrier Reef and Phoenix Islands. Results showed that large, abrupt declines in skeletal growth occur at thresholds of accumulated heat stress defined by NOAA's Degree Heating Weeks Index (DHWs). In addition, there was a significant correlation between host lipid reserve, an independent measure of stress and mortality risk, and rates of skeletal growth. Because the coral skeleton archives the history of each coral's response to and recovery from successive, documented thermal anomalies, this approach pinpoints the thermal thresholds for sub-lethal impacts, the recovery time (if any) following a return to normal oceanographic conditions, and tests for a dampened response following successive events, indicative of acclimation.</p>
<p>This research program builds on initial work, focusing on method refinement and application to corals on two central Pacific reefs. With contrasting thermal histories, these reefs are considered at greatest risk from future ocean warming. In parallel, new experiments will be run on an ocean general-circulation model (OGCM) that is well suited to the tropical Pacific and of sufficiently high resolution, both horizontal and vertical, to maximize projections of thermal stress on specific central Pacific Reef sites over the next few decades. The OGCM output will also be of sufficient temporal resolution to compute DHWs, thus addressing a major limitation of the direct application of global climate model output (as archived for the IPCC AR4) toward coral-reef studies. Specifically, this study will: (1) collect multiple new, medium-length (15-30 yrs) cores and branches from two dominant reef-building species at 1-30m depth in the Gilbert and Jarvis Islands, central tropical Pacific; (2) apply 3-D CAT scanning and image analysis techniques to quantify systematically thermal thresholds, rates of recovery and resilience for each species, at each reef site and with depth; (3) quantify energetic reserve and symbiont genotype amongst thermally more- and less- resilient colonies, establishing a quantitative link between calcification stress and mortality risk, and determining the physiological basis for calcification responses to thermal stress; (4) use an OGCM specifically tailored to the tropical Pacific to produce a dynamically consistent set of forecasts for near-term climate change at the target reef sites; and (5) combine coral data with model output and refine the projected thermal stress forecast, in degree heating weeks, for corals in this central Pacific Island group over the 21st century.</p>
Thermal Thresholds and Projections
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Palauan archipelago
134.22
134.562
7.16
7.822
2011-04-01
2011-09-30
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Stress bands in coral cores for corals from Palau reefs
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709429.rdf
Name: reef_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Reef environment at core collection site (Barrier or Lagoon)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709430.rdf
Name: site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name of reef site where cores were collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709431.rdf
Name: latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of the reef site; North = positive</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709432.rdf
Name: longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of the reef site; East = positive</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709433.rdf
Name: coral_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique coral identification number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709434.rdf
Name: date_collected
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date (month and year) of coral core collection</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709435.rdf
Name: date_range
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Range of years for which skeletal growth was analyzed</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709436.rdf
Name: stress_band_1998
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Signifies whether the core contained a stress band in 1998; + indicates stress band, - indicates no stress band, n.d. signifies no data collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/709437.rdf
Name: stress_band_2010
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Signifies whether the core contained a stress band in 2010 + indicates stress band, - indicates no stress band, n.d. signifies no data collected</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
6186
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24403/1/dataset-709415_core-stress-bands__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.709415.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Coral skeletal core collection:&nbsp;We collected 101 skeletal cores from massive <em>Porites </em>coral colonies at ten reef sites representing two major reef environments, barrier reef and lagoon, the latter including fringing reefs around the uplifted karst Rock Islands. The two environments are broadly distinguishable in both physical (flow, temperature, and light regimes) and chemical (carbon system parameters, salinity) characteristics with generally higher flow, light, pH, and salinity and lower SST on the barrier reefs (Shamberger et al. 2014; Barkley et al. 2015).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>Skeletal cores (20-40 cm in length) were collected in April 2011, September 2011, April 2012, August 2014, and January 2015 vertically from live coral colonies at 1-6 m depth using pneumatic drills with 3.8 cm diameter diamond drill bits. Core holes were filled with cement plugs hammered flush with the colony surface and sealed with underwater epoxy. Visual inspections of colonies 6-12 months after coring revealed significant overgrowth of plugs and no long-term impacts to the corals. Coral cores were oven-dried and scanned with a Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. 3-D CT scans of coral cores were analyzed using OsiriX freeware to visualize the 3-D image (Cantin et al. 2010; Crook et al. 2013) and an automated MATLAB code to quantify skeletal growth parameters and stress banding (DeCarlo et al. 2015).&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Stress bands: </strong>Coral cores that included growth records prior to 1998 were assessed for the presence of high-density stress bands associated with elevated temperatures in 1998 (n = 86), and all cores were examined for stress bands in 2010. A stress band was defined as a region of the coral core &gt; 1 mm in height and extending the entire width of the core where density values exceeded two standard deviations of the whole-core density mean. We defined a minimum band thickness in order to filter out smaller-scale density variability and high-density noise. A value of 1 mm for this thickness threshold was selected based on the average linear extension rates of Palau <em>Porites </em>corals (0.88 cm yr<sup>-1</sup>, interquartile range = 0.35 cm yr<sup>-1</sup>), where 1 mm represents, on average, approximately 10% of overall annual linear extension. High-density anomalies of this width therefore represent significant perturbations in growth. Density thresholds were set based on standard deviations from mean values in order to account for significant differences in density means and variability between individuals. Density values were normally distributed within coral cores, and values greater than two standard deviations were defined as the threshold for a stress band. This threshold was selected to aid in the identification of only the most anomalously high-density areas (i.e., areas with densities greater than approximately 95% of all values) while also minimizing the probability of type II errors in coral cores where stress bands exist but high-density values are slightly less extreme. Stress bands were identified as occurring within a particular year (specifically, 1998 and 2010) based on annual patterns of density banding, in which successive low density bands were counted down from the top of the core and subsequently dated based on the known date of collection. Although a small number of coral skeletal cores had occasional high-density regions in additional years, we did not consistently detect stress bands corresponding to years other than 1998 and 2010.</p>
<p>The percentage of <em>Porites </em>corals with stress bands was compared with community bleaching data for each reef site collected during the 1998 and 2010 high-temperature events. Bleaching data from 1998 were collected at nine reef sites in November 1998 using a point-intercept technique with three replicate 20-m transect surveys per site conducted at 3-5 m depth (Bruno et al. 2001). A subset of six of these nine sites was used to compare bleaching data to stress band records based on proximity to our core collection sites. Data from 2010 were collected at 80 randomly assigned reef sites in July and August 2010 with three replicate 30-m transect surveys conducted at 2-5 m depth (van Woesik et al. 2012).&nbsp; A subset of 31 of these sites was included in this study. Because <em>in situ</em> bleaching data were collected at randomized locations, the spatial matches between sites with bleaching data and sites with coral cores were not always exact. Therefore, for each coral core collection site, we averaged bleaching data from the two or three sites that both fell within a 10-km radius of each core site and that represented the same environment type to calculate a community bleaching estimate. Bleaching information about specific coral colonies from which we collected cores was not available.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>BCO-DMO Processing:<br />
- modified parameter names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;<br />
- replaced spaces with underscores;<br />
-&nbsp;added site lats and lons obtained from the Supplmentary Material to Barkley and Cohen (2016).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner
Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner PI Supplied Instrument Description:Siemens Volume Zoom Helical Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner Instrument Name: Computerized Tomography (CT) Scanner Instrument Short Name:CT Scanner Instrument Description: A CT scan makes use of computer-processed combinations of many X-ray measurements taken from different angles to produce cross-sectional (tomographic) images (virtual "slices") of specific areas of a scanned object.
Cruise: Palau_reefs_2011-13
Palau_reefs_2011-13
PICRC Small Boats
vessel
Palau_reefs_2011-13
Anne L. Cohen
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
PICRC Small Boats
vessel