1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T8f6,

Chlorophyll a Methods: Seawater samples were collected from CTD casts in pre-cleaned opaque brown polyethylene bottles and then analyzed from chlorophyll a (Chl-a) after extraction into 90% acetone:10% high purity water according to the method outlined in Welschmeyer, 1994. Briefly, after a seawater sample was collected from the CTD, a known volume of that seawater was filtered through a 25 mm diameter GF/F glass fiber filter under subdued lighting and at ~100 mm Hg pressure differential. Samples were filtered within 30 min of sample collection. The filter-funnel walls were then rinsed with previously filtered seawater. The filter was then folded with a flat-tipped forcep and placed in a borosilicate test tube that was tightly capped. The test tube was wrapped in Al foil and frozen. Once several samples were processed and stored this way, they were removed from the freezer and 4 mL of 90% (v/v) acetone (Burdick and Jackson, spectrophotometric grade) diluted with high-purity laboratory water (Milli-Q water from a Barnstead water system. The samples were vigorously shaken, wrapped in Al foil, and the Chl-a extracted overnight in the freezer (ca. 12 hr) in the dark. Chl-a in the acetone extracts was quantified by fluorescence under subdued lighting using a Turner Designs model AU-10 fluorometer. Samples were removed from the freezer and warmed to room temperature in the dark prior to analysis.

Chlorophyll a Concentration Calculation: To obtain chlorophyll a concentrations, blank-corrected fluorescence values obtained from the AU-10 were converted to ug Chl- a/L by using the standard curve equation obtained from calibration with an authentic Chl-a standard diluted in 90% acetone prior to the cruise. Secondary solid standards were analyzed daily during the cruise to ensure that the calibration of the AU-10 remained constant. Concentrations were corrected based on the filtered and extract volumes, as well as dilution factors, when needed.

Relevant Reference:

Welschmeyer, N.A. 1994. Fluorometric analysis of chlorophyll a in the presence of chlorophyll b and pheopigments. Limnol. Oceanogr. 39: 1985-1992. 10.4319/lo.1994.39.8.1985

1d:Tbe5,The oceans hold a massive quantity of organic carbon that is greater than all terrestrial organic carbon biomass combined. Nearly all marine organic carbon is dissolved and more than 95% is refractory, and cycled through the oceans several times before complete removal. Refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) concentrations are uniform with depth in the water column and represent the "background" carbon present throughout the oceans. However, very little is known regarding RDOC production and removal processes. One potential removal pathway is through adsorption of RDOC onto surfaces of rising bubbles produced by breaking waves and ejection via bubble bursting into the atmosphere. Building on prior research, the investigators will evaluate the importance of ocean- atmosphere processing in recycling marine RDOC during a research cruise in the northwestern Atlantic Ocean. Results of the research will provide important insights regarding the coupled ocean-atmosphere loss of RDOC, thereby improving understanding of and ability to predict the role of RDOC in oceanic and atmospheric biogeochemistry, the global carbon cycle, and Earth's climate. The research will involve three early career faculty, and will provide training for undergraduate and graduate researchers. Recent results based on a limited set of observations indicate that the organic matter (OM) associated with primary marine aerosol (PMA) produced by bursting bubbles from breaking waves at the sea surface is comprised partly to wholly of RDOC rather than OM of recent biological origin as has been widely assumed. The injection of RDOC into the atmosphere in association with PMA and its subsequent photochemical oxidation is a potentially important and hitherto unrecognized sink for RDOC in the oceans of sufficient magnitude to close the marine carbon budget and help resolve a long-standing conundrum regarding removal mechanisms for marine RDOC. This project will involve a shipboard investigation and modeling study to (1) quantify the relative contributions of marine refractory dissolved organic carbon (RDOC) to primary marine aerosol organic matter (PMA OM) produced from near-surface seawater in biologically productive and oligotrophic regions and from North Atlantic Deep Water, and to (2) determine the importance of atmospheric photochemical processing as a recycling pathway for RDOC. To test these hypotheses, a high-capacity aerosol generator will be deployed at four hydrographic stations in the NW Atlantic Ocean to characterize (1) the natural abundance of 14C in PMA and in surface and deep seawater; (2) the surface tension and physical properties of bubble plumes; (3) size-resolved production fluxes, chemical composition, organic carbon enrichments, spectral absorbance, and photochemical evolution of PMA; and (4) the carbon content, optical properties, and physical properties of seawater. The importance of RDOC recycling via PMA production and photochemical evolution will be interpreted with model calculations. EN589 Cruise Track6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"710245","description":"

Seawater samples collected from CTD casts and analyzed for Chl a.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1c","processing":"

BCO-DMO Processing:
\nAdded conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date.
\nModified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions.
\nRe-formatted date from dd-MM-YY to yyyymmdd.
\nRe-formatted the latitude longitude pairs from degrees decimal minutes to decimal degrees.

2019-01-02: revised the station positions and changed cast ID 16267U1804 to 16267U1604. Version 2 (2019-01-02) replaces version 1 (2017-07-19).

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Seawater chlorophyll-a from R/V Endeavor cruise EN589 in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean from September to October 2016 (Refractory DOC Recycling project)","nickname":"EN589 Seawater Chlorophyll","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Preliminary and in progress","currentStateId":"6","validated":false,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2019-01-02T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"","citation":"Kieber, D. J. (2019) Seawater chlorophyll-a from R/V Endeavor cruise EN589 in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean from September to October 2016 (Refractory DOC Recycling project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-01-02 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/710245 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/710245","versionDate":"2019-01-02","versionId":"1","year":"2019","title":"Seawater chlorophyll-a from R/V Endeavor cruise EN589 in the Northwest Atlantic Ocean from September to October 2016 (Refractory DOC Recycling project)","authors":"Kieber, D. 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The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.","type_acronym":"Niskin bottle"},{"_id":"710253","name":"Turner Designs model AU-10 fluorometer","description":"Chl-a in the acetone extracts was quantified by fluorescence under subdued lighting using a Turner Designs model AU-10 fluorometer.","type_id":"464","type_name":"Turner Designs Fluorometer 10-AU","type_desc":"The Turner Designs 10-AU Field Fluorometer is used to measure Chlorophyll fluorescence. The 10AU Fluorometer can be set up for continuous-flow monitoring or discrete sample analyses. A variety of compounds can be measured using application-specific optical filters available from the manufacturer (read more from Turner Designs, turnerdesigns.com, Sunnyvale, CA, USA).","type_acronym":"Turner Fluorometer 10-AU"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"710275","name":"Sample_Date","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date when the sample was collected.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"yyyymmdd"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"710276","name":"Latitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude coordinate where the sample was collected, South is negative.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"710277","name":"Longitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude coordinate where the sample was collected, West is negative.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"710278","name":"Cast_ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Identifier for the specific cast which collected the data.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"761","name":"cast","description":"

cast or profile number

"}},{"_id":"710279","name":"CTD_Sample_Depth","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Depth at which the sample was collected.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"710280","name":"Vol_Filtered","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Total amount of water filtered.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"mililiters (mL)"},"type":{"_id":"1040","name":"vol_filt","description":"

volume of water filtered; in this form generally applies to the volume of water filtered during plankton tows; however; this parameter name is also used for a variety of non plankton sampling and the units can vary, e.g. US JGOFS EqPac Bishop MULVFS sampler vol_filt is reported in liters.

"}},{"_id":"710281","name":"Vol_Extracted","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Total amount extracted after filtering.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"mililiters (mL)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"710282","name":"Dilution_Factor","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Factor by which the sample was diluted

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"710283","name":"AU10_signal","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Raw signal collected from the Turner Designs model AU-10 fluorometer

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"710284","name":"Chl_a_extract","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Chlorophyll a concentration of the extracted water.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms per Liter (ug/L)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

CAUTION Within JGOFS MERGED water column products: this parameter is derived from HPLC methodology and the units are nanograms/liter; however; this parameter name is also used for a variety of water and nonwater column sampling; derived via the fluorometric method; units will also vary.

"}},{"_id":"710285","name":"Chl_a_sample","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Chlorophyll a concentration of the sample.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms per Liter (ug/L)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

"}},{"_id":"710286","name":"chl_a_avg","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Average chlorophyll a concentrations from the sample.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms per Liter (ug/L)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

"}},{"_id":"710287","name":"chl_a_stdev","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Standard deviation of the chlorophyll a concentrations from the sample.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms per Liter (ug/L)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

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