http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/715193
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2017-09-18
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
[Deprecated] Laboratory growth, photosynthetic, and growth rates of Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H in nitrate replete culture (Stressors on Marine Phytoplankton project)
2017-09-14
publication
2017-09-14
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2017-09-14
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/715193
Edward Laws
Louisiana State University College of the Coast and Environment
principalInvestigator
Uta Passow
University of California-Santa Barbara
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
documentDigital
Cite this dataset as: Laws, E., Passow, U. (2017) [Deprecated] Laboratory growth, photosynthetic, and growth rates of Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H in nitrate replete culture (Stressors on Marine Phytoplankton project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Version Date 2017-09-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/715193 [access date]
Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H: nitrate replete culture data Dataset Description: <p>This dataset has been deprecated and replaced. Please see dataset <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/779368">https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/779368</a>.</p>
<p><em>Thalassiosira pseudonanana</em> were grown in nitrate replete culture at eight temperatures, 300 umol photons m–2 s–1, and 400 ppm CO2. Growth rates, photosynthetic rates, respirations rates, C:N&nbsp;ratio, C:Chlorophyll-a ratio, maximum quantum yield, and the range of pCO2 values are reported.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>The culture was grown in a nutrient-replete continuous culture system on a 14:10 L:D cycle of illumination at a temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 31, and 32°C. The irradiance during the photoperiod was 300 micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>. Photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) was measured with a Biospherical Instruments model QSL 2100 quantum sensor. Temperature was controlled to within 0.1°C by circulating water from a Haake model DC10 temperature-controlled water bath through the outer jacket of the reaction chamber. The dilution rate of the growth chamber was controlled with a peristaltic pump (Masterflex Model 77200-60) to within ± 0.002 per day. The CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the laboratory was monitored with a CO2METER model AZ-004 meter calibrated at 0 and 400 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> with a standard gas mixture.</p>
<p>The system was judged to be in steady state when cell counts, measured with a Beckman Coulter model Z1 particle counter, had been reproducible to within ± 2% for at least 4 doubling times. Chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentrations were determined from samples collected on glass fiber filters and extracted in methanol. The absorbances were measured at 664 and 750 nm with a Cary Model 50 spectrophotometer. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) were determined by filtering replicate 50-mL samples from the growth chamber onto GF/F glass fiber filters followed by analysis with an Exeter Analytical model CE-440 elemental analyzer. pH was measured with a Thermo Spectronic Heios spectrophotometer, as described in SOP 6B by <a href="http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Stressors_Marine_Phytoplankton/Dickson_etal_Guide_to_best_practices_for_ocean_CO2_measurements_2007.pdf" target="_blank">Dickson, et al 2007</a> with minor modifications, and with a Hach SensION model PH31 pH meter calibrated with standards on the total pH scale, prepared as per Millero, F.J., et al. "The use of buffers to measure the pH of seawater." <em>Marine Chemistry</em> 44.2 (1993): 143-152, with minor modifications.</p>
<p>The growth medium consisted of artificial seawater with a total alkalinity of 2365 meq L<sup>–1</sup>. Nutrient concentrations corresponded to f/2 medium, with the exception of trace metals, which were added at the concentrations specified by Sunda and Hardison (Limnology &amp; Oceanography 52[6]:&nbsp; 2496–2506 [2007]). The medium was sterile filtered (0.2 micron) into a 40-liter glass carboy that had been previously autoclaved. The growth chamber was an autoclaved glass reaction flask with a working volume of 2183 mL. The cells in the growth chamber were uniformly labeled with C-14 by adding 20 microcuries of C-14 bicarbonate to the nutrient reservoir. Five-milliliter samples for C-14 activity in the organic carbon were withdrawn in triplicate from the growth chamber at two-hour intervals during the photoperiod. The samples were acidified with 1 mL of 1 N HCl to drive off inorganic carbon.</p>
<p>The activity of C-14 in the samples was then determined by counting on a Packard Tri-Carb model 3100 TR liquid scintillation counter. Short-term (5-minute) photosynthesis versus irradiance curves were measured at the start, middle, and end of the photoperiod. For these experiments, triplicate 5-mL aliquots from the growth chamber were added to liquid scintillation vials pre-inoculated with 0.85 microcuries of C-14 bicarbonate. The vials were incubated at irradiances of 5, 10, 20, 30, 55, 80, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> for 5 minutes. Fixation was stopped by adding 0.5 mL of 1 N HCl to the vials. Total alkalinity was determined using the open cell titration method described as SOP 3B by <a href="http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Stressors_Marine_Phytoplankton/Dickson_etal_Guide_to_best_practices_for_ocean_CO2_measurements_2007.pdf" target="_blank">Dickson, et al 2007</a> DIC concentrations were then calculated from temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, and pH using the equations in Zeebe and Wolf-Gladrow, CO<sub>2</sub> in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes.</p>
<p>Photosynthetic rates as a function of irradiance were found to be best described by Hill reaction kinetics with n = 2 (Hill, A. V., J. Physiol. 40, iv-vii [1910]). For n = 2, the Hill equation takes the form</p>
<p>P = P<sub>max</sub>I<sup>2</sup>/(K<sub>I</sub>^<sup>2</sup> + I^<sup>2</sup>)</p>
<p>The light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) with units of grams carbon per gram chlorophyll <em>a</em> per hour and the parameter KI (Hill coefficient) with units of micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> were determined by least squares. Dark-adapted photosynthetic quantum yield (QY) was measured in triplicate for each continuous culture in steady state at mid-photoperiod. QY measurements were made with a PSI AquaPen C100 with manufacturer’s supplied plastic cuvettes containing 4 mL of culture each. Dark-adaptation of the culture samples was achieved by wrapping each of three cuvettes in aluminum foil and incubating at room temperature for 30 minutes, after which QY was measured in a darkened room.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Stressors_Marine_Phytoplankton/Dickson_etal_Guide_to_best_practices_for_ocean_CO2_measurements_2007.pdf" target="_blank">Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO<sub>2</sub> measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp.</a></p>
<p>Hill, A. V. 1910. The possible effects of the aggregation of the molecules of haemoglobin on its dissociation curves. <em>J. Physiol.</em> 40: iv–vii.</p>
<p>Sunda, W. G., and D. R. Hardison. 2007. Ammonium uptake and growth limitation in marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52(6): 2496–2506.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1536581 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1536581
onGoing
Edward Laws
Louisiana State University College of the Coast and Environment
225 578-3334
Louisiana State University School of the Coast and Environment 1002R Energy, Coast and Environment Building
Baton Rouge
LA
70803
USA
edlaws@lsu.edu
pointOfContact
Uta Passow
University of California-Santa Barbara
709-864-8010
Ocean Sciences Centre, Memorial University Marine Lab Road, Logy Bay
St. John's
Newfoundland
A1C 5S7
Canada
uta.passow@mun.ca
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Unknown
temperature
growth_rate
C_N
C_chla
PI
Pmax
K_I
quantum_min
dark_respiration_rate
Fv_Fm
min_pCO2
max_pCO2
avg_pCO2
time_interval
Hach SensION model PH31 pH meter
Cary Model 50 spectrophotometer
an Exeter Analytical model CE-440 elemental analyzer
Beckman Coulter model Z1 particle counter
PSI AquaPen C100
Z985 Cuvette Aquapen (Qubit Systems)
Packard Tri-Carb model 3100 TR liquid scintillation counter
CO2METER model AZ-004
Masterflex Model 77200-60 peristaltic pump
Biospherical Instruments model QSL 2100 quantum sensor
Thermo Spectronic Heios spectrophotometer
theme
None, User defined
water temperature at measurement depth
growth
Carbon to Nitrogen ratio (C:N)
No BCO-DMO term
rate of 14C fixation
respiration rate
Fv to Fm ratio
Partial pressure of CO2
duration
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Benchtop pH Meter
Cary 50 spectrophotometer
Chemostat
CHN Elemental Analyzer
Coulter Counter
Fluorometer
Fluorometer
Liquid Scintillation Counter
pCO2 Sensor
Pump
Radiometer
Spectrophotometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Effects of multiple stressors on Marine Phytoplankton
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/654347
Collaborative Research: Effects of multiple stressors on Marine Phytoplankton
<p>The overarching goal of this project is to develop a framework for understanding the response of phytoplankton to multiple environmental stresses. Marine phytoplankton, which are tiny algae, produce as much oxygen as terrestrial plants and provide food, directly or indirectly, to all marine animals. Their productivity is thus important both for global elemental cycles of oxygen and carbon, as well as for the productivity of the ocean. Globally the productivity of marine phytoplankton appears to be changing, but while we have some understanding of the response of phytoplankton to shifts in one environmental parameter at a time, like temperature, there is very little knowledge of their response to simultaneous changes in several parameters. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations result in both ocean acidification and increased surface water temperatures. The latter in turn leads to greater ocean stratification and associated changes in light exposure and nutrient availability for the plankton. Recently it has become apparent that the response of phytoplankton to simultaneous changes in these growth parameters is not additive. For example, the effect of ocean acidification may be severe at one temperature-light combination and negligible at another. The researchers of this project will carry out experiments that will provide a theoretical understanding of the relevant interactions so that the impact of climate change on marine phytoplankton can be predicted in an informed way. This project will engage high schools students through training of a teacher and the development of a teaching unit. Undergraduate and graduate students will work directly on the research. A cartoon journalist will create a cartoon story on the research results to translate the findings to a broader general public audience.</p>
<p>Each phytoplankton species has the capability to acclimatize to changes in temperature, light, pCO2, and nutrient availability - at least within a finite range. However, the response of phytoplankton to multiple simultaneous stressors is frequently complex, because the effects on physiological responses are interactive. To date, no datasets exist for even a single species that could fully test the assumptions and implications of existing models of phytoplankton acclimation to multiple environmental stressors. The investigators will combine modeling analysis with laboratory experiments to investigate the combined influences of changes in pCO2, temperature, light, and nitrate availability on phytoplankton growth using cultures of open ocean and coastal diatom strains (Thalassiosira pseudonana) and an open ocean cyanobacteria species (Synechococcus sp.). The planned experiments represent ideal case studies of the complex and interactive effects of environmental conditions on organisms, and results will provide the basis for predictive modeling of the response of phytoplankton taxa to multiple environmental stresses.</p>
Stressors on Marine Phytoplankton
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
-91.18412
-91.18412
30.4089
30.4089
2017-09-14
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from [Deprecated] Laboratory growth, photosynthetic, and growth rates of Thalassiosira pseudonana clone 3H in nitrate replete culture (Stressors on Marine Phytoplankton project)
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715212.rdf
Name: temperature
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>temperature of culture</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715213.rdf
Name: growth_rate
Units: per day
Description: <p>growth rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715214.rdf
Name: C_N
Units: grams C/grams N
Description: <p>carbon to nitrogen ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715215.rdf
Name: C_chla
Units: grams C/grams chlorophyll-a
Description: <p>carbon to chlorophyll-a ratio, or F ratio (Strickland, 1960)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715216.rdf
Name: PI
Units: grams C/grams chlorophyll-a/hour
Description: <p>Productivity Index: the photosynthetic rate normalized to the chlorophyll concentrations</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715217.rdf
Name: Pmax
Units: grams C/grams chlorophyll-a/hour
Description: <p>maximum photosynthetic rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715218.rdf
Name: K_I
Units: micromole photons/meter^2/second
Description: <p>Hill coefficient, KI</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715219.rdf
Name: quantum_min
Units: photons per carbon
Description: <p>minimum quantum requirement; derived from the inverse of the maximum quantum yield (Falkowski and Raven)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715220.rdf
Name: dark_respiration_rate
Units: per day
Description: <p>dark respiration rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715221.rdf
Name: Fv_Fm
Units: unitless
Description: <p>maximum quantum yield (QY=Fv/Fm)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715222.rdf
Name: min_pCO2
Units: parts per million by volume (ppmv)
Description: <p>minimum pCO2 during study</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715223.rdf
Name: max_pCO2
Units: parts per million by volume (ppmv)
Description: <p>maximum pCO2 during study</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715224.rdf
Name: avg_pCO2
Units: parts per million by volume (ppmv)
Description: <p>average pCO2 during study</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/715225.rdf
Name: time_interval
Units: unitless
Description: <p>time interval of study</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/715193/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>The culture was grown in a nutrient-replete continuous culture system on a 14:10 L:D cycle of illumination at a temperatures of 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 31, and 32°C. The irradiance during the photoperiod was 300 micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup>. Photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) was measured with a Biospherical Instruments model QSL 2100 quantum sensor. Temperature was controlled to within 0.1°C by circulating water from a Haake model DC10 temperature-controlled water bath through the outer jacket of the reaction chamber. The dilution rate of the growth chamber was controlled with a peristaltic pump (Masterflex Model 77200-60) to within ± 0.002 per day. The CO<sub>2</sub> concentration in the laboratory was monitored with a CO2METER model AZ-004 meter calibrated at 0 and 400 ppm CO<sub>2</sub> with a standard gas mixture.</p>
<p>The system was judged to be in steady state when cell counts, measured with a Beckman Coulter model Z1 particle counter, had been reproducible to within ± 2% for at least 4 doubling times. Chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentrations were determined from samples collected on glass fiber filters and extracted in methanol. The absorbances were measured at 664 and 750 nm with a Cary Model 50 spectrophotometer. Concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) were determined by filtering replicate 50-mL samples from the growth chamber onto GF/F glass fiber filters followed by analysis with an Exeter Analytical model CE-440 elemental analyzer. pH was measured with a Thermo Spectronic Heios spectrophotometer, as described in SOP 6B by <a href="http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Stressors_Marine_Phytoplankton/Dickson_etal_Guide_to_best_practices_for_ocean_CO2_measurements_2007.pdf" target="_blank">Dickson, et al 2007</a> with minor modifications, and with a Hach SensION model PH31 pH meter calibrated with standards on the total pH scale, prepared as per Millero, F.J., et al. "The use of buffers to measure the pH of seawater." <em>Marine Chemistry</em> 44.2 (1993): 143-152, with minor modifications.</p>
<p>The growth medium consisted of artificial seawater with a total alkalinity of 2365 meq L<sup>–1</sup>. Nutrient concentrations corresponded to f/2 medium, with the exception of trace metals, which were added at the concentrations specified by Sunda and Hardison (Limnology &amp; Oceanography 52[6]:&nbsp; 2496–2506 [2007]). The medium was sterile filtered (0.2 micron) into a 40-liter glass carboy that had been previously autoclaved. The growth chamber was an autoclaved glass reaction flask with a working volume of 2183 mL. The cells in the growth chamber were uniformly labeled with C-14 by adding 20 microcuries of C-14 bicarbonate to the nutrient reservoir. Five-milliliter samples for C-14 activity in the organic carbon were withdrawn in triplicate from the growth chamber at two-hour intervals during the photoperiod. The samples were acidified with 1 mL of 1 N HCl to drive off inorganic carbon.</p>
<p>The activity of C-14 in the samples was then determined by counting on a Packard Tri-Carb model 3100 TR liquid scintillation counter. Short-term (5-minute) photosynthesis versus irradiance curves were measured at the start, middle, and end of the photoperiod. For these experiments, triplicate 5-mL aliquots from the growth chamber were added to liquid scintillation vials pre-inoculated with 0.85 microcuries of C-14 bicarbonate. The vials were incubated at irradiances of 5, 10, 20, 30, 55, 80, 120, 150, 200, 250, 300, and 350 micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> for 5 minutes. Fixation was stopped by adding 0.5 mL of 1 N HCl to the vials. Total alkalinity was determined using the open cell titration method described as SOP 3B by <a href="http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Stressors_Marine_Phytoplankton/Dickson_etal_Guide_to_best_practices_for_ocean_CO2_measurements_2007.pdf" target="_blank">Dickson, et al 2007</a> DIC concentrations were then calculated from temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, and pH using the equations in Zeebe and Wolf-Gladrow, CO<sub>2</sub> in Seawater: Equilibrium, Kinetics, Isotopes.</p>
<p>Photosynthetic rates as a function of irradiance were found to be best described by Hill reaction kinetics with n = 2 (Hill, A. V., J. Physiol. 40, iv-vii [1910]). For n = 2, the Hill equation takes the form</p>
<p>P = P<sub>max</sub>I<sup>2</sup>/(K<sub>I</sub>^<sup>2</sup> + I^<sup>2</sup>)</p>
<p>The light-saturated photosynthetic rate (Pmax) with units of grams carbon per gram chlorophyll <em>a</em> per hour and the parameter KI (Hill coefficient) with units of micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> were determined by least squares. Dark-adapted photosynthetic quantum yield (QY) was measured in triplicate for each continuous culture in steady state at mid-photoperiod. QY measurements were made with a PSI AquaPen C100 with manufacturer’s supplied plastic cuvettes containing 4 mL of culture each. Dark-adaptation of the culture samples was achieved by wrapping each of three cuvettes in aluminum foil and incubating at room temperature for 30 minutes, after which QY was measured in a darkened room.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>References:</strong></p>
<p><a href="http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/Stressors_Marine_Phytoplankton/Dickson_etal_Guide_to_best_practices_for_ocean_CO2_measurements_2007.pdf" target="_blank">Dickson, A.G., Sabine, C.L. and Christian, J.R. (Eds.) 2007. Guide to best practices for ocean CO<sub>2</sub> measurements. PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp.</a></p>
<p>Hill, A. V. 1910. The possible effects of the aggregation of the molecules of haemoglobin on its dissociation curves. <em>J. Physiol.</em> 40: iv–vii.</p>
<p>Sunda, W. G., and D. R. Hardison. 2007. Ammonium uptake and growth limitation in marine phytoplankton. Limnol. Oceanogr. 52(6): 2496–2506.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Photosynthetic rates during two-hour intervals during the photoperiod were calculated by solving the differential equation</p>
<p>d(<em>POC</em>)/dt = <em>P</em> – m&nbsp;x&nbsp;<em>POC </em>&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (1)</p>
<p>where <em>P</em> is the rate of production of <em>POC</em> in the growth chamber, m is the dilution rate of the growth chamber and d(<em>POC</em>)/dt is the rate of change of <em>POC</em> in the growth chamber. The solution of equation (1) between two points in time is</p>
<p><em>P</em> = m(<em>POC</em><sub>t</sub> – <em>POC</em><sub>0</sub> e^<sup>–mt</sup>)&nbsp;/(1 – e^<sup>–mt</sup> )&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;(2)</p>
<p>where <em>POC</em><sub>0</sub>&nbsp; and <em>POC</em><sub>t</sub> are the concentrations of POC at the beginning and end of the time interval, respectively, and <em>t</em> is the duration of the time interval, which in this experiment was 2 hours. Values of <em>P</em> were calculated for each two-hour time interval during the photoperiod, normalized to the chlorophyll <em>a</em> concentration during each time interval, and then averaged to determine the photosynthetic rate per unit chlorophyll (productivity index or PI) during the photoperiod. Results are reported as grams of carbon per gram of chlorophyll <em>a</em> per hour&nbsp;averaged over the 14-h photoperiod.</p>
<p>Dark respiration rates were calculated from the natural logarithm of the ratio of the total organic carbon <sup>14</sup>C activity at the end of the photoperiod and the beginning of the subsequent photoperiod. All TO<sup>14</sup>C activities were corrected for blank counts, which were typically 24 count per minute. The natural logarithm of the ratio of the <em>TO</em><sup>14</sup><em>C</em> counts was equated to (m + m<sub>r</sub>)10/24, where m<sub>r</sub> is the dark respiration rate (d<sup>–1</sup>) and m is the dilution rate (d<sup>–1</sup>). Division by 24 converts these rates to h<sup>–1</sup>, and multiplication by 10 corrects for the fact that the duration of the dark period was 10 hours. Thus</p>
<p>&nbsp; m<sub>r</sub>&nbsp;= (24/10)ln (<em>TO</em><sup>14</sup><em>C</em><sub>e</sub>/ <em>TO</em><sup>14</sup><em>C</em><sub>b</sub>) – m &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; (3)</p>
<p>where <em>TO</em><sup>14</sup><em>C<sub>e&nbsp;</sub></em>and <em>TO</em><sup>14</sup><em>C<sub>b</sub></em> are the <sup>14</sup>C counts in the <em>TOC</em> at the end of one photoperiod and the beginning of the next photoperiod, respectively.</p>
<p>The minimum quantum requirement (i.e., smallest number of photons required to fix one carbon atom) was estimated at the beginning, midpoint, and end of the 14-h photoperiod based on the 5-minute uptake of inorganic carbon (gram C per gram chlorophyll per hour) versus irradiance. Hill kinetics with n = 2 was assumed&nbsp; (Hill, A. V., J. Physiol. 40, iv-vii [1910]). For n = 2, the Hill equation takes the form</p>
<p>P = P<sub>max</sub>I^<sup>2</sup>/(K<sub>I</sub>^<sup>2</sup> + I^<sup>2</sup>)</p>
<p>For such an uptake curve, the minimum quantum requirement equals 2K<sub>I</sub>A<sub>abs</sub>/P<sub>max</sub>, where A<sub>abs </sub>is the chlorophyll-specific absorption coefficient of light. Because our experiments were conducted with white light (daylight fluorescent lamps), we assumed an A<sub>abs</sub> value of 14 m<sup>2</sup> per gram of chlorophyll based on Atlas and Bannister, Limnology &amp; Oceanography 25(1): 157–159 (1980). If K<sub>I</sub> has units of micro-mol photons m<sup>–2</sup> s<sup>–1</sup> and P<sub>max</sub> has units of g C g<sup>–1</sup> chl <em>a</em> h<sup>–1</sup>, the minimum quantum requirement based on the Hill equation with n = 2 is 1.2096K<sub>I</sub>/P<sub>max</sub>. Minimum quantum requirements were calculated at the beginning, middle, and end of the 14-h photoperiod and are reported as the averages of those three estimates.</p>
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:</strong><br />
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
-&nbsp;replaced 'no data' and empty cells with nd</p>
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Hach SensION model PH31 pH meter
Hach SensION model PH31 pH meter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Hach SensION model PH31 pH meter Instrument Name: Benchtop pH Meter Instrument Short Name:Benchtop pH Meter Instrument Description: An instrument consisting of an electronic voltmeter and pH-responsive electrode that gives a direct conversion of voltage differences to differences of pH at the measurement temperature. (McGraw-Hill Dictionary of Scientific and Technical Terms)
This instrument does not map to the NERC instrument vocabulary term for 'pH Sensor' which measures values in the water column. Benchtop models are typically employed for stationary lab applications.
Cary Model 50 spectrophotometer
Cary Model 50 spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Cary Model 50 spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure absorbances were measured at 664 and 750 nm Instrument Name: Cary 50 spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Cary 50 Instrument Description: A Cary 50 spectrophotometer measures absorbance (200-800 nm). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0523/
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Instrument Name: Chemostat Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Devices in which controlled conditions are maintained for a chemical process to be carried out by organisms or biochemically active substances derived from such organisms.
an Exeter Analytical model CE-440 elemental analyzer
an Exeter Analytical model CE-440 elemental analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: an Exeter Analytical model CE-440 elemental analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure concentrations of particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate nitrogen (PN) Instrument Name: CHN Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name:CHN_EA Instrument Description: A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples.
Beckman Coulter model Z1 particle counter
Beckman Coulter model Z1 particle counter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Beckman Coulter model Z1 particle counter PI Supplied Instrument Description:Use to make cell counts Instrument Name: Coulter Counter Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: An apparatus for counting and sizing particles suspended in electrolytes. It is used for cells, bacteria, prokaryotic cells and virus particles. A typical Coulter counter has one or more microchannels that separate two chambers containing electrolyte solutions.
from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulter_counter
PSI AquaPen C100
PSI AquaPen C100
PI Supplied Instrument Name: PSI AquaPen C100 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure the maximum quantum yield, QY (Fv/Fm) with the manufacturer’s supplied plastic cuvettes containing 4 mL of culture each. Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Z985 Cuvette Aquapen (Qubit Systems)
Z985 Cuvette Aquapen (Qubit Systems)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Z985 Cuvette Aquapen (Qubit Systems) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure instantaneous chlorophyll fluorescence (F0). AquaPen settings: f = 30, F=71, A = 50. Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Packard Tri-Carb model 3100 TR liquid scintillation counter
Packard Tri-Carb model 3100 TR liquid scintillation counter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Packard Tri-Carb model 3100 TR liquid scintillation counter PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure the activity of C-14 in the samples Instrument Name: Liquid Scintillation Counter Instrument Short Name:LSC Instrument Description: Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used to quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.
Liquid scintillation counters are instruments assaying alpha and beta radiation by quantitative detection of visible light produced by the passage of rays or particles through a suitable scintillant incorporated into the sample. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/
CO2METER model AZ-004
CO2METER model AZ-004
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CO2METER model AZ-004 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to monitor CO2 concentration in the laboratory. Calibrated at 0 and 400 ppm CO2 with a standard gas mixture Instrument Name: pCO2 Sensor Instrument Short Name:pCO2 Sensor Instrument Description: A sensor that measures the partial pressure of CO2 in water (pCO2)
Masterflex Model 77200-60 peristaltic pump
Masterflex Model 77200-60 peristaltic pump
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Masterflex Model 77200-60 peristaltic pump PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to control the dilution rate of the growth chamber Instrument Name: Pump Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps
Biospherical Instruments model QSL 2100 quantum sensor
Biospherical Instruments model QSL 2100 quantum sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Biospherical Instruments model QSL 2100 quantum sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure photosynthetically active radiation (400–700 nm) Instrument Name: Radiometer Instrument Short Name:Radiometer Instrument Description: Radiometer is a generic term for a range of instruments used to measure electromagnetic radiation (radiance and irradiance) in the atmosphere or the water column. For example, this instrument category includes free-fall spectral radiometer (SPMR/SMSR System, Satlantic, Inc), profiling or deck cosine PAR units (PUV-500 and 510, Biospherical Instruments, Inc). This is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/122/
Thermo Spectronic Heios spectrophotometer
Thermo Spectronic Heios spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Spectronic Heios spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Used to measure pH Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/