http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/719478
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2017-11-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Abundance and size distribution of marine snow aggregates from profiles conducted during R/V Polar Star cruises in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2001 and 2005.
2019-06-12
publication
2019-06-12
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-06-10
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.719478.1
Vernon L. Asper
University of Southern Mississippi
principalInvestigator
Walker O. Smith
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Asper, V., Smith, W. (2019) Abundance and size distribution of marine snow aggregates from profiles conducted during R/V Polar Star cruises in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2001 and 2005. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2019-06-12 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.719478.2 [access date]
Profiles of the abundance and size distribution of marine snow aggregates Dataset Description: <p>This dataset contains abundance and size distribution of marine snow aggregates from&nbsp;profiles conducted during R/V&nbsp;Polar Star cruises&nbsp;in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2001 and 2005.</p>
<p>Related dataset (collected during the same profiles):<br />
IVARS Phaeocystis:&nbsp;https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/768570</p> Methods and Sampling: Methodology:
A marine snow imaging system was lowered through the water column to acquire photographs of aggregates. The imaging system consisted of a collimated strobe system and either a 35-mm film camera (Lobsiger Deepslope 6000; Years 1 - 3) or a digital camera (Insite Pacific Scorpio; Year 4) mounted on an aluminum frame. The system was lowered at a rate of 10 m min-1 through the water column, acquiring ca. six images min-1 at an interval of ca. 1.7 m throughout the entire water column. Illumination was provided by a pair of strobe lights (Deep Sea Power and Light) positioned to produce an 8.4-cm deep beam of uniform, collimated light 66 or 79 cm from the camera lens (Fig. 2). Aggregates larger than 0.5 mm within this volume (3 - 15 L, depending on the camera, lens and resultant geometry) are quantified from images taken by a camera that is mounted perpendicular to the long axis of the light beam, which can subsequently be distinguished and quantified by digital analysis. Ambient light illuminates particles in front of and behind this light beam and invalidates the calculation of illuminated volume. Thus, profiles were obtained near local midnight whenever possible (24-h photoperiods occurred throughout all cruises) to minimize this interference; images with the frame visible, due to ambient light, were discarded. The depth of first aggregate counts ranged from 30 - 88 m (a function of water clarity and solar angle). A Sea-Bird SeaCat CTD and 25-cm SeaTech transmissometer mounted on the camera frame provided continuous measurements of temperature, salinity and optical transmission. These data were used to calculate the depth at which each image was acquired. All film (Tmax 400) and images were returned to the laboratory for processing except for short sections viewed at sea to assess camera operation. The films were developed and then digitized to JPG format either in house, using a Nikon camera and macro lens (3767 x 2368), or commercially (3544 x 2341).
Funding provided by NSF Division of Polar Programs (NSF PLR) Award Number: PLR-0087401 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0087401
completed
Vernon L. Asper
University of Southern Mississippi
228-688-3178
BLDF. 1103, ROOM 201 Inst. Marine Sciences, Univ. S. Mississippi, Stennis Space Center
Stennis
MS
39529
USA
vernon.asper@usm.edu
pointOfContact
Walker O. Smith
Virginia Institute of Marine Science
(804) 684-7709
P.O. Box 1346 Rt. 1208 Greate Rd.
Gloucester Point
VA
23062-1346
USA
wos@vims.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 2
Unknown
cruise_name
Canister
Station
Latitude
Longitude
depth
date_local
In_water_time_local
In_water_DateTime_UTC
particles_per_L
bin_0_0_to_0_5
bin_gt_0_5_to_1_0
bin_gt_1_0_to_1_5
bin_gt_1_5_to_2_0
bin_gt_2_0_to_2_5
bin_gt_2_5_to_3_0
bin_gt_3_0_to_3_5
bin_gt_3_5_to_4_0
bin_gt_4_0_to_4_5
bin_gt_4_5
Custom-built marine snow imaging system
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
sample description
station
latitude
longitude
depth
date_local
time_local
ISO_DateTime_UTC
No BCO-DMO term
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Camera
CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT
Sea Tech Transmissometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/686846
Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
During the past few decades of oceanographic research, it has been recognized that significant variations in biogeochemical processes occur among years. Interannual variations in the Southern Ocean are known to occur in ice extent and concentration, in the composition of herbivore communities, and in bird and marine mammal distributions and reproductive success. However, little is known about the interannual variations in production of phytoplankton or the role that these variations play in the food web. This project will collect time series data on the seasonal production of phytoplankton in the southern Ross Sea, Antarctica. Furthermore, it will assess the interannual variations of the production of the two major functional groups of the system, diatoms and Phaeocystis Antarctica, a colonial haptophyte. The Ross Sea provides a unique setting for this type of investigation for a number of reasons. For example, a de facto time-series has already been initiated in the Ross Sea through the concentration of a number of programs in the past ten years. It also is well known that the species diversity is reduced relative to other systems and its seasonal production is as great as anywhere in the Antarctic. Most importantly, seasonal production of both the total phytoplankton community (as well as its two functional groups) can be estimated from late summer nutrient profiles. The project will involve short cruises on the US Coast Guard ice breakers in the southern Ross Sea that will allow the collection of water column nutrient and particulate after data at specific locations in the late summer of each of five years. Additionally, two moorings with in situ nitrate analyzers moored at fifteen will be deployed, thus collecting for the first time in the in the Antarctic a time-series of euphotic zone nutrient concentrations over the entire growing season. All nutrient data will be used to calculate seasonal production for each year in the southern Ross Sea and compared to previously collected information, thereby providing an assessment of interannual variations in net community production. Particulate matter data will allow us to estimate the amount of export from the surface layer by late summer, and therefore calculate the interannual variability of this ecosystem process. Interannual variations of seasonal production (and of the major taxa of producers) are a potentially significant feature in the growth and survival of higher trophic levels within the food web of the Ross Sea. They are also important in order to understand the natural variability in biogeochemical processes of the region. Because polar regions such as the Ross Sea are predicted to be impacted by future climate change, biological changes are also anticipated. Placing these changes in the context of natural variability is an essential element of understanding and predicting such alterations. This research thus seeks to quantify the natural variability of an Antarctic coastal system, and ultimately understand its causes and impacts on food webs and biogeochemical cycles of the Ross Sea.</p>
<p><em>Related publications:</em><br />
<em>Smith, W.O., Jr.,</em> M.S. Dinniman, J.M. Klinck, and E. Hofmann. 2003. Biogeochemical climatologies in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: seasonal patterns of nutrients and biomass. <strong>Deep-Sea Res. II </strong>50: 3083-3101.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O., Jr.,</em> A.R. Shields, J.A. Peloquin, G. Catalano, S. Tozzi, M.S. Dinniman and V.A. Asper. 2006. Biogeochemical budgets in the Ross Sea: variations among years. <strong>Deep-Sea Res. II</strong> 53: 815-833.</p>
<p>Tremblay, J.-E. and <em>W.O. Smith, Jr.</em> 2007. Phytoplankton processes in polynyas. In: <u>Polynyas: Windows to the World’s Oceans</u> (W.O. Smith, Jr. and D.G. Barber, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Pp. 239-270.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.</em> and D.G. Barber (Eds.). 2007. <u>Polynyas: Windows to the World’s Oceans.</u> Elsevier, Amsterdam. 437 pp.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.</em> and D.G. Barber. 2007. Polynyas and climate change: a view to the future. In: <u>Polynyas: Windows to the World’s Oceans</u> (W.O. Smith, Jr. and D.G. Barber, eds.), Elsevier, Amsterdam, Pp. 409-417.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.,</em> D.G. Ainley and R. Cattaneo-Vietti. 2007. Trophic interactions within the Ross Sea continental shelf ecosystem. <strong>Phil. Trans. Roy. Soc., ser. B</strong> 362: 95-111.</p>
<p>Peloquin, J. A., and <em>W. O. Smith, Jr.</em> 2007. Phytoplankton blooms in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Interannual variability in magnitude, temporal patterns, and composition. <strong>J. Geophys. Res.</strong> 112: C08013, doi:10.1029/2006JC003816.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.</em> and J.C. Comiso. 2009. Southern Ocean primary productivity: variability and a view to the future. In <em>Smithsonian at the Poles: Contributions to International Polar Year Science </em>(I. Krupnik, M.A. Lang, and S.E. Miller, Eds.), Smithsonian Inst. Scholarly Press, Washington, D.C., pp. 309-318.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.,</em> M. Dinniman, G.R. DiTullio, S. Tozzi, O. Mangoni, M. Modigh and V. Saggiomo. 2010. Phytoplankton photosynthetic pigments in the Ross Sea: Patterns and relationships among functional groups. <strong>J. Mar. Systems </strong>82: 177-185.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr., </em>V. Asper, S. Tozzi, X. Liu and S.E. Stammerjohn. 2011a. Surface layer variability in the Ross Sea, Antarctica as assessed by in situ fluorescence measurements. <strong>Prog. Oceanogr.</strong> 88: 28-45 (doi: 10.1016/j.pocean.2010.08.002).</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.,</em> A.R. Shields, J. Dreyer, J.A. Peloquin and V. Asper. 2011b. Interannual variability in vertical export in the Ross Sea: magnitude, composition, and environmental correlates. <strong>Deep-Sea Res. I</strong> 58: 147-159.</p>
<p>Liu, X. and <em>W.O. Smith, Jr.</em> 2012. A statistical analysis of the controls on phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. <strong>J. Mar. Systems</strong> 94: 135-144.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.,</em> P.N. Sedwick, K.R. Arrigo, D.G. Ainley, and A.H. Orsi. 2012. The Ross Sea in a sea of change. <strong>Oceanography</strong> 25: 44-57.</p>
<p>Peloquin, J., C. Swan, N. Gruber, M. Vogt, H. Claustre, J. Ras, J. Uitz, J-C. Marty, R. Barlow, M. Behrenfeld, R. Bidigare, H. Dierssen, G. DiTullio, E. Fernandez, C. Gallienne, S. Gibb, R. Goericke, L. Harding, E. Head, P. Holligan, S. Hooker, D. Karl, T. Knap, M. Landry, R. Letelier, C.A. Llewellyn, M. Lomas, M. Lucas, A. Mannino, J.-C. Marty, B. G. Mitchell, F. Müller-Karger, N. Nelson, C. O'Brien, B. Prezelin, D. Repeta, <em>W. O. Smith, Jr.,</em> D. Smythe-Wright, R. Stumpf, A. Subramaniam, K. Suzuki, C. Trees, M. Vernet, K. Wasmund, and S. Wright. 2014. The MAREDAT global database of high performance liquid chromatography marine pigment measurements. <strong>Earth System Science Data</strong> 5: 109-123.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O. Jr.,</em> D.G. Ainley, K.R. Arrigo, and M.S. Dinniman. 2014. The oceanography and ecology of the Ross Sea. <strong>Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci.</strong> 6: 469-487.</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O., Jr. </em>and K. Donaldson. 2015. Photosynthesis-irradiance responses in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: a meta-analysis. <strong>Biogeosciences</strong> 12: 1-11.</p>
<p>Asper, V.L. and <em>W.O. Smith, Jr.</em> Variations in the abundance and distribution of aggregates in the Ross Sea, Antarctica. <strong>Deep-Sea Res. I</strong> (submitted).</p>
<p><em>Smith, W.O., Jr.</em> and D.E. Kaufman. Particulate organic carbon climatologies in the Ross Sea: evidence for seasonal acclimations within phytoplankton. <strong>Prog. Oceanogr.</strong> (submitted).</p>
IVARS
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
171.07
-177.977
-77.668
-76.4095
2001-12-22
2005-02-01
Southern Ross Sea
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Abundance and size distribution of marine snow aggregates from profiles conducted during R/V Polar Star cruises in the Ross Sea, Antarctica between 2001 and 2005.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770294.rdf
Name: cruise_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Name of the cruise which includes the year number and sequence number (For example, IVARS 1-1 is the first year and the first of two cruise)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770295.rdf
Name: Canister
Units: unitless
Description: <p>An internal reference to the film canister, if applicable. This is included to enable future resarchers to positively identify the correct film</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770296.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number as assigned during the cruise. Many are at the same location but individual numbers are used to allow separation based on time</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770297.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees (DD)
Description: <p>Latitude. Negative = South</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770298.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees (DD)
Description: <p>Longitude. Negative = West</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770299.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770300.rdf
Name: date_local
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calendar Date in local (Christchurch, NZ) (NZST/NZDT)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770301.rdf
Name: In_water_time_local
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Local time (HH:MM:SS) when the camera lowering began. Local time (Christchurch, NZ) (NZST/NZDT)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770302.rdf
Name: In_water_DateTime_UTC
Units: yyyy-MM-dd'T'HH:mm'Z'
Description: <p>Timestamp (UTC) when the camera lowering began in standard ISO 8601:2004(E) format YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SSZ</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770303.rdf
Name: particles_per_L
Units: count
Description: <p>Total number of particles larger than 0.5mm in diameter per liter number/liter</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770304.rdf
Name: bin_0_0_to_0_5
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 0 and 0.5mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770305.rdf
Name: bin_gt_0_5_to_1_0
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 0.5 and 1.0mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770306.rdf
Name: bin_gt_1_0_to_1_5
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 1.0 and 1.5mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770307.rdf
Name: bin_gt_1_5_to_2_0
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 1.5 and 2.0mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770308.rdf
Name: bin_gt_2_0_to_2_5
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 2.0 and 2.5mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770309.rdf
Name: bin_gt_2_5_to_3_0
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 2.5 and 3.0mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770310.rdf
Name: bin_gt_3_0_to_3_5
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 3.0 and 3.5mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770311.rdf
Name: bin_gt_3_5_to_4_0
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 3.5 and 4.0mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770312.rdf
Name: bin_gt_4_0_to_4_5
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter between 4.0 and 4.5mm in size</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/770313.rdf
Name: bin_gt_4_5
Units: count
Description: <p>Number of particles per liter number/liter larger than 4.5mm in size</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
641937
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24265/1/dataset-719478_ivars-marine-snow-profiles__v2.tsv
download
641937
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24231/1/dataset-719478_ivars-marine-snow-profiles__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.719478.1
download
onLine
dataset
Methodology:
A marine snow imaging system was lowered through the water column to acquire photographs of aggregates. The imaging system consisted of a collimated strobe system and either a 35-mm film camera (Lobsiger Deepslope 6000; Years 1 - 3) or a digital camera (Insite Pacific Scorpio; Year 4) mounted on an aluminum frame. The system was lowered at a rate of 10 m min-1 through the water column, acquiring ca. six images min-1 at an interval of ca. 1.7 m throughout the entire water column. Illumination was provided by a pair of strobe lights (Deep Sea Power and Light) positioned to produce an 8.4-cm deep beam of uniform, collimated light 66 or 79 cm from the camera lens (Fig. 2). Aggregates larger than 0.5 mm within this volume (3 - 15 L, depending on the camera, lens and resultant geometry) are quantified from images taken by a camera that is mounted perpendicular to the long axis of the light beam, which can subsequently be distinguished and quantified by digital analysis. Ambient light illuminates particles in front of and behind this light beam and invalidates the calculation of illuminated volume. Thus, profiles were obtained near local midnight whenever possible (24-h photoperiods occurred throughout all cruises) to minimize this interference; images with the frame visible, due to ambient light, were discarded. The depth of first aggregate counts ranged from 30 - 88 m (a function of water clarity and solar angle). A Sea-Bird SeaCat CTD and 25-cm SeaTech transmissometer mounted on the camera frame provided continuous measurements of temperature, salinity and optical transmission. These data were used to calculate the depth at which each image was acquired. All film (Tmax 400) and images were returned to the laboratory for processing except for short sections viewed at sea to assess camera operation. The films were developed and then digitized to JPG format either in house, using a Nikon camera and macro lens (3767 x 2368), or commercially (3544 x 2341).
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
The images were analyzed with Image Pro Plus, with a final resolution of the digitized images (2048 x 1536 pixels) of 4.2 pixels mm-1. Digital images were analyzed directly with a final resolution of 4.2 Pixels mm-1. To insure that the same portion of each image was analyzed, an area of Interest (AOI) was created within the region of maximum illumination. This AOI was positioned to the same location within each image before particles were counted.
BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:
* station information added to marine snow data from separate Excel spreadsheet.
* various date formats in the date column changed to ISO 8601 (yyyy-mm-dd)
* longitude was decimal degrees with directional (W E), corrected so longitude negative for W, positive for E.
* replaced comma in station comment with ; to better support export as csv format
* removed padded whitespaces
From originally submitted profiles in individual Excel sheets:
* copied and pasted contests of sheets (contained data by profile) into two separate tables to concatenate all the profiles together. Split into two "datasets" for marine snow and Phaeocystis ghost colonies.
* Some sheets in the original file had two separate tables in each of the sheets (for profiles that didn't have canister letter). Separate datasets made for particles per liter and ghost colonies.
* Changed column names so they could be imorted into BCO-DMO data system (column names can't start with number or contain > or - characters. e.g. column named "0.0 - 0.5" changed to "bin_0_0_to_0_5" and "> 2.5 - 3.0" changed to "bin_gt_2_5_to_3_0"
version 2 (2019-06-12) replaces version 1 (2019-05-28):
* The latitude and longitude maximum and minimum bounds updated. The latitude changed to negative values. The latitude and longitude in the dataset itself remain unchanged as they were accurate.
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Custom-built marine snow imaging system
Custom-built marine snow imaging system
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Custom-built marine snow imaging system PI Supplied Instrument Description:see methodology Instrument Name: Camera Instrument Short Name:camera Instrument Description: All types of photographic equipment including stills, video, film and digital systems. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/311/
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SEACAT Instrument Short Name:CTD SEACAT Instrument Description: The CTD SEACAT recorder is an instrument package manufactured by Sea-Bird Electronics. The first Sea-Bird SEACAT Recorder was the original SBE 16 SEACAT developed in 1987. There are several model numbers including the SBE 16plus (SEACAT C-T Recorder (P optional))and the SBE 19 (SBE 19plus SEACAT Profiler measures conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth)). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/350/
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Instrument Name: Sea Tech Transmissometer Instrument Short Name:Sea Tech Transmissometer Instrument Description: The Sea Tech Transmissometer can be deployed in either moored or profiling mode to estimate the concentration of suspended or particulate matter in seawater. The transmissometer measures the beam attenuation coefficient in the red spectral band (660 nm) of the laser lightsource over the instrument's path-length (e.g. 20 or 25 cm). This instrument designation is used when specific make and model are not known. The Sea Tech Transmissometer was manufactured by Sea Tech, Inc. (Corvalis, OR, USA). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0003/