http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/723191
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2018-01-11
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Phytoplankton diversity along with carbon and nitrogen uptake rates collected along the GO-SHIP IO9 repeat hydrography section of the Indian Ocean from R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR1604 from March to April 2016
2018-02-22
publication
2018-02-22
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2021-05-18
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.723191.2
Michael W. Lomas
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Benjamin Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Lomas, M. W., Twining, B. (2021) Phytoplankton diversity along with carbon and nitrogen uptake rates collected along the GO-SHIP IO9 repeat hydrography section of the Indian Ocean from R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR1604 from March to April 2016. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2018-02-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.723191.2 [access date]
Phytoplankton diversity along with carbon and nitrogen uptake rates along the GO-SHIP IO9 repeat hydrography section of the Indian Ocean Dataset Description: <p>Phytoplankton diversity along with carbon and nitrogen uptake rates from cruise RR1604 along the GO-SHIP IO9 repeat hydrography section of the Indian Ocean.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>All nutrient and cell count methodology is described in the published work coming out of this data set (see below).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Samples were initially collected with a CTD/Niskin rosette, as supplied by the ship.</p>
<p>Urea and total dissolved phosphorus (for calculation of dissolved organic phosphorus) were determined on a Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer. See Lomas et al. (2010) for a description of the latter.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Cell counts for heterotrophic bacteria and nanoplankton&nbsp;(&lt;20 um)&nbsp;cells were performed on a BD FACSJazz flow&nbsp;cytometer, using standard&nbsp;methods and 0.53 um bead stocks for reference material. Visualization of heterotrophic bacteria was performed with SYBR Green stain.</p>
<p>Biomass calculations were derived from flow cytometry data output, as per Casey et al. (2013).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Larger (&gt;20 um) autotrophs were enumerated on a FlowCam (Fluid Imagining Technologies).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Biomass and isotopic enrichment, used to calculate specific and absolute uptake rates, were assessed on a Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer, as operated by the Bigelow Analytical Services team.</p>
<p>Sample accuracy was assessed by using certified standards, for those measurements where standards are available. Certified standards were run with each analytical run and compared to long term control charts for respective analyses. For those analyses where there are no standards (e.g., flow cytometric cell counts) data were assessed for reasonableness based upon extensive experience of the PI’s.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1559021 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1559021
completed
Michael W. Lomas
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567 ext 311
60 Bigelow Drive PO Box 380
East Boothbay
ME
04544
United States
mlomas@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
Benjamin Twining
Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences
207-315-2567
60 Bigelow Drive PO Box 380
East Boothbay
ME
04544-0380
USA
btwining@bigelow.org
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 2
Unknown
station
latitude
longitude
depth
urea
DOP
chlorophyll_a
LNA_bacteria
HNA_bacteria
prochlorococcus
synechococcus
picoeukaryotes
nanoeukaryotes
bacteria_biomass
prochlorococcus_biomass
synechococcus_biomass
small_eukaryote_biomass
diatom_biomass
dinoflagellate_biomass
ciliate_biomass
other_large_phyto_biomass
NO3_V
NO3_V_std_dev
NO3_rho
NO3_rho_std_dev
NH4_V
NH4_V_std_dev
NH4_rho
NH4_rho_std_dev
urea_V
urea_V_std_dev
urea_rho
urea_rho_std_dev
C_V
C_V_std_dev
C_rho
C_rho_std_dev
CTD/Niskin rosette
BD FACSJazz flow cytometer
Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer
CTD/Niskin rosette
Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer
theme
None, User defined
station
latitude
longitude
depth
Urea
Dissolved Organic Phosphorus
chlorophyll a
bacterial abundance
prochlorococcus abundance
synechococcus abundance
pico_euks
nano eukaryotic phytoplankton
biomass_C
No BCO-DMO term
Urea uptake rate
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD - profiler
Flow Cytometer
Mass Spectrometer
Niskin bottle
Spectrophotometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
RR1604
service
Deployment Activity
Hydrographic line IO9, Indian Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Regional variation of phytoplankton diversity and biogeochemical functioning in the subtropical Indian Ocean
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/628972
Collaborative Research: Regional variation of phytoplankton diversity and biogeochemical functioning in the subtropical Indian Ocean
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
The Indian Ocean accounts for nearly a fifth of global ocean photosynthesis and is likely a key component in global ocean nutrient and carbon cycles. However, the Indian Ocean may be the least studied major marine body on the planet. Our limited understanding suggests extensive variations in physical and chemical environmental conditions, but how this variation influences biodiversity, nutrient stress, and more broadly regional differences in the functioning of phytoplankton is unknown. To help address these gaps, the investigators will conduct a study by joining an already-funded major research cruise to this region. It will cover a northern region with some of the highest temperatures recorded in open ocean waters, an area around 10°S of predicted (but not tested in situ) iron stress, and a southern subtropical gyre with unique nitrogen to phosphorous(or N:P) ratios. The focus of this project is to quantify and synthesize the interconnectedness of environmental conditions, phytoplankton diversity and genome content, and nutrient biogeochemistry, with the goal of understanding how these may lead to unique biogeochemical regions in Indian Ocean. The research will have broader impacts on many levels. First, it will increase public awareness of the role of phytoplankton on ocean functioning, climate, and people's lives through a new partnership with the Aquarium of the Pacific (AOP), which is the fourth most-attended aquarium in the nation. Secondly, the project will train a postdoctoral scholar as well as a graduate and undergraduate students. Third, the research will dramatically increase our basic knowledge ocean biogeochemistry and in many cases will be the first measurements of their kind made in the Indian Ocean.</p>
<p>This project will address two major questions: How do environmental conditions, phytoplankton diversity, phytoplankton physiology, and biogeochemistry vary across the central Indian Ocean? Are there distinct biogeochemical regimes in the central IO? The researchers hypothesize that environmental conditions, including the relative availability of nitrogen (N) and iron (Fe), lead to three distinct phytoplankton communities and biogeochemical regimes. They will employ a series of advanced analytical tools including high sensitivity measurements of dissolved and particulate nutrients (nitrogen, phosphorus, and iron), genomics, bioassays to test for nutrient stress, and cell-sorting of specific taxa followed by measures of nutrient content and uptake. A focus of this project is to quantify and synthesize the interconnectedness of environmental conditions, phytoplankton diversity and genome content, and nutrient biogeochemistry, and how these lead to unique biogeochemical regions in Indian Ocean. This extensive set of observations can ultimately be linked to ocean models and satellite data to provide a comprehensive view of regional differences in chemistry, biodiversity and phytoplankton biogeochemical functioning in the Indian Ocean.</p>
IO Phytoplankton
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
Hydrographic line IO9, Indian Ocean
87.07
95
-28.31
17
2018-02-22
GO-SHIP IO9N transect: 20S 95E to 20N 95E
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Phytoplankton diversity along with carbon and nitrogen uptake rates collected along the GO-SHIP IO9 repeat hydrography section of the Indian Ocean from R/V Roger Revelle cruise RR1604 from March to April 2016
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723289.rdf
Name: station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723290.rdf
Name: latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Station latitude; positive values = North</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723291.rdf
Name: longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Station longitude; positive values = East</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723292.rdf
Name: depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Sample depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723293.rdf
Name: urea
Units: micromoles per liter (umol L-1)
Description: <p>Urea concentration. BD = below detection (the detection limit for the urea method is 0.01 umol L-1).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723294.rdf
Name: DOP
Units: micromoles per liter (umol L-1)
Description: <p>Dissolved organic phosphorus concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723295.rdf
Name: chlorophyll_a
Units: milligrams per cubic meter (mg m-3)
Description: <p>Chlorophyll a</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723296.rdf
Name: LNA_bacteria
Units: cells per milliliter (cells ml-1)
Description: <p>Count of low-nucleic acid heterotrophic bacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723297.rdf
Name: HNA_bacteria
Units: cells per milliliter (cells ml-1)
Description: <p>Count of high-nucleic acid heterotrophic bacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723298.rdf
Name: prochlorococcus
Units: cells per milliliter (cells ml-1)
Description: <p>Count of Prochlorococcus cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723299.rdf
Name: synechococcus
Units: cells per milliliter (cells ml-1)
Description: <p>Count of Synechococcus cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723300.rdf
Name: picoeukaryotes
Units: cells per milliliter (cells ml-1)
Description: <p>Count of picoeukaryote (<3 um) cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723301.rdf
Name: nanoeukaryotes
Units: cells per milliliter (cells ml-1)
Description: <p>Count of nanoeukaryote (3-20 um) cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723302.rdf
Name: bacteria_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Biomass of all bacteria</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723303.rdf
Name: prochlorococcus_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of Prochlorococcus cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723304.rdf
Name: synechococcus_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of Synechococcus cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723305.rdf
Name: small_eukaryote_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of picoeukaryote and nanoeukaryote cells</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723306.rdf
Name: diatom_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of diatoms</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723307.rdf
Name: dinoflagellate_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of dinoflagellates</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723308.rdf
Name: ciliate_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of ciliates</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723309.rdf
Name: other_large_phyto_biomass
Units: micrograms carbon per liter (ug C L-1)
Description: <p>Carbon content of >20 um phytoplankton not included in other categories</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723310.rdf
Name: NO3_V
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Nitrate specific uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723311.rdf
Name: NO3_V_std_dev
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of NO3_V</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723312.rdf
Name: NO3_rho
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Nitrate absolute uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723313.rdf
Name: NO3_rho_std_dev
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>standard deviation of NO3_rho</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723314.rdf
Name: NH4_V
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Ammonium specific uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723315.rdf
Name: NH4_V_std_dev
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of NH4_V</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723316.rdf
Name: NH4_rho
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Ammonium absolute uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723317.rdf
Name: NH4_rho_std_dev
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of NH4_rho</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723318.rdf
Name: urea_V
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Urea specific uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723319.rdf
Name: urea_V_std_dev
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of urea V</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723320.rdf
Name: urea_rho
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Urea absolute uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/723321.rdf
Name: urea_rho_std_dev
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of urea rho</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/728211.rdf
Name: C_V
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Bicarbonate specific uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/728212.rdf
Name: C_V_std_dev
Units: per hour (h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of Bicarbonate specific uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/728213.rdf
Name: C_rho
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Bicarbonate absolute uptake</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/728214.rdf
Name: C_rho_std_dev
Units: nanomoles per liter per hour (nmol N L-1 h-1)
Description: <p>Standard deviation of C rho</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
10231
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/27126/1/dataset-723191_io-phytoplankton__v2.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.723191.2
download
onLine
dataset
<p>All nutrient and cell count methodology is described in the published work coming out of this data set (see below).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Samples were initially collected with a CTD/Niskin rosette, as supplied by the ship.</p>
<p>Urea and total dissolved phosphorus (for calculation of dissolved organic phosphorus) were determined on a Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer. See Lomas et al. (2010) for a description of the latter.&nbsp;</p>
<p>Cell counts for heterotrophic bacteria and nanoplankton&nbsp;(&lt;20 um)&nbsp;cells were performed on a BD FACSJazz flow&nbsp;cytometer, using standard&nbsp;methods and 0.53 um bead stocks for reference material. Visualization of heterotrophic bacteria was performed with SYBR Green stain.</p>
<p>Biomass calculations were derived from flow cytometry data output, as per Casey et al. (2013).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Larger (&gt;20 um) autotrophs were enumerated on a FlowCam (Fluid Imagining Technologies).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Biomass and isotopic enrichment, used to calculate specific and absolute uptake rates, were assessed on a Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer, as operated by the Bigelow Analytical Services team.</p>
<p>Sample accuracy was assessed by using certified standards, for those measurements where standards are available. Certified standards were run with each analytical run and compared to long term control charts for respective analyses. For those analyses where there are no standards (e.g., flow cytometric cell counts) data were assessed for reasonableness based upon extensive experience of the PI’s.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Data processing was performed using mostly Microsoft Excel. Further statistical analyses and graphing were performed with SigmaPlot. All samples collected are included in the report. Any occurences of "nd" in the data mean those samples were not collected.&nbsp;</p>
<p>BCO-DMO Processing:<br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming convetions (removed units, replaced spaces with underscores);<br />
- replaced blank cells with "nd" ("no data").</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
CTD/Niskin rosette
CTD/Niskin rosette
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD/Niskin rosette Instrument Name: CTD - profiler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) unit is an integrated instrument package designed to measure the conductivity, temperature, and pressure (depth) of the water column. The instrument is lowered via cable through the water column. It permits scientists to observe the physical properties in real-time via a conducting cable, which is typically connected to a CTD to a deck unit and computer on a ship. The CTD is often configured with additional optional sensors including fluorometers, transmissometers and/or radiometers. It is often combined with a Rosette of water sampling bottles (e.g. Niskin, GO-FLO) for collecting discrete water samples during the cast.
This term applies to profiling CTDs. For fixed CTDs, see https://www.bco-dmo.org/instrument/869934. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/130/
BD FACSJazz flow cytometer
BD FACSJazz flow cytometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: BD FACSJazz flow cytometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Cell counts for heterotrophic bacteria smaller ( Instrument Name: Flow Cytometer Instrument Short Name:Flow Cytometer Instrument Description: Flow cytometers (FC or FCM) are automated instruments that quantitate properties of single cells, one cell at a time. They can measure cell size, cell granularity, the amounts of cell components such as total DNA, newly synthesized DNA, gene expression as the amount messenger RNA for a particular gene, amounts of specific surface receptors, amounts of intracellular proteins, or transient signalling events in living cells.
(from: http://www.bio.umass.edu/micro/immunology/facs542/facswhat.htm) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB37/
Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer
Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Biomass and isotopic enrichment, used to calculate specific and absolute uptake rates, were assessed on a Thermo Finnegan Delta V mass spectrometer, as operated by the Bigelow Analytical Services team. Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
CTD/Niskin rosette
CTD/Niskin rosette
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD/Niskin rosette Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer
Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Urea and total dissolved phosphorus (for calculation of dissolved organic phosphorus) were determined on a Thermo Scientific Genesys 10UV spectrophotometer. Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/
Cruise: RR1604
RR1604
R/V Roger Revelle
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Roger Revelle
vessel
R/V Roger Revelle
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Roger Revelle
vessel