http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/732078
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2018-03-26
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
C and N isotope data for individual amino acids from fossil seals from the western Ross Sea, Antarctica
2018-03-26
publication
2018-03-26
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2022-08-22
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.732078.1
Brenda Hall
University of Maine
principalInvestigator
Paul L. Koch
University of California-Santa Cruz
principalInvestigator
Daniel P. Costa
University of California-Santa Cruz
principalInvestigator
A. Rus Hoelzel
Durham University
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Hall, B., Koch, P. L., Costa, D. P., Hoelzel, A. R. (2022) C and N isotope data for individual amino acids from fossil seals from the western Ross Sea, Antarctica. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2018-03-26 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.732078.1 [access date]
C and N isotope data for individual amino acids from fossil seals from the western Ross Sea, Antarctica Dataset Description: <p><strong>These data are published and discussed in:</strong><br />
Brault, E. (2017). An Examination of the Ecological and Oceanographic Effects of Mid-to-Late Holocene Climate Changes on the Ross Sea Ecosystem. UC Santa Cruz. ProQuest ID: Brault_ucsc_0036E_11435. Merritt ID: ark:/13030/m5dg1n5d. Retrieved from&nbsp;<a href="https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99s5j3fk" target="_blank">https://escholarship.org/uc/item/99s5j3fk</a></p> Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sample collection:</strong><br />
Fossil seal samples were collected during the austral summers of 2005/06, 2006/07, 2012/13, and 2013/14 in Antarctica in the Dry Valleys and along the Victoria Land Coast (especially Inexpressible Island on Terra Nova Bay), Antarctica. Since this region experiences unusually dry and cold conditions, carcasses and bones are well-preserved, potentially for several thousand years, and therefore have unchanged isotopic compositions in most cases. The sampled species were crabeater, Weddell, leopard, and southern elephant seals. Latitude and longitude of each specimen was recorded and several photographs were taken of each specimen. Bone and carcass weathering states were determined. Several samples were gathered from the specimens. Most commonly, bone was collected, followed by skin and fur; nails, teeth, and whiskers were not frequently available for sampling, but taken when possible. Samples were collected with ethanol-cleaned tools, stored in Whirl-Pak bags, and refrigerated (~4 °C) when we returned from the field.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Species identification and radiocarbon analysis:</strong><br />
When possible, species identification of each specimen was conducted in the field via examination of teeth or bones with features unique to the four pinniped species. Additionally, the team at the University of Durham in the United Kingdom extracted and analyzed DNA from many specimens (described in <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/732524" target="_blank">Fossil Seal Bulk Isotopes 14C</a>) to confirm or establish the species identification. Full details on radiocarbon dating are supplied in that sheet as well.</p>
<p><strong>Sample preparation for compound-specific isotope analyses:</strong><br />
Preparation of bone samples was based on established procedures and by preliminary method testing in the lab (DeNiro 1987, Ambrose 1990). Bone fragments (50 -100 mg) were weighed into a vial (BD Falcon 15 mL centrifuge tubes, polypropylene) and acidified (to remove bone mineral, sedimentary carbonates, and fulvic acids) by the addition of 5 mL HCl (0.5 M) at room temperature. The acid was removed approximately three days later. If the samples did not appear completely decalcified (i.e., remains inflexible), a fresh aliquot of acid was added every 24 hours until the bone was decalcified, leaving behind bone collagen. Upon decalcification, the collagen was rinsed five times with Milli-Q water (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), neutralizing the sample, and 5 mL NaOH (0.1 M) was added to the samples, which were then kept at room temperature, further purifying the bone collagen by removing humic acids. A fresh aliquot of 0.1 M NaOH was added to the sample every 24 hours until the sample was nearly white. Again, the material was rinsed five times with Milli-Q water; then, it was refrigerated until the lipid extraction procedure. Lipids were removed via an accelerated solvent extraction with 100% petroleum ether (Dionex ASE 200 Accelerated Solvent Extractor: 1500 psi; 60°C; 3 cycles).</p>
<p>Bone was the most common sample type available. As it integrates diet over the largest period among the sample types collected (i.e., much of the animal’s lifespan), we analyzed bone from each specimen when available (<em>n</em> = 621). Hair (fur, whisker) samples were analyzed from specimens if no bone had been collected (<em>n</em> = 34). For some specimens (<em>n </em>= 18), both bone and fur were analyzed to determine the isotopic offset between these different tissues. We were unable to develop a protein purification method for skin samples to achieve reliable bulk isotope values, though skin values that yielded plausible C:N ratios are reported, some of which are for comparison to bone values (<em>n</em> = 17).</p>
<p>Hair samples, between 10 and 20 hairs with their follicles removed, were prepared for isotopic analysis by first washing with Milli-Q water. Then, lipids were removed via three rinses with petroleum ether in an ultrasonic bath (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) for 15 minutes each time, and other exogenous material was eliminated with alternating treatments of acid (0.5 M HCl) and base (0.1 M NaOH) until the solution was clear. After each acid or base treatment, five rinses with Milli-Q water were performed. Skin samples were treated similarly.</p>
<p><strong>Compound-specific isotope analysis:</strong><br />
CSIA was performed at UC Santa Cruz via gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). Amino acid δ<sup>15</sup>N analysis was performed on 12, 22, and 11 subfossil specimens of crabeater, Weddell, and southern elephant seals, respectively. For crabeater, Weddell, and southern elephant seals, amino acid δ<sup>13</sup>C measurements were conducted on 4, 3, and 4 fossil specimens, correspondingly. No amino acid isotope analyses were performed on leopard seals.</p>
<p>All samples were prepared for GC-IRMS analysis using the method described in detail by McCarthy et al. (2007), Hannides et al. (2009), and McCarthy et al. (2013). In brief, samples were hydrolyzed (6 N HCl for 20 hr at 110 C), purified using cation-exchange chromatography, turned into trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) derivatives, further purified via solvent extraction with a 3.5 mL chloroform and 2 mL P-buffer (KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;+ Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;in Milli-Q water, pH 7) solution, and re-derivatized. Samples were stored in a -20 °C freezer in a 1:3 TFAA:DCM (methylene chloride) mixture until the day of instrumental analysis. Immediately before the analysis, the TFAA:DCM mixture was evaporated under N<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;and samples were diluted in ethyl acetate.</p>
<p>The amino acid N and C isotope compositions of all samples were determined with a Thermo Trace GC coupled to a Thermo-Finnigan Delta<sup>Plus</sup>&nbsp;XP isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometer (oxidation furnace at 980 ºC (N) or 940 ºC (C) and reduction furnace at 650 ºC (N) or 630 ºC (C)). The column used for δ<sup>15</sup>N analyses was a SGE Analytical Science BPX5 column 60 m by 0.32 mm with a 1 µm film thickness. An Agilent DB-5 column 50 m by 0.32 mm with a 0.52 µm film thickness was used for δ<sup>13</sup>C analyses. The injector temperature was 250 ºC with a split He flow of 2 mL/min. The GC temperature program for δ<sup>15</sup>N analysis was: initial temp = 70 ºC hold for 1 min; ramp 1 = 10 ºC /min to 185 ºC, hold for 2 min; ramp 2 = 2 ºC/min to 200 ºC, hold for 10 min; ramp 3 = 30 ºC/min to 300 ºC, hold for 6 min. The GC temperature program for δ<sup>13</sup>C analysis was: initial temp = 75 ºC hold for 2 min; ramp 1 = 4 ºC /min to 90 ºC, hold for 4 min; ramp 2 = 4 ºC/min to 185 ºC, hold for 5 min; ramp 3 = 10 ºC/min to 250 ºC, hold for 2 min; ramp 4 = 20 ºC/min to 300 ºC, hold for 5 min. Directly measured amino acid δ<sup>15</sup>N values were corrected via bracketing external standards, described in McCarthy et al. (2013), while amino acid δ<sup>13</sup>C values were determined from the measured values of amino acid derivatives following the approach of Silfer et al. (1991). The δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values of 11 amino acids could be quantified for most samples: alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly), threonine (Thr), serine (Ser), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), Pro, aspartic acid + asparagine (Asp), glutamic acid + glutamine (Glu), phenylalanine (Phe), and lysine (Lys).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1141849 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1141849
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1142108 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1142108
completed
Brenda Hall
University of Maine
207-581-2191
School of Earth and Climate Sciences 5790 Bryand Global Sciences Center
Orono
ME
04469
US
brendah@maine.edu
pointOfContact
Paul L. Koch
University of California-Santa Cruz
831-234-9437
1156 High Street
Santa Cruz
CA
95064-1077
USA
plkoch@ucsc.edu
pointOfContact
Daniel P. Costa
University of California-Santa Cruz
831-459-2786
Dept. of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Ocean Health Building 100 Shaffer Road
Santa Cruz
CA
95060
USA
costa@ucsc.edu
pointOfContact
A. Rus Hoelzel
Durham University
44-0-191-3341325
Dept. of Biosciences, Durham University Stockton Road
Durham DH1 3LE
UK
a.r.hoelzel@durham.ac.uk
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Common_name
Scientific_name
WoRMS_LSID
AphiaID
Sample_ID
Region
Latitude
Longitude
Geologic_age
Age_class
Gender
Sample_type
Amino_acid
d13C
C_std_dev
C_Number_of_injections
d15N
N_std_dev
N_Number_of_injections
GC-IRMS
theme
None, User defined
common_name
taxon
Life Science Identifier (LSID)
taxon_code
sample identification
site description
latitude
longitude
carbon-14 age dating
ageclass
sex
sample type
amino acid name
d13C measured in biota
number
d15N measured in biota
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Exploring the Vulnerability of Southern Ocean Pinnipeds to Climate Change - An Integrated Approach
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/726874
Collaborative Research: Exploring the Vulnerability of Southern Ocean Pinnipeds to Climate Change - An Integrated Approach
<p><em>NSF abstract:</em><br />
Building on previously funded NSF research, the use of paleobiological and paleogenetic data from mummified elephant seal carcasses found along the Dry Valleys and Victoria Land Coast in areas that today are too cold to support seal colonies (Mirougina leonina; southern elephant seals; SES) supports the former existence of these seals in this region. The occurrence and then subsequent disappearance of these SES colonies is consistent with major shifts in the Holocene climate to much colder conditions at the last ~1000 years BCE).</p>
<p>Further analysis of the preserved remains of three other abundant pinnipeds ? crabeater (Lobodon carciophagus), Weddell (Leptonychotes weddelli) and leopard (Hydrurga leptonyx) will be studied to track changes in their population size (revealed by DNA analysis) and their diet (studied via stable isotope analysis). Combined with known differences in life history, preferred ice habitat and ecosystem sensitivity among these species, this paleoclimate proxy data will be used to assess their exposure and sensitivity to climate change in the Ross Sea region during the past ~1-2,000 years</p>
Southern Ocean Pinnipeds
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
161.09006
164.34901
-78.10131
-74.89502
2005-01-01
2014-12-31
McMurdo Dry Valleys Region; Royal Society Range, Victoria Land Coast , Antarctic Peninsula, Amundsen Sea, Ross Sea
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from C and N isotope data for individual amino acids from fossil seals from the western Ross Sea, Antarctica
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732187.rdf
Name: Common_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Common name of the seal</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732188.rdf
Name: Scientific_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Scientific name (genus and species) of the seal</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732189.rdf
Name: WoRMS_LSID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Life Science Identifier (LSID) assigned to the species by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS; <a href="http://www.marinespecies.org/">http://www.marinespecies.org/</a>)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732190.rdf
Name: AphiaID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS; <a href="http://www.marinespecies.org/">http://www.marinespecies.org/</a>) species identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732191.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sample identification code</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732192.rdf
Name: Region
Units: unitless
Description: <p>General location of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732193.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude of sample collection (negative values = south)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732194.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude of sample collection (negative values = west; positive values = east)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732195.rdf
Name: Geologic_age
Units: years before present (1950)
Description: <p>Calendar years before present; determined by AMS 14C dating</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732196.rdf
Name: Age_class
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Age class of the specimen (juvenile, subadult, adult)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732197.rdf
Name: Gender
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sex of the specimen (male, female, nd)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732198.rdf
Name: Sample_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Description of the type of tissue analyzed (bone, skin, skin/fur)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732199.rdf
Name: Amino_acid
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Amino acid analyzed</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732200.rdf
Name: d13C
Units: permil (‰), V-PDB
Description: <p>Stable carbon isotope value</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732201.rdf
Name: C_std_dev
Units: permil (‰), V-PDB
Description: <p>Standard deviation of d13C values</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732202.rdf
Name: C_Number_of_injections
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of sample injections on GC-IRMS</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732203.rdf
Name: d15N
Units: permil (‰), AIR
Description: <p>Stable nitrogen isotope value</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732204.rdf
Name: N_std_dev
Units: permil (‰), AIR
Description: <p>Standard deviation of d15N values</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/732205.rdf
Name: N_Number_of_injections
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Number of sample injections on GC-IRMS</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
104927
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/29243/1/dataset-732078_fossil-seal-amino-acid-isotopes__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.732078.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sample collection:</strong><br />
Fossil seal samples were collected during the austral summers of 2005/06, 2006/07, 2012/13, and 2013/14 in Antarctica in the Dry Valleys and along the Victoria Land Coast (especially Inexpressible Island on Terra Nova Bay), Antarctica. Since this region experiences unusually dry and cold conditions, carcasses and bones are well-preserved, potentially for several thousand years, and therefore have unchanged isotopic compositions in most cases. The sampled species were crabeater, Weddell, leopard, and southern elephant seals. Latitude and longitude of each specimen was recorded and several photographs were taken of each specimen. Bone and carcass weathering states were determined. Several samples were gathered from the specimens. Most commonly, bone was collected, followed by skin and fur; nails, teeth, and whiskers were not frequently available for sampling, but taken when possible. Samples were collected with ethanol-cleaned tools, stored in Whirl-Pak bags, and refrigerated (~4 °C) when we returned from the field.&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Species identification and radiocarbon analysis:</strong><br />
When possible, species identification of each specimen was conducted in the field via examination of teeth or bones with features unique to the four pinniped species. Additionally, the team at the University of Durham in the United Kingdom extracted and analyzed DNA from many specimens (described in <a href="https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/732524" target="_blank">Fossil Seal Bulk Isotopes 14C</a>) to confirm or establish the species identification. Full details on radiocarbon dating are supplied in that sheet as well.</p>
<p><strong>Sample preparation for compound-specific isotope analyses:</strong><br />
Preparation of bone samples was based on established procedures and by preliminary method testing in the lab (DeNiro 1987, Ambrose 1990). Bone fragments (50 -100 mg) were weighed into a vial (BD Falcon 15 mL centrifuge tubes, polypropylene) and acidified (to remove bone mineral, sedimentary carbonates, and fulvic acids) by the addition of 5 mL HCl (0.5 M) at room temperature. The acid was removed approximately three days later. If the samples did not appear completely decalcified (i.e., remains inflexible), a fresh aliquot of acid was added every 24 hours until the bone was decalcified, leaving behind bone collagen. Upon decalcification, the collagen was rinsed five times with Milli-Q water (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.), neutralizing the sample, and 5 mL NaOH (0.1 M) was added to the samples, which were then kept at room temperature, further purifying the bone collagen by removing humic acids. A fresh aliquot of 0.1 M NaOH was added to the sample every 24 hours until the sample was nearly white. Again, the material was rinsed five times with Milli-Q water; then, it was refrigerated until the lipid extraction procedure. Lipids were removed via an accelerated solvent extraction with 100% petroleum ether (Dionex ASE 200 Accelerated Solvent Extractor: 1500 psi; 60°C; 3 cycles).</p>
<p>Bone was the most common sample type available. As it integrates diet over the largest period among the sample types collected (i.e., much of the animal’s lifespan), we analyzed bone from each specimen when available (<em>n</em> = 621). Hair (fur, whisker) samples were analyzed from specimens if no bone had been collected (<em>n</em> = 34). For some specimens (<em>n </em>= 18), both bone and fur were analyzed to determine the isotopic offset between these different tissues. We were unable to develop a protein purification method for skin samples to achieve reliable bulk isotope values, though skin values that yielded plausible C:N ratios are reported, some of which are for comparison to bone values (<em>n</em> = 17).</p>
<p>Hair samples, between 10 and 20 hairs with their follicles removed, were prepared for isotopic analysis by first washing with Milli-Q water. Then, lipids were removed via three rinses with petroleum ether in an ultrasonic bath (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Inc.) for 15 minutes each time, and other exogenous material was eliminated with alternating treatments of acid (0.5 M HCl) and base (0.1 M NaOH) until the solution was clear. After each acid or base treatment, five rinses with Milli-Q water were performed. Skin samples were treated similarly.</p>
<p><strong>Compound-specific isotope analysis:</strong><br />
CSIA was performed at UC Santa Cruz via gas chromatography-isotope ratio mass spectrometry (GC-IRMS). Amino acid δ<sup>15</sup>N analysis was performed on 12, 22, and 11 subfossil specimens of crabeater, Weddell, and southern elephant seals, respectively. For crabeater, Weddell, and southern elephant seals, amino acid δ<sup>13</sup>C measurements were conducted on 4, 3, and 4 fossil specimens, correspondingly. No amino acid isotope analyses were performed on leopard seals.</p>
<p>All samples were prepared for GC-IRMS analysis using the method described in detail by McCarthy et al. (2007), Hannides et al. (2009), and McCarthy et al. (2013). In brief, samples were hydrolyzed (6 N HCl for 20 hr at 110 C), purified using cation-exchange chromatography, turned into trifluoroacetic anhydride (TFAA) derivatives, further purified via solvent extraction with a 3.5 mL chloroform and 2 mL P-buffer (KH<sub>2</sub>PO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;+ Na<sub>2</sub>HPO<sub>4</sub>&nbsp;in Milli-Q water, pH 7) solution, and re-derivatized. Samples were stored in a -20 °C freezer in a 1:3 TFAA:DCM (methylene chloride) mixture until the day of instrumental analysis. Immediately before the analysis, the TFAA:DCM mixture was evaporated under N<sub>2</sub>&nbsp;and samples were diluted in ethyl acetate.</p>
<p>The amino acid N and C isotope compositions of all samples were determined with a Thermo Trace GC coupled to a Thermo-Finnigan Delta<sup>Plus</sup>&nbsp;XP isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometer (oxidation furnace at 980 ºC (N) or 940 ºC (C) and reduction furnace at 650 ºC (N) or 630 ºC (C)). The column used for δ<sup>15</sup>N analyses was a SGE Analytical Science BPX5 column 60 m by 0.32 mm with a 1 µm film thickness. An Agilent DB-5 column 50 m by 0.32 mm with a 0.52 µm film thickness was used for δ<sup>13</sup>C analyses. The injector temperature was 250 ºC with a split He flow of 2 mL/min. The GC temperature program for δ<sup>15</sup>N analysis was: initial temp = 70 ºC hold for 1 min; ramp 1 = 10 ºC /min to 185 ºC, hold for 2 min; ramp 2 = 2 ºC/min to 200 ºC, hold for 10 min; ramp 3 = 30 ºC/min to 300 ºC, hold for 6 min. The GC temperature program for δ<sup>13</sup>C analysis was: initial temp = 75 ºC hold for 2 min; ramp 1 = 4 ºC /min to 90 ºC, hold for 4 min; ramp 2 = 4 ºC/min to 185 ºC, hold for 5 min; ramp 3 = 10 ºC/min to 250 ºC, hold for 2 min; ramp 4 = 20 ºC/min to 300 ºC, hold for 5 min. Directly measured amino acid δ<sup>15</sup>N values were corrected via bracketing external standards, described in McCarthy et al. (2013), while amino acid δ<sup>13</sup>C values were determined from the measured values of amino acid derivatives following the approach of Silfer et al. (1991). The δ<sup>15</sup>N and δ<sup>13</sup>C values of 11 amino acids could be quantified for most samples: alanine (Ala), glycine (Gly), threonine (Thr), serine (Ser), valine (Val), leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), Pro, aspartic acid + asparagine (Asp), glutamic acid + glutamine (Glu), phenylalanine (Phe), and lysine (Lys).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing</strong>:<br />
-modified parameter names (replaced spaces with underscores);<br />
-added the LSID and AphiaID from WoRMS;<br />
-sorted data by Common_name;<br />
-replaced spaces with underscores in all columns.<br />
&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
GC-IRMS
GC-IRMS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: GC-IRMS PI Supplied Instrument Description:The amino acid N and C isotope compositions of all samples were determined with a Thermo Trace GC coupled to a Thermo-Finnigan DeltaPlus XP isotope-ratio-monitoring mass spectrometer. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/