Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

This water chemistry data set includes water temperature, salinity, and pH of all 24 experimental aquaria measured every other day throughout the 93-day ocean acidification and warming experiment. Additionally, the data include the measured (temperature, salinity, total alkalinity, and dissolved inorganic carbon) and calculated (Dissolved CO2, carbonate ion concentration, bicarbonate ion concentration], pCO2, aragonite saturation state, and pH) carbonate parameters from water samples taken every 10 days during the experiment. These data were used to determine the experimental conditions of each treatment that the corals were exposed to. These data are presented in Bove et al (2019).

Related datasets:
OA and temp experiment - coral growth: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/735583
OA and temp experiment - survival: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/735609

Temperature, salinity, and pH measurements were conducted every other day throughout the experimental period. Temperature was measured using a high precision partial-immersion glass thermometer (precision ±0.3%; accuracy ±0.4%). Salinity (±SD) was measured using a YSI 3200 conductivity meter and maintained at 31.7 (±0.2), with slight natural seasonal variation as expected in Massachusetts Bay waters. A pH probe calibrated with 7.00 and 10.01 NBS buffers kept at experimental temperatures was used to measure pH in each tank. Water samples were taken from each tank every ten days around 13:00 Eastern Time using 250 mL ground-glass-stoppered borosilicate glass bottles for analysis of total alkalinity (TA) and dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC). TA and DIC were measured via coulometry and closed-cell potentiometric Gran titration, respectively calibrated with certified Dickson DIC/TA standards. Dissolved CO2 ([CO2 (SW)]), carbonate ion concentration [CO32–], bicarbonate ion concentration [HCO3–], pCO2, aragonite saturation state, and pH of the seawater from all treatments were calculated from measured temperature, salinity, DIC, and TA using CO2SYS (Pierrot et al, 2006) with Roy et al. (1993) carbonic acid constants K1 and K2 and NBS (mol kg–1 H2O) pH scale.

CO2SYS v2.1 was used to calculate carbonate parameters. http://cdiac.ess-dive.lbl.gov/ftp/co2sys/

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- reduced decimal precision of 'sal' from 8 to 3
- reformatted date from d-Mon-yy to yyyy-mm-dd

Description from NSF award abstract:
Rising global ocean surface temperatures have reduced coral growth rates, thereby negatively impacting the health of coral reef ecosystems worldwide. Recent studies on tropical reef building corals reveal that corals' growth in response to ocean warming may be influenced by their previous seawater temperature exposure - their thermal history. Although these recent findings highlight significant variability in coral growth in response to climate change, uncertainty remains as to the spatial scale at which corals' thermal history influences how they have responded to ocean warming and how they will likely respond to predicted future increases in ocean temperature. This study investigates the influence of thermal history on coral growth in response to recent and predicted seawater temperatures increases across four ecologically relevant spatial scales ranging from reef ecosystems, to reef communities, to reef populations, to an individual coral colony. By understanding how corals have responded in the past across a range of ecological scales, the Principal Investigator will be able to improve the ability to predict their susceptibility and resilience, which could then be applied to coral reef conservation in the face of climate change. This research project will broaden the participation of undergraduates from underrepresented groups and educate public radio listeners using minority voices and narratives. The scientist will leverage current and new partnerships to recruit and train minority undergraduates, thus allowing them to engage high school students near field sites in Florida, Belize, and Panama. Through peer advising, undergraduates will document this research on a digital news site for dissemination to the public. The voice of the undergraduates and scientist will ground the production of a public radio feature exploring the topic of acclimatization and resilience - a capacity for stress tolerance within coral reef ecosystems. This project will provide a postdoctoral researcher and several graduate students with opportunities for field and laboratory research training, teaching and mentoring, and professional development. The results will allow policy makers from Florida, the Mesoamerican Barrier Reef System countries, and several Central American countries to benefit from Caribbean-scale inferences that incorporate corals' physiological abilities, thereby improving coral reef management for the region.

Coral reefs are at significant risk due to a variety of local and global scale anthropogenic stressors. Although various stressors contribute to the observed decline in coral reef health, recent studies highlight rising seawater temperatures due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration as one of the most significant stressors influencing coral growth rates. However, there is increasing recognition of problems of scale since a coral's growth response to an environmental stressor may be conditional on the scale of description. This research will investigate the following research questions: (1) How has seawater temperature on reef ecosystems (Florida Keys Reef Tract, USA; Belize Barrier Reef System, Belize; and Bocas Del Toro Reef Complex, Panama), reef communities (inshore and offshore reefs), reef populations (individual reefs), and near reef colonies (individual colonies), varied in the past? (2) How has seawater temperature influenced rates of coral growth and how does the seawater temperature-coral growth relationship vary across these four ecological spatial scales? (3) Does the seawater temperature-coral growth relationship forecast rates of coral growth under predicted end-of-century ocean warming at the four ecological spatial scales? Long term sea surface temperature records and small-scale high-resolution in situ seawater temperature measurements will be compared with growth chronologies for the reef building corals Siderastrea siderea and Orbicella faveolata, two keystone species ubiquitously distributed throughout the Caribbean Sea. Nutrients and irradiance will be quantified via satellite-derived observations, in situ measurements, and established colorimetric protocols. Field and laboratory experiments will be combined to examine seawater temperature-coral growth relationships under recent and predicted end-of-century ocean warming at four ecologically relevant spatial scales. The findings of this study will help us bridge the temperature-coral growth response gap across ecologically relevant spatial scales and thus improve our understanding of how corals have responded to recent warming. This will lead to more meaningful predictions about future coral growth response to climate change.