http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/737163
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2018-05-18
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Primary productivity measurements for the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) program from October 1988 to December 2024 at Station ALOHA
2026-04-10
publication
2026-04-10
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-12-10
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737163.1
Angelicque E. White
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
David M. Karl
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: White, A. E., Karl, D. M., Fujieki, L. A. (2025) Primary productivity measurements for the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) program from October 1988 to December 2023 at Station ALOHA. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 4) Version Date 2025-04-11 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.737163.4 [access date]
Primary productivity measurements from the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) Dataset Description: <p>The <sup>14</sup>C-radiotracer method is used to measure the assimilation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by phytoplankton as an estimate of the rate of photosynthetic production of organic matter in the euphotic zone. These data are from monthly measurements of primary production collection at Station ALOHA as part of the HOT Time Series program</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>The 14C-radiotracer method is used to measure the assimilation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by phytoplankton as an estimate of the rate of photosynthetic production of organic matter in the euphotic zone. Beginning July 1989 (HOT-008), all incubations were conducted<em>&nbsp;in situ&nbsp;</em>on a free-floating, surface tethered array. All incubations from 1990 through mid-2000 were conducted in situ at eight depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 m) over one daylight period using a free-drifting array as described by Winn et al. (1991). Starting October 2000 (HOT-119), samples were&nbsp;collected&nbsp;from only the upper six depths while the lower two depths were modeled based on the monthly climatology. Integrated carbon assimilation rates were calculated using the trapezoid rule with the shallowest value extended to 0 meters and the deepest extrapolated to a value of zero at 200 meters.</p>
<p>A summary of methodology is listed below.&nbsp;Full details can be found at the HOT&nbsp;Field &amp; Laboratory Protocols page (https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html?Chapter=14) or below in Related Publications section (Karl et al.)</p>
<p><strong>1. Principle</strong><br />
The <sup>14</sup>C method, originally devised by Steeman-Nielsen (1952), is used to estimate the uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by photoautotrophic microorganisms&nbsp;in the water column. The method is based on the fact that the biological uptake of&nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C-labeled DIC is proportional to the biological uptake of <sup>12</sup>C-DIC. If one knows the initial concentration of DIC in a water sample, the DIC pool specific radioactivity (<sup>14</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C), the <sup>14</sup>C retained in particulate matter (<sup>14</sup>C-POC) at the end of the incubation and the metabolic discrimination between the two isotopes of carbon (i.e., 6% discrimination against the heavier <sup>14</sup>C isotope), then it is possible to estimate the total uptake of carbon from the following relationship:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; DIC * <sup>14</sup>C-POC * 1.06<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C uptake&nbsp; =&nbsp; &nbsp; -----------------------------<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C-DIC added&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>2. Precautions</strong><br />
Due to the potentially toxic effects of trace metals on phytoplankton metabolism in oligotrophic waters, the following procedure is used to minimize the contact between water samples and possible sources of contamination. Trace metal grade HCl (i.e. FisherScientific)&nbsp;solution (1M) is prepared with high purity hydrochloric acid and deionized water (DIW). Polycarbonate bottles (500 ml) are&nbsp;rinsed twice with trace metal grade 1M HCl and left overnight filled with the same acid solution. The acid is discarded and the bottles are rinsed at least three times with DIW before air drying in a clean environment.<br />
<br />
<strong>3. Isotope Stock</strong><br />
For the preparation of the isotope stock, a&nbsp;60 ml acid-washed Teflon bottle and a 100 ml acid-washed Teflon bottle are rinsed three times with DIW. A six&nbsp;millimolar (6 mM) sodium carbonate solution containing anhydrous Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in DIW (Sigma-Aldrich; 99.999% purity; 0.064 g:100 ml DIW) is made up in the Teflon bottle. Sodium bicarbonate (NaH<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>3</sub>, MPBiomedicals # 17441H, 2 mCi ml-1) is mixed with the above-prepared Na2CO3 solution in the Teflon bottle to yield a working stock solution of 200 microCuries per milliliter (µCi ml<sup><sub>-1</sub></sup>). The working stock solution is made up to the volume required for each cruise. The radiocarbon activity is measured by counting triplicate 10 µl samples with 1 ml beta-phenethylamine (Sigma-Aldrich) in 10 ml Ultima Gold LLT (Perkin-Elmer). Triplicate 10 µl stock samples are also acidified with 1 ml of 2 M HCl, vented for 24 hours and counted in 10 ml Ultima Gold LLT to assess the level of <sup>14</sup>C-organic carbon contamination. The acidification is done under the hood. The acidified dpm should be &lt;0.001% of the total dpm of the <sup>14</sup>C&nbsp;preparation or else the working stock <sup>14</sup>C solution should not be used. These last two steps are performed periodically, and always when receiving new batches from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
<strong>4. Incubation Systems</strong><br />
Typically primary production is measured using <em>in situ</em> incubation techniques, but both <em>in situ</em> and on-deck procedures have been used in the HOT program. A free-floating array equipped with VHF radio and strobe light is used for the <em>in situ</em> incubations. Incubation bottles are attached to a horizontal polycarbonate spreader bar which is then attached to the 200 m, 1/2" polypropylene <em>in situ</em> line at the depths corresponding to the sample collections. Generally six to eight incubation depths are used with the top 175 meters.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
<strong>5. Sampling</strong><br />
Approximately 3 hours before local sunrise, seawater samples are collected using the PVC bottles mounted on the CTD rosette.&nbsp;Under low-light conditions, water samples are collected into the sample rinsed incubation bottles (500 ml clear PC bottles) directly from the spigot, filled to the brim, capped and stored in the dark. Powder-free vinyl gloves are worn during sample collection and inoculation procedures.<br />
<br />
<strong>6. Isotope Addition and Sample Incubation</strong><br />
Three field replicate bottles are collected at each depth for in situ incubation. After all water samples have been drawn from the appropriate bottles, 200 µl of the <sup>14</sup>C-NaHCO<sub>3</sub> stock solution is added to each sample using a clean re-pipettor tip (final <sup>14</sup>C-activity ~ 80-100 µCi l-1). The bottles are capped tightly. The samples are deployed before dawn on a free-floating, drifter buoy array. At local sunset, the free-floating array is recovered and all in situ bottles are immediately placed in the dark and processed as soon as possible. The time of recovery is recorded.<br />
<br />
<strong>7. Filtration</strong><br />
Filtration of the samples is done under low or red light conditions and begins as soon as the incubation bottles are recovered from the <em>in situ </em>array. From each incubation bottle 250 µl are removed and placed into 20 mL glass liquid scintillation counting (LSC) vials. This sample is used for the&nbsp;determination of total radioactivity in each sample and to calculate the specific activity of <sup>14</sup>C-inorganic carbon in the samples. The remainder of the sample is filtered through a 25 mm diameter GF/F filter. The filter is placed into a second&nbsp;clean glass LSC vial&nbsp;and stored at -20 °C.<br />
<br />
<strong>8. <sup>14</sup>C Sample Processing</strong><br />
One ml of 2 M HCl is added to each sample vial containing a filter (in a fume hood). Vials are left open to vent under the hood for 24 hours. After the samples have vented 10 mL of Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail is added per vial including the vials for total <sup>14</sup>C radioactivity. The samples are counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Samples are counted again after one month. Only the last count is used for primary production calculations. Counts per min (cpm) are converted to disintegration per min (dpm) by using the instrument’s tSIE protocol (transformed Spectral Index of the External standard) and quench curve (Perkin-Elmer TR 2800).</p>
<p>---------<br />
<strong>Analysis History for HOT program</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>HOT-1 to HOT-7: on deck incubations only</li>
<li>HOT-8 to HOT-17: on deck and&nbsp;<em>in situ</em>&nbsp;incubations</li>
<li>HOT-18 to present:&nbsp;<em>in situ</em>&nbsp;incubations only</li>
<li>HOT 97 to present: sampled from CTD rosette mounted PVC bottles only. Previously used&nbsp;Go-Flo bottles with Kevlar line and Teflon messengers.</li>
<li>HOT 119 to present: six incubation depths (5 to 125 meters) with light bottles only. Previously had eight depths (5 to 175 meters) with both light and dark incubations</li>
<li>HOT 178: began using Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail. Switched from Aquasol II that was used previously.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0926766 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0926766
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1260164 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1260164
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1756517 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1756517
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2241005 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2241005
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0752606 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0752606
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0327513 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0327513
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0326616 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0326616
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9617409 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=9617409
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9301368 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=9301368
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-9303094 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=9303094
onGoing
Angelicque E. White
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
808-956-6220
1950 East West Rd.
Honolulu
HI
USA
aewhite@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
David M. Karl
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
808-956 8964
C-MORE Hale 1950 East-West Road
Honolulu
HI
96822
USA
dkarl@hawaii.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 5
Unknown
HOT_ID
Latitude
Longitude
Incubation_type
Flag_Bottle
Incub_duration
Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC
End_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Depth
Chl_a_mean
Chl_a_sd
Flag_Chla
Pheo_mean
Pheo_sd
Flag_Pheo
Light_rep1
Light_rep2
Light_rep3
Flag_Light
Dark_rep1
Dark_rep2
Dark_rep3
Flag_Dark
Salt
Flag_Salt
Prochloro
Flag_Prochl
Hetero
Flag_Hetero
Synecho
Flag_Synecho
Euk
Flag_Euk
Flag
file_name
Date
Start
End
Cruise_num
Go-Flo bottles (only until HOT-096)
liquid scintillation counter
External closing niskin
NORDA/USM incubation system
theme
None, User defined
Cruise identfier
latitude
longitude
treatment
flag
incubation time or duration
ISO_DateTime_UTC
depth
chlorophyll a
standard deviation
total phaeopigment
primary production
salinity
abundance
file_name
date
time_start_local
time_end_local
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
GO-FLO Bottle
Liquid Scintillation Counter
Niskin bottle
Shipboard Incubator
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
HOT_cruises
KOK1007
KOK1011
KOK1013
KM1012
KM1102A
KM1120
KM1124
KM1127
KOK1113
KOK1114
KOK1201
KOK1202
KM1223
KM1227
KM1302
KM1305
TN294
KM1308
KM1311
KM1315
KM1317
KM1319
KM1321
KM1323
KM1402
KM1406
KM1408
KM1410
KOK1404
KM1414
KM1421
KM1425
KM1428
KOK1502
KOK1503
KM1504
KM1508
KM1510
KM1512
KOK1508
KOK1515
KOK1516
KM1601
KM1602
KOK1605
OC1605B
KOK1608
KOK1611
OC1610A
service
Deployment Activity
North Pacific Ocean
Station Aloha (22 45N, 158W), Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
http://us-ocb.org/
Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry
The Ocean Carbon and Biogeochemistry (OCB) program focuses on the ocean's role as a component of the global Earth system, bringing together research in geochemistry, ocean physics, and ecology that inform on and advance our understanding of ocean biogeochemistry. The overall program goals are to promote, plan, and coordinate collaborative, multidisciplinary research opportunities within the U.S. research community and with international partners. Important OCB-related activities currently include: the Ocean Carbon and Climate Change (OCCC) and the North American Carbon Program (NACP); U.S. contributions to IMBER, SOLAS, CARBOOCEAN; and numerous U.S. single-investigator and medium-size research projects funded by U.S. federal agencies including NASA, NOAA, and NSF.
The scientific mission of OCB is to study the evolving role of the ocean in the global carbon cycle, in the face of environmental variability and change through studies of marine biogeochemical cycles and associated ecosystems.
The overarching OCB science themes include improved understanding and prediction of: 1) oceanic uptake and release of atmospheric CO2 and other greenhouse gases and 2) environmental sensitivities of biogeochemical cycles, marine ecosystems, and interactions between the two.
The OCB Research Priorities (updated January 2012) include: ocean acidification; terrestrial/coastal carbon fluxes and exchanges; climate sensitivities of and change in ecosystem structure and associated impacts on biogeochemical cycles; mesopelagic ecological and biogeochemical interactions; benthic-pelagic feedbacks on biogeochemical cycles; ocean carbon uptake and storage; and expanding low-oxygen conditions in the coastal and open oceans.
OCB
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
http://usjgofs.whoi.edu/
U.S. Joint Global Ocean Flux Study
The United States Joint Global Ocean Flux Study was a national component of international JGOFS and an integral part of global climate change research.
The U.S. launched the Joint Global Ocean Flux Study (JGOFS) in the late 1980s to study the ocean carbon cycle. An ambitious goal was set to understand the controls on the concentrations and fluxes of carbon and associated nutrients in the ocean. A new field of ocean biogeochemistry emerged with an emphasis on quality measurements of carbon system parameters and interdisciplinary field studies of the biological, chemical and physical process which control the ocean carbon cycle. As we studied ocean biogeochemistry, we learned that our simple views of carbon uptake and transport were severely limited, and a new "wave" of ocean science was born. U.S. JGOFS has been supported primarily by the U.S. National Science Foundation in collaboration with the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration, the National Aeronautics and Space Administration, the Department of Energy and the Office of Naval Research. U.S. JGOFS, ended in 2005 with the conclusion of the Synthesis and Modeling Project (SMP).
U.S. JGOFS
largerWorkCitation
program
Ocean Time-series Sites
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/program/562656
Ocean Time-series Sites
Program description text taken from Chapter 1: Introduction from the Global Intercomparability in a Changing Ocean: An International Time-Series Methods Workshop report published following the workshop held November 28-30, 2012 at the Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences. The full report is available from the workshop Web site hosted by US OCB: http://www.whoi.edu/website/TS-workshop/home
Decades of research have demonstrated that the ocean varies across a range of time scales, with anthropogenic forcing contributing an added layer of complexity. In a growing effort to distinguish between natural and human-induced earth system variability, sustained ocean time-series measurements have taken on a renewed importance. Shipboard biogeochemical time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate (Karl, 2010; Chavez et al., 2011; Church et al., 2013). They provide the oceanographic community with the long, temporally resolved datasets needed to characterize ocean climate, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem change.
The temporal scale of shifts in marine ecosystem variations in response to climate change are on the order of several decades. The long-term, consistent and comprehensive monitoring programs conducted by time-series sites are essential to understand large-scale atmosphere-ocean interactions that occur on interannual to decadal time scales. Ocean time-series represent one of the most valuable tools scientists have to characterize and quantify ocean carbon fluxes and biogeochemical processes and their links to changing climate.
Launched in the late 1980s, the US JGOFS (Joint Global Ocean Flux Study; http://usjgofs.whoi.edu) research program initiated two time-series measurement programs at Hawaii and Bermuda (HOT and BATS, respectively) to measure key oceanographic measurements in oligotrophic waters. Begun in 1995 as part of the US JGOFS Synthesis and Modeling Project, the CARIACO Ocean Time-Series (formerly known as the CArbon Retention In A Colored Ocean) Program has studied the relationship between surface primary production, physical forcing variables like the wind, and the settling flux of particulate carbon in the Cariaco Basin.
The objective of these time-series effort is to provide well-sampled seasonal resolution of biogeochemical variability at a limited number of ocean observatories, provide support and background measurements for process-oriented research, as well as test and validate observations for biogeochemical models. Since their creation, the BATS, CARIACO and HOT time-series site data have been available for use by a large community of researchers.
Data from those three US funded, ship-based, time-series sites can be accessed at each site directly or by selecting the site name from the Projects section below.
Ocean Time-series
largerWorkCitation
program
[Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2023-2028; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/
[Current] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): 2023-2028; [Previous] Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT): Sustaining ocean ecosystem and climate observations in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre
<p><strong>Hawai'i Ocean Time-Series Project Summary</strong><br />
This continuing award for the HOT research program sustains the open-ocean climatology of biological, chemical, and physical observations into a 4<sup>th</sup> decade.</p>
<p><strong>Intellectual Merit </strong><br />
The scientific mission of HOT continues to be monitoring of temporal dynamics in the cycling of carbon and associated bioelements, and observations of the variability of hydrological and ecological properties, heat fluxes, and circulation of the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG). The proposed research will rely on shipboard observations and experiments conducted on 10 separate 5-day expeditions per annum along with near-continuous moored platform measurements of air-sea interactions, ocean mixing, and physical characteristics of the deep sea. The HOT program maintains the high-quality suite of biogeochemical and physical measurements required for continued assessment of dynamics in ocean carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. Continuity of these observations improves the value of the dataset for deciphering how low-frequency natural and anthropogenic climate signals influence ecosystem structure in the NPSG as well as providing up-to-date measurements to place current signals in the longer-term context. Such efforts will continue to aid on-going modeling efforts required for predicting how future habitat perturbations may influence ecosystem dynamics in the NPSG. All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. HOT data provide reference baselines for essential ocean variables, allow for characterization of natural patterns of ocean system variability and associated links to regional climate indices, and support calibration/validation of autonomous in situ and remote (satellite, airborne) sensors.</p>
<p><strong>Broader Impacts</strong><br />
The long-term, continuous HOT data are critical to assess variability on seasonal to decadal time-scales and thus are essential to determine the emergence of anthropogenic signals in the oligotrophic North Pacific. Further sustaining HOT measurements will strengthen our capacity to test hypotheses about poorly understood interactions between ocean dynamics, climate, and biogeochemistry and increase the value of HOT data for understanding the response of ocean ecosystems to both natural and anthropogenic climate perturbations. Over the next 5 years, we will continue to promote the value of HOT research through high quality, high visibility peer-reviewed journal and book articles, newspaper and newsletter articles, and community outreach. With partners BCO-DMO and OceanSITES we will also continue to strive for a FAIR data model (see data management plan) as metadata standards and conventions evolve in the community. We will continue working with an Earthcube Research Coordination Network for Marine Ecological Time Series (METS) to support efforts that bring together different cross-sections of METS data producers, data users, data scientists, and data managers in large- and small-group formats to foster the necessary dialog to develop FAIR data solutions across multiple time-series. In addition, HOT is a community resource that helps support the research of numerous ocean scientists who rely on the program’s infrastructure (ship time, staff, laboratories, equipment) to conduct their research, education, and outreach activities. Moreover, HOT PIs maintain a strong commitment to mentoring and training of undergraduate and graduate students, and will continue these activities as well as facilitates access to the sea by a number of ancillary students and scientists. </p>
<p>------------------------------------</p>
<p><strong>NSF Award Abstract:</strong><br />
<span style="color:rgb(27, 27, 27); font-family:verdana; font-size:11.312px">Long-term observations of ocean physics, biology, and chemistry across decades provide a powerful lens for understanding the response of the oceans to environmental change. This award will continue the Hawaii Ocean Time-series (HOT) research program, which began in 1988, for an additional five years. Continuity of these observations will improve the value of the dataset for deciphering how natural and human-influenced climate signals affect ecosystem structure in the Pacific Ocean. All HOT program data are publicly available and are frequently used by researchers and policy makers around the world. HOT also serves as (1) a testbed for the development of new sensors and methodologies, (2) a calibration/validation site, (3) an invaluable training ground that attracts students and researchers from around the globe, and (4) a forum for international collaboration and capacity building.</span></p>
<p><span style="color:rgb(27, 27, 27); font-family:verdana; font-size:11.312px">The proposed research will rely on shipboard observations and experiments conducted on ten separate five-day expeditions per year along with near-continuous moored platform measurements of air-sea interactions, ocean mixing, and physical characteristics of the deep sea. Observations include biogeochemical and physical measurements required for continued assessment of dynamics in ocean carbon and nutrient pools and fluxes, plankton community structure, ecosystem productivity, and inherent optical properties of the water column. The major program goals and objectives over the next 5 years remain as in prior years and include: (1) sustain high quality, time-resolved oceanographic measurements on the interactions between ocean-climate and ecosystem variability in the North Pacific Subtropical Gyre (NPSG), (2) quantify time-varying (seasonal to decadal) changes in reservoirs and fluxes of carbon and associated bioelements (nitrogen, phosphorus, and silicon), (3) constrain processes controlling air-sea carbon exchange, rates of carbon transformation through the planktonic food web, and fluxes of carbon into the ocean's interior, (4) extend to 40 years a climatology of hydrographic and biogeochemical dynamics from which to gauge anomalous or extreme changes to the NPSG habitat, forming a multi-decadal baseline from which to decipher natural and anthropogenic influences on the NPSG ecosystem, (5) continue to provide scientific and logistical support to ancillary programs that benefit from the temporal context, interdisciplinary science, and regular access to the open sea afforded by HOT program occupation of Station ALOHA, including projects implementing, testing, and validating new methodologies and transformative ocean sampling technologies, and (6) provide unique training and educational opportunities for the next generation of ocean scientists.</span></p>
HOT
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
biota
oceans
North Pacific Ocean; Station Aloha (22 45N, 158W), Hawaii Ocean Time series (HOT)
-158
-158
22.75
22.75
1988-10-31
2024-12-20
North Pacific Subtropical Gyre; 22 deg 45 min N, 158 deg W
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Primary productivity measurements for the Hawaii Ocean Time-Series (HOT) program from October 1988 to December 2024 at Station ALOHA
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958831.rdf
Name: HOT_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise number (HOT-ID)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958832.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958833.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude (west is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958834.rdf
Name: Incubation_type
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Incubation type; O = GO-FLO sampled On-deck incubation, I = GO-FLO sampled In-situ incubation, R = Rosette sampled in-situ incubation, N = External closing Niskin sampled in-situ incubation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958835.rdf
Name: Flag_Bottle
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Bottle sample where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958836.rdf
Name: Incub_duration
Units: hours
Description: <p>Incubation time</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958837.rdf
Name: Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Start date and time in ISO 8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958838.rdf
Name: End_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>End date and time in ISO 8601 format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958839.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958840.rdf
Name: Chl_a_mean
Units: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
Description: <p>Chlorophyll a mean value</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958841.rdf
Name: Chl_a_sd
Units: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
Description: <p>Chlorophyll a standard deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958842.rdf
Name: Flag_Chla
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Chlorophyll a measurement where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958843.rdf
Name: Pheo_mean
Units: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
Description: <p>Phaeopigments mean value</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958844.rdf
Name: Pheo_sd
Units: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3)
Description: <p>Phaeopigments standard deviation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958845.rdf
Name: Flag_Pheo
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Phaeopigment measurement where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958846.rdf
Name: Light_rep1
Units: milligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
Description: <p>Primary production measured in Light bottle replicate #1</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958847.rdf
Name: Light_rep2
Units: milligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
Description: <p>Primary production measured in Light bottle replicate #2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958848.rdf
Name: Light_rep3
Units: milligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
Description: <p>Primary production measured in Light bottle replicate #3</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958849.rdf
Name: Flag_Light
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Light incubation bottles where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958850.rdf
Name: Dark_rep1
Units: milligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
Description: <p>Primary production measured in Dark bottle replicate #1</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958851.rdf
Name: Dark_rep2
Units: milligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
Description: <p>Primary production measured in Dark bottle replicate #2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958852.rdf
Name: Dark_rep3
Units: milligrams Carbon per cubic meter (mg C/m3)
Description: <p>Primary production measured in Dark bottle replicate #3</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958853.rdf
Name: Flag_Dark
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Dark incubation bottles where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958854.rdf
Name: Salt
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Salinity (PSS-78)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958855.rdf
Name: Flag_Salt
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Salinity where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958856.rdf
Name: Prochloro
Units: count per milliliter
Description: <p>Prochlorococcus abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958857.rdf
Name: Flag_Prochl
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Prochlorococcus where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958858.rdf
Name: Hetero
Units: count per milliliter
Description: <p>Heterotrophic bacteria abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958859.rdf
Name: Flag_Hetero
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Heterotrophic Bacteria where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast </p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958860.rdf
Name: Synecho
Units: count per milliliter
Description: <p>Synechococcus abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958861.rdf
Name: Flag_Synecho
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Synechococcus where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958862.rdf
Name: Euk
Units: count per milliliter
Description: <p>Eukaryotes abundance</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958863.rdf
Name: Flag_Euk
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Eukaryotes where 1 = not quality controlled, 2 = good data, 3 = suspect (questionable) data, 4 = bad data, 5 = missing value, 9 = variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958864.rdf
Name: Flag
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality Flags (original combined format) for the bottle, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, light incubation, dark incubation, salinity & bacteria values respectively. 1: not quality controlled, 2: good data, 3: suspect (questionable) data, 4: bad data, 5: missing value, 9: variable not measured during this cast</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958865.rdf
Name: file_name
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Original filename of the primary production data from HOT</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958866.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Original Date in HST</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958867.rdf
Name: Start
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Original Start time in HST</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958868.rdf
Name: End
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Original End time in HST</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/958869.rdf
Name: Cruise_num
Units: unitless
Description: <p>HOT cruise number (numerical portion of HOT-ID)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
553763
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/35cf861b-5fd4-4431-8b06-a08f21ad2182/content
download
553714
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c974412d-f21e-43ec-b7e4-603202bbc79c/content
download
409517
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/94cb3689-0da5-4586-a915-3206c0bc5136/content
download
457278
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/d21cd268-273b-402d-9d22-5eb59705e0fd/content
download
409517
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/d648adb2-b556-40fc-a989-05573a15718e/content
download
409517
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24979/1/dataset-737163_primary-production__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737163.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>The 14C-radiotracer method is used to measure the assimilation of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by phytoplankton as an estimate of the rate of photosynthetic production of organic matter in the euphotic zone. Beginning July 1989 (HOT-008), all incubations were conducted<em>&nbsp;in situ&nbsp;</em>on a free-floating, surface tethered array. All incubations from 1990 through mid-2000 were conducted in situ at eight depths (5, 25, 45, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 m) over one daylight period using a free-drifting array as described by Winn et al. (1991). Starting October 2000 (HOT-119), samples were&nbsp;collected&nbsp;from only the upper six depths while the lower two depths were modeled based on the monthly climatology. Integrated carbon assimilation rates were calculated using the trapezoid rule with the shallowest value extended to 0 meters and the deepest extrapolated to a value of zero at 200 meters.</p>
<p>A summary of methodology is listed below.&nbsp;Full details can be found at the HOT&nbsp;Field &amp; Laboratory Protocols page (https://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/protocols/protocols.html?Chapter=14) or below in Related Publications section (Karl et al.)</p>
<p><strong>1. Principle</strong><br />
The <sup>14</sup>C method, originally devised by Steeman-Nielsen (1952), is used to estimate the uptake of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) by photoautotrophic microorganisms&nbsp;in the water column. The method is based on the fact that the biological uptake of&nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C-labeled DIC is proportional to the biological uptake of <sup>12</sup>C-DIC. If one knows the initial concentration of DIC in a water sample, the DIC pool specific radioactivity (<sup>14</sup>C/<sup>12</sup>C), the <sup>14</sup>C retained in particulate matter (<sup>14</sup>C-POC) at the end of the incubation and the metabolic discrimination between the two isotopes of carbon (i.e., 6% discrimination against the heavier <sup>14</sup>C isotope), then it is possible to estimate the total uptake of carbon from the following relationship:<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; DIC * <sup>14</sup>C-POC * 1.06<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; C uptake&nbsp; =&nbsp; &nbsp; -----------------------------<br />
&nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;<sup>14</sup>C-DIC added&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>2. Precautions</strong><br />
Due to the potentially toxic effects of trace metals on phytoplankton metabolism in oligotrophic waters, the following procedure is used to minimize the contact between water samples and possible sources of contamination. Trace metal grade HCl (i.e. FisherScientific)&nbsp;solution (1M) is prepared with high purity hydrochloric acid and deionized water (DIW). Polycarbonate bottles (500 ml) are&nbsp;rinsed twice with trace metal grade 1M HCl and left overnight filled with the same acid solution. The acid is discarded and the bottles are rinsed at least three times with DIW before air drying in a clean environment.<br />
<br />
<strong>3. Isotope Stock</strong><br />
For the preparation of the isotope stock, a&nbsp;60 ml acid-washed Teflon bottle and a 100 ml acid-washed Teflon bottle are rinsed three times with DIW. A six&nbsp;millimolar (6 mM) sodium carbonate solution containing anhydrous Na<sub>2</sub>CO<sub>3</sub> in DIW (Sigma-Aldrich; 99.999% purity; 0.064 g:100 ml DIW) is made up in the Teflon bottle. Sodium bicarbonate (NaH<sup>14</sup>CO<sub>3</sub>, MPBiomedicals # 17441H, 2 mCi ml-1) is mixed with the above-prepared Na2CO3 solution in the Teflon bottle to yield a working stock solution of 200 microCuries per milliliter (µCi ml<sup><sub>-1</sub></sup>). The working stock solution is made up to the volume required for each cruise. The radiocarbon activity is measured by counting triplicate 10 µl samples with 1 ml beta-phenethylamine (Sigma-Aldrich) in 10 ml Ultima Gold LLT (Perkin-Elmer). Triplicate 10 µl stock samples are also acidified with 1 ml of 2 M HCl, vented for 24 hours and counted in 10 ml Ultima Gold LLT to assess the level of <sup>14</sup>C-organic carbon contamination. The acidification is done under the hood. The acidified dpm should be &lt;0.001% of the total dpm of the <sup>14</sup>C&nbsp;preparation or else the working stock <sup>14</sup>C solution should not be used. These last two steps are performed periodically, and always when receiving new batches from the manufacturer.<br />
<br />
<strong>4. Incubation Systems</strong><br />
Typically primary production is measured using <em>in situ</em> incubation techniques, but both <em>in situ</em> and on-deck procedures have been used in the HOT program. A free-floating array equipped with VHF radio and strobe light is used for the <em>in situ</em> incubations. Incubation bottles are attached to a horizontal polycarbonate spreader bar which is then attached to the 200 m, 1/2" polypropylene <em>in situ</em> line at the depths corresponding to the sample collections. Generally six to eight incubation depths are used with the top 175 meters.&nbsp;<br />
<br />
<strong>5. Sampling</strong><br />
Approximately 3 hours before local sunrise, seawater samples are collected using the PVC bottles mounted on the CTD rosette.&nbsp;Under low-light conditions, water samples are collected into the sample rinsed incubation bottles (500 ml clear PC bottles) directly from the spigot, filled to the brim, capped and stored in the dark. Powder-free vinyl gloves are worn during sample collection and inoculation procedures.<br />
<br />
<strong>6. Isotope Addition and Sample Incubation</strong><br />
Three field replicate bottles are collected at each depth for in situ incubation. After all water samples have been drawn from the appropriate bottles, 200 µl of the <sup>14</sup>C-NaHCO<sub>3</sub> stock solution is added to each sample using a clean re-pipettor tip (final <sup>14</sup>C-activity ~ 80-100 µCi l-1). The bottles are capped tightly. The samples are deployed before dawn on a free-floating, drifter buoy array. At local sunset, the free-floating array is recovered and all in situ bottles are immediately placed in the dark and processed as soon as possible. The time of recovery is recorded.<br />
<br />
<strong>7. Filtration</strong><br />
Filtration of the samples is done under low or red light conditions and begins as soon as the incubation bottles are recovered from the <em>in situ </em>array. From each incubation bottle 250 µl are removed and placed into 20 mL glass liquid scintillation counting (LSC) vials. This sample is used for the&nbsp;determination of total radioactivity in each sample and to calculate the specific activity of <sup>14</sup>C-inorganic carbon in the samples. The remainder of the sample is filtered through a 25 mm diameter GF/F filter. The filter is placed into a second&nbsp;clean glass LSC vial&nbsp;and stored at -20 °C.<br />
<br />
<strong>8. <sup>14</sup>C Sample Processing</strong><br />
One ml of 2 M HCl is added to each sample vial containing a filter (in a fume hood). Vials are left open to vent under the hood for 24 hours. After the samples have vented 10 mL of Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail is added per vial including the vials for total <sup>14</sup>C radioactivity. The samples are counted in a liquid scintillation counter. Samples are counted again after one month. Only the last count is used for primary production calculations. Counts per min (cpm) are converted to disintegration per min (dpm) by using the instrument’s tSIE protocol (transformed Spectral Index of the External standard) and quench curve (Perkin-Elmer TR 2800).</p>
<p>---------<br />
<strong>Analysis History for HOT program</strong></p>
<ul>
<li>HOT-1 to HOT-7: on deck incubations only</li>
<li>HOT-8 to HOT-17: on deck and&nbsp;<em>in situ</em>&nbsp;incubations</li>
<li>HOT-18 to present:&nbsp;<em>in situ</em>&nbsp;incubations only</li>
<li>HOT 97 to present: sampled from CTD rosette mounted PVC bottles only. Previously used&nbsp;Go-Flo bottles with Kevlar line and Teflon messengers.</li>
<li>HOT 119 to present: six incubation depths (5 to 125 meters) with light bottles only. Previously had eight depths (5 to 175 meters) with both light and dark incubations</li>
<li>HOT 178: began using Ultima Gold LLT scintillation cocktail. Switched from Aquasol II that was used previously.&nbsp;</li>
</ul>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Integrated carbon assimilation rates were calculated using the trapezoid rule with the shallowest value extended to 0 meters and the deepest extrapolated to a value of zero at 200 meters.</p>
<p>From the data derived here we can estimate several properties of the phytoplankton populations at Station ALOHA:</p>
<ol>
<li>&nbsp;Total daylight organic carbon production is calculated from the 12-hour uptake data (after corrections for 12-hour dark activities).</li>
<li>Net primary production is used as the estimate of phytoplankton carbon production for the purposes of comparison to other ecosystem-level processes (e.g., standing stock assessments, vertical C-flux, etc.).</li>
</ol>
<p><u>Quality Flags</u><br />
Quality Flags were assigned for the bottle, chlorophyll, phaeopigments, light incubation, dark incubation, salinity &amp; bacteria values respectively.<br />
1: not quality controlled<br />
2: good data<br />
3: suspect (questionable) data<br />
4: bad data<br />
5: missing value<br />
9: variable not measured during this cast</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
Concatenated new data from calendar year 2024 to the previous 30+ years of primary production data
- Imported version 4 primary productivity data '737163_v4_prim_prod_hot001_hot348'
- Imported source file 'hot349-355.pp' into the BCO-DMO data system using missing data identifiers of -9, -9.00, and -9.000
- Combined these new data from cruises 349 to 355 with previous file covering cruises 1 through 348
- Adjusted parameter/column names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- Combined separate date and time columns into a single ISO8601 formatted date and converted datetimes from HST to UTC
- Added columns for latitude and longitude of Station ALOHA
- Separated the 10-digit combined flag field into individual flag columns and placed the individual parameter flags after the corresponding measurements/fields
- Added column for data source filename (e.g. hot348-355.pp)
- Final file exported as '737163_v5_prim_prod_hot001_hot355.csv'
- Checked for missing cruises (see Problems/Issues section for list)
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Go-Flo bottles (only until HOT-096)
Go-Flo bottles (only until HOT-096)
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Go-Flo bottles (only until HOT-096) PI Supplied Instrument Description:Go-Flo bottles were used for sampling from HOT-001 through HOT-096. Beginning with HOT-097, Niskin bottles were used. Instrument Name: GO-FLO Bottle Instrument Short Name:GO-FLO Instrument Description: GO-FLO bottle cast used to collect water samples for pigment, nutrient, plankton, etc. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is specially designed to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/
liquid scintillation counter
liquid scintillation counter
PI Supplied Instrument Name: liquid scintillation counter PI Supplied Instrument Description:liquid scintillation counter (Packard model 4640; United Technologies Inc.) Instrument Name: Liquid Scintillation Counter Instrument Short Name:LSC Instrument Description: Liquid scintillation counting is an analytical technique which is defined by the incorporation of the radiolabeled analyte into uniform distribution with a liquid chemical medium capable of converting the kinetic energy of nuclear emissions into light energy. Although the liquid scintillation counter is a sophisticated laboratory counting system used to quantify the activity of particulate emitting (ß and a) radioactive samples, it can also detect the auger electrons emitted from 51Cr and 125I samples.
Liquid scintillation counters are instruments assaying alpha and beta radiation by quantitative detection of visible light produced by the passage of rays or particles through a suitable scintillant incorporated into the sample. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB21/
External closing niskin
External closing niskin
PI Supplied Instrument Name: External closing niskin PI Supplied Instrument Description:External closing niskin sampled in-situ Incubation. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
NORDA/USM incubation system
NORDA/USM incubation system
PI Supplied Instrument Name: NORDA/USM incubation system PI Supplied Instrument Description:temperature- and light-controlled deck incubation system (NORDA/USM incubation system) Instrument Name: Shipboard Incubator Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A device mounted on a ship that holds water samples under conditions of controlled temperature or controlled temperature and illumination.
Cruise: HOT_cruises
HOT_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel
HOT_cruises
Angelicque E. White
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/
Report describing HOT_cruises
Cruise: KOK1007
KOK1007
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1007
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1007
Cruise: KOK1011
KOK1011
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1011
Paul J. Lethaby
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1011
Cruise: KOK1013
KOK1013
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1013
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1013
Cruise: KM1012
KM1012
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1012
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1012
Cruise: KM1102A
KM1102A
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1102A
Craig Nosse
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1102A
Cruise: KM1120
KM1120
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1120
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1120
Cruise: KM1124
KM1124
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1124
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1124
Cruise: KM1127
KM1127
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1127
Craig Nosse
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1127
Cruise: KOK1113
KOK1113
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1113
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1113
Cruise: KOK1114
KOK1114
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1114
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1114
Cruise: KOK1201
KOK1201
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1201
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1201
Cruise: KOK1202
KOK1202
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1202
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1202
Cruise: KM1223
KM1223
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1223
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1223
Cruise: KM1227
KM1227
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1227
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1227
Cruise: KM1302
KM1302
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1302
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1302
Cruise: KM1305
KM1305
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1305
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1305
Cruise: TN294
TN294
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
TN294
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing TN294
Cruise: KM1308
KM1308
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1308
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1308
Cruise: KM1311
KM1311
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1311
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1311
Cruise: KM1315
KM1315
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1315
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1315
Cruise: KM1317
KM1317
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1317
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1317
Cruise: KM1319
KM1319
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1319
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1319
Cruise: KM1321
KM1321
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1321
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1321
Cruise: KM1323
KM1323
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1323
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1323
Cruise: KM1402
KM1402
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1402
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1402
Cruise: KM1406
KM1406
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1406
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1406
Cruise: KM1408
KM1408
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1408
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1408
Cruise: KM1410
KM1410
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1410
Brett Updyke
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1410
Cruise: KOK1404
KOK1404
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1404
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1404
Cruise: KM1414
KM1414
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1414
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1414
Cruise: KM1421
KM1421
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1421
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1421
Cruise: KM1425
KM1425
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1425
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1425
Cruise: KM1428
KM1428
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1428
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1428
Cruise: KOK1502
KOK1502
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1502
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1502
Cruise: KOK1503
KOK1503
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1503
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1503
Cruise: KM1504
KM1504
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1504
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1504
Cruise: KM1508
KM1508
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1508
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1508
Cruise: KM1510
KM1510
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1510
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1510
Cruise: KM1512
KM1512
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1512
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1512
Cruise: KOK1508
KOK1508
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1508
Fernando Santiago-Mandujano
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1508
Cruise: KOK1515
KOK1515
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1515
R. Walter Deppe
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1515
Cruise: KOK1516
KOK1516
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1516
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1516
Cruise: KM1601
KM1601
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1601
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1601
Cruise: KM1602
KM1602
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1602
Dr Tara M. Clemente
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KM1602
Cruise: KOK1605
KOK1605
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1605
Susan E. Curless
University of Hawai'i
http://dmoserv3.whoi.edu/data_docs/ProEco/cs283.pdf
Report describing KOK1605
Cruise: OC1605B
OC1605B
R/V Oceanus
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Oceanus
vessel
OC1605B
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing OC1605B
Cruise: KOK1608
KOK1608
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1608
Matthew J. Church
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1608
Cruise: KOK1611
KOK1611
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
KOK1611
Matthew J. Church
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing KOK1611
Cruise: OC1610A
OC1610A
R/V Oceanus
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Oceanus
vessel
OC1610A
Daniel W. Sadler
University of Hawai'i
http://hahana.soest.hawaii.edu/hot/cruises.html
Report describing OC1610A
Multiple Vessels
vessel
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Ka`imikai-O-Kanaloa
vessel
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Thomas G. Thompson
vessel
R/V Oceanus
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Oceanus
vessel