http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/737176
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2018-05-18
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Lake Michigan water chemistry data, including dissolved and particulate phosphorus, chlorophyll a, carbon dioxide, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon from 2017 to 2020
2023-12-20
publication
2023-12-20
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-03-15
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737176.1
Harvey Bootsma
University of Wisconsin
principalInvestigator
Qian Liao
University of Wisconsin
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Bootsma, H., Liao, Q. (2024) Lake Michigan water chemistry data, including dissolved and particulate phosphorus, chlorophyll a, carbon dioxide, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon from 2017 to 2020. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 3) Version Date 2023-12-20 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.737176.3 [access date]
Lake Michigan Chemistry Dataset Description: <p>Water chemistry data, including dissolved and particulate phosphorus, chlorophyll <em>a</em>, carbon dioxide, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon were collected from a Lake Michigan transect between Milwaukee, WI and Muskegon MI from 2017 to 2020.</p> Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Field sampling: </strong>Research cruises were conducted on&amp; R/V Neeskay and R/V Osprey. Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a 1/4" cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually less than 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate Phosphorus (P), stable isotope (particulate Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N)), and chlorophyll <em>a</em> analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus.</p>
<p><strong>Nutrients:</strong> Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) was analyzed using the standard molybdate method and a 10 cm path length in the spectrophotometer. Total Dissolved Phosphorus (TDP) and Particulate Phosphorus (PP) were digested to convert to phosphate, followed by analysis with the standard molybdate method. SRP and TDP were measured within 12 hours of sample filtration.</p>
<p><strong>Chlorophyll <em>a</em></strong>: Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). Chl <em>a</em> was extracted with a 68:27:5 methanol-acetone-deionized water extraction solvent for 24 hours at -28 degrees Celsius and measured on a Turner Model 10 Series fluorometer, which was calibrated using a chlorophyll extract, the concentration of which was determined spectrophotometrically (Stainton et al. 1977).</p>
<p><strong>CO</strong>₂<strong> / DIC:</strong> Samples for CO2 and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyses were collected in stoppered 120 mL glass serum bottles. Prior to sampling, bottles were flushed with nitrogen gas and then evacuated, to ensure they contained no CO2. At the time of sampling, a double-ended needle was inserted into the discharge tube of the Niskin bottle while water was flowing out, and the other end of the needle was inserted through the rubber cap of the serum sample bottle, allowing the vacuum in the bottle to draw in the sample water. The bottle was filled approximately 3/4. CO2 and DIC analyses were carried out following the method described by Davies et al. (2003). Briefly, 50 microliter (uL) subsamples are taken from the bottle headspace using a pressure-lok syringe and injected into a gas chromatograph, calibrated with CO2 standard gases. Samples are run in triplicate. Dissolved CO2 is then determined based on the temperature-dependent solubility of CO2, corrected for CO2 lost to the headspace and for the change in inorganic carbon species distribution accompanying the CO2 loss to headspace. Following CO2 analysis, samples are acidified by adding 150 uL of concentrated phosphoric acid, converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, after which the above analysis was repeated to determine total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration. In-lake CO2 concentrations are determined by correcting for any difference between in situ temperature and temperature at time of analysis, which affects the inorganic carbon partitioning coefficients. CO2 samples were measured within 24 hours of collection, and DIC samples were measured within 3 days of collection.</p>
<p><strong>Continuous CO2</strong>: The components of the continuous CO2 monitoring system include a peristaltic pump that forces water through an air-water equilibrator (Membrana mini-module membrane contactor). Reverse-flow air from the equilibrator is pumped through desiccant, after which it flows through an infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Li-820) which measures the partial pressure of CO2 normalized to 1 atmosphere. The system also includes a temperature sensor and a WETLabs flow-through fluorometer. The system is controlled by a Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger. Input from a GPS on the ship's upper deck allows all data to be geo-referenced. The system is mounted in the engine room of the Lake Express high-speed ferry, where it draws water from a sea chest that has a residence time of several seconds. Additional details are provided in Zagorski and Bootsma (2006).</p>
<p><strong>Stable isotopes:</strong> Samples for stable isotope (13C:12C and 15N:14N ratios) analyses were collected by filtering lake water samples through GF/F glass fiber filters (nominal pore size = 0.7 to 0.8 micrometers (um)). Following filtration, filters were doused with 5% HCl for ~ 3 minutes to remove any inorganic carbon, followed by rinsing with distilled, deionized water. Filters were then freeze dried and packed in tin foil disks. Samples were then analyzed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, following the methods as described in Turschak et al. (2014). After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration.</p>
<p><strong>Dissolved organic carbon:</strong> 25 ml of filtered water was transferred to an amber glass ampule and acidified to a pH of less than 2 by adding 2-3 drops of 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, which was then purged from the sample bubbling with carbon-free gas prior to OC analysis. DOC was then measured using the combustion catalytic oxidation method on a total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer equipped with an ASI-5000 auto sampler). The analyzer was calibrated with a dilution series of reagent grade potassium hydrogen phthalate in 0.3 molar hydrochloric acid.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1658390 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1658390
completed
Harvey Bootsma
University of Wisconsin
414-251-9231
School of Freshwater Sciences 600 E. Greenfield Ave.
Milwaukee
WI
53204
USA
hbootsma@uwm.edu
pointOfContact
Qian Liao
University of Wisconsin
414-229-4228
Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering P.O. Box 413
Milwaukee
WI
53201
USA
liao@uwm.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 3
Unknown
Year
Date_UTC
Time_UTC
Site
Lat
Long
Depth_Site
Depth_Smp
Ht
SRP
TDP
PP
Chl
PC
PN
d13C
d15N
CO2
DIC
DOC
Li-Cor Li-820
Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger
WETLabs flow-through fluorometer
SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph
Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer
ASI-5000 auto sampler
Niskin bottles
peristaltic pump
Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer
Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Turner Designs benchtop fluorometer model 10-000
temperature sensor
temperature sensor
theme
None, User defined
year
date
time of day
station
latitude
longitude
depth_bottom
depth
altitude
SRP
Total Dissolved Phosphorus
Phosphorus
chlorophyll a
Elemental carbon (C)
Nitrogen
d13C
d15N
carbon dioxide
dissolved inorganic Carbon
dissolved organic Carbon
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CO2 Analyzer
Data Logger
Fluorometer
Gas Chromatograph
Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer
Laboratory Autosampler
Niskin bottle
Pump
Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer
Spectrophotomer-Varian Cary 50UV
Turner Designs Fluorometer-10
Water Temperature Sensor
Water Temperature Sensor
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
Neeskay_Cruises_2017-2020
Osprey_Lake_Michigan_2017-2020
service
Deployment Activity
Lake Michigan. Depth of 10 to 55 meters, approximately 5 to 15 km northeast of Milwaukee Harbor.
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Regulation of plankton and nutrient dynamics by hydrodynamics and profundal filter feeders
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/670679
Collaborative Research: Regulation of plankton and nutrient dynamics by hydrodynamics and profundal filter feeders
<p><em>Overview:</em><br />
While benthic filter feeders are known to influence plankton and nutrient dynamics in shallow marine and freshwater systems, their role is generally considered to be minor in large, deep systems. However, recent evidence indicates that profundal quagga mussels (Dreissena rostriformis bugensis) have dramatically altered energy flow and nutrient cycling in the Laurentian Great Lakes and other larges aquatic systems, so that conventional nutrient-plankton paradigms no longer apply. Observed rates of phosphorus grazing by profundal quagga mussels in Lake Michigan exceed the passive settling rates by nearly an order of magnitude, even under stably stratified conditions. We hypothesize that the apparently enhanced particle deliver rate to the lake bottom results from high filtration capacity combined with vertical mixing processes that advect phytoplankton from the euphotic zone to the near-bottom layer. However, the role of hydrodynamics is unclear, because these processes are poorly characterized both within the hypolimnion as a whole and within the near-bottom layer. In addition, the implications for phytoplankton and nutrient dynamics are unclear, as mussels are also important nutrient recyclers. In the proposed interdisciplinary research project, state-of-the-art instruments and analytical tools will be deployed in Lake Michigan to quantify these critical dynamic processes, including boundary layer turbulence, mussel grazing, excretion and egestion, and benthic fluxes of carbon and phosphorus. Empirical data will be used to calibrate a 3D hydrodynamic-biogeochemical model to test our hypotheses.</p>
<p><em>Intellectual Merit:</em><br />
This collaborative biophysical project is structured around two primary questions: 1) What role do profundal dreissenid mussels play in large lake carbon and nutrient cycles? 2) How are mussel grazing and the fate of nutrients recycled by mussels modulated by hydrodynamics at scales ranging from mm (benthic boundary layer) to meters (entire water column)? The project will improve the ability to model nutrient and carbon dynamics in coastal and lacustrine waters where benthic filter-feeders are a significant portion of the biota. By so doing, it will address the overarching question of how plankton and nutrient dynamics in large, deep lakes with abundant profundal filter feeders differ from the conventional paradigm described by previous models. Additionally, the project will quantify and characterize boundary layer turbulence for benthic boundary layers in large, deep lakes, including near-bed turbulence produced by benthic filter feeders.</p>
<p><em>Broader Impacts:</em><br />
The project will provide new insight into the impacts of invasive dreissenid mussels, which are now threatening many large lakes and reservoirs across the United States. Dreissenid mussels appear to be responsible for a number of major changes that have occurred in the Great Lakes, including declines of pelagic plankton populations, declines in fish populations, and, ironically, nuisance algal blooms in the nearshore zone. As a result, conventional management models no longer apply, and managers are uncertain about appropriate nutrient loading targets and fish stocking levels. The data and models resulting from this project will help to guide those decisions. Additionally, the project will provide insight to bottom boundary layer physics, with applicability to other large lakes, atidal coastal seas, and the deep ocean. The project will leverage the collaboration and promote interdisciplinary education for undergraduate and graduate students from two universities (UW-Milwaukee and Purdue). The project will support 3 Ph.D. students and provide structured research experiences to undergraduates through a summer research program. The project will also promote education of future aquatic scientists by hosting a Biophysical Coupling Workshop for graduate students who participate in the annual IAGLR conferences, and the workshop lectures will be published for general access through ASLO e-Lectures and on an open-access project website.</p>
<p><em>Background publications are available at:</em><br />
<a href="http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JC010506/full" target="_blank">http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/2014JC010506/full</a><br />
<a href="http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00348-012-1265-9" target="_blank">http://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00348-012-1265-9</a><br />
<a href="http://aslo.net/lomethods/free/2009/0169.pdf" target="_blank">http://aslo.net/lomethods/free/2009/0169.pdf</a><br />
<a href="http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133015001458" target="_blank">http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0380133015001458</a></p>
<p><em>Note: </em>This is an NSF Collaborative Research Project.</p>
Filter Feeders Physics and Phosphorus
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
inlandWaters
oceans
Lake Michigan. Depth of 10 to 55 meters, approximately 5 to 15 km northeast of Milwaukee Harbor.
-87.86447
-87.7187
43.06992
43.09932
2017-05-11
2020-07-10
Lake Michigan
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Lake Michigan water chemistry data, including dissolved and particulate phosphorus, chlorophyll a, carbon dioxide, total dissolved inorganic carbon, and dissolved organic carbon from 2017 to 2020
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882869.rdf
Name: Year
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Four digit year</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882870.rdf
Name: Date_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date (UTC) of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882871.rdf
Name: Time_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Time (UTC) of sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882872.rdf
Name: Site
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station name/number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882873.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: degrees North
Description: <p>Latitude. Locations south of equator are negative.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882874.rdf
Name: Long
Units: degrees East
Description: <p>Longitude. Locations west of prime meridian are negative.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882875.rdf
Name: Depth_Site
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Lake bottom depth at sampling location</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882876.rdf
Name: Depth_Smp
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth below surface from which sample was collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882877.rdf
Name: Ht
Units: centimeters (cm)
Description: <p>Height above lake bottom</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882878.rdf
Name: SRP
Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Description: <p>Soluble Reactive Phosphorus; resolution = 0.01; accuracy = ±5%; detection limit = 0.5</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882879.rdf
Name: TDP
Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Description: <p>Total Dissolved Phosphorus; resolution = 0.01; accuracy = ±5%; detection limit = 1</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882880.rdf
Name: PP
Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Description: <p>Particulate Phosphorus; resolution = 0.01; accuracy = ±5%; detection limit = 0.5</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882881.rdf
Name: Chl
Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Description: <p>Chlorophyll a; resolution = 0.01; accuracy = 0.1; detection limit = 0.5</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882882.rdf
Name: PC
Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Description: <p>Particulate Carbon; resolution = 0.1; accuracy = 1; detection limit = 0.5</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882883.rdf
Name: PN
Units: micrograms per liter (ug/L)
Description: <p>Particulate Nitrogen; resolution = 0.01; accuracy = 0.1; detection limit = 0.1</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882884.rdf
Name: d13C
Units: per mil (‰)
Description: <p>Delta 13C, representing the ratio of 13C to 12C of suspended particulate material, calculated as d13C = ((Rsmp/Rstd)-1) X 1000, where R = 13C/12C, smp = sample, std = PDB carbonate standard. resolution = 0.01; accuracy = 0.05 ‰</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882885.rdf
Name: d15N
Units: per mil (‰)
Description: <p>Delta 15N, representing the ratio of 15N to 14N of suspended particulate material, calculated as d15N = ((Rsmp/Rstd)-1) X 1000, where R = 15C/14C, smp = sample, std = air. resolution = 0.01; accuracy = 0.1 ‰</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882886.rdf
Name: CO2
Units: micromoles per liter (umol/L)
Description: <p>Carbon dioxide; resolution = 0.1 umol/L; accuracy = ±3%</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882887.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: micromoles per liter (umol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (carbon dioxide + carbonic acid + bicarbonate + carbonate); resolution = 1 umol/L; accuracy = ±3%</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/882888.rdf
Name: DOC
Units: micromoles per liter (umol/L)
Description: <p>Dissolved organic carbon; resolution = 0.1; accuracy = 5; detection limit=5</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
27162
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/c59e1028-5499-4269-b9c8-a0bc03b87a30/content
download
22445
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/27001/1/dataset-737176_lake-michigan-chemistry__v2.tsv
download
8258
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/23837/1/dataset-737176_lake-michigan-chemistry__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.737176.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Field sampling: </strong>Research cruises were conducted on&amp; R/V Neeskay and R/V Osprey. Water samples were collected using 5-liter Niskin sampling bottles suspended on a 1/4" cable from a hydrographic winch. Immediately after collection, samples were transferred to 4-liter HDPE sample bottles. Sample bottles were rinsed with sample water 3 times before filling. Prior to use, sample bottles were acid washed (48 hours in 5% HCl), followed by multiple rinses with distilled, deionized water. Samples in bottles were stored in a cooler on ice until return to the laboratory. Samples were filtered immediately upon return to the laboratory (usually less than 8 hours after collection). Samples were filtered through pre-combusted Whatman GF/F filters. Filters were retained for particulate Phosphorus (P), stable isotope (particulate Carbon (C) and Nitrogen (N)), and chlorophyll <em>a</em> analyses. At least twice during the field season, field blanks are collected, which consist of clean bottles brought into the field where they are filled with distilled water, followed by analysis for dissolved and particulate phosphorus.</p>
<p><strong>Nutrients:</strong> Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (SRP) was analyzed using the standard molybdate method and a 10 cm path length in the spectrophotometer. Total Dissolved Phosphorus (TDP) and Particulate Phosphorus (PP) were digested to convert to phosphate, followed by analysis with the standard molybdate method. SRP and TDP were measured within 12 hours of sample filtration.</p>
<p><strong>Chlorophyll <em>a</em></strong>: Samples were collected and analyzed as described in Mosley and Bootsma (2015). Chl <em>a</em> was extracted with a 68:27:5 methanol-acetone-deionized water extraction solvent for 24 hours at -28 degrees Celsius and measured on a Turner Model 10 Series fluorometer, which was calibrated using a chlorophyll extract, the concentration of which was determined spectrophotometrically (Stainton et al. 1977).</p>
<p><strong>CO</strong>₂<strong> / DIC:</strong> Samples for CO2 and Dissolved Inorganic Carbon (DIC) analyses were collected in stoppered 120 mL glass serum bottles. Prior to sampling, bottles were flushed with nitrogen gas and then evacuated, to ensure they contained no CO2. At the time of sampling, a double-ended needle was inserted into the discharge tube of the Niskin bottle while water was flowing out, and the other end of the needle was inserted through the rubber cap of the serum sample bottle, allowing the vacuum in the bottle to draw in the sample water. The bottle was filled approximately 3/4. CO2 and DIC analyses were carried out following the method described by Davies et al. (2003). Briefly, 50 microliter (uL) subsamples are taken from the bottle headspace using a pressure-lok syringe and injected into a gas chromatograph, calibrated with CO2 standard gases. Samples are run in triplicate. Dissolved CO2 is then determined based on the temperature-dependent solubility of CO2, corrected for CO2 lost to the headspace and for the change in inorganic carbon species distribution accompanying the CO2 loss to headspace. Following CO2 analysis, samples are acidified by adding 150 uL of concentrated phosphoric acid, converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, after which the above analysis was repeated to determine total dissolved inorganic carbon concentration. In-lake CO2 concentrations are determined by correcting for any difference between in situ temperature and temperature at time of analysis, which affects the inorganic carbon partitioning coefficients. CO2 samples were measured within 24 hours of collection, and DIC samples were measured within 3 days of collection.</p>
<p><strong>Continuous CO2</strong>: The components of the continuous CO2 monitoring system include a peristaltic pump that forces water through an air-water equilibrator (Membrana mini-module membrane contactor). Reverse-flow air from the equilibrator is pumped through desiccant, after which it flows through an infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Li-820) which measures the partial pressure of CO2 normalized to 1 atmosphere. The system also includes a temperature sensor and a WETLabs flow-through fluorometer. The system is controlled by a Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger. Input from a GPS on the ship's upper deck allows all data to be geo-referenced. The system is mounted in the engine room of the Lake Express high-speed ferry, where it draws water from a sea chest that has a residence time of several seconds. Additional details are provided in Zagorski and Bootsma (2006).</p>
<p><strong>Stable isotopes:</strong> Samples for stable isotope (13C:12C and 15N:14N ratios) analyses were collected by filtering lake water samples through GF/F glass fiber filters (nominal pore size = 0.7 to 0.8 micrometers (um)). Following filtration, filters were doused with 5% HCl for ~ 3 minutes to remove any inorganic carbon, followed by rinsing with distilled, deionized water. Filters were then freeze dried and packed in tin foil disks. Samples were then analyzed on an isotope ratio mass spectrometer, following the methods as described in Turschak et al. (2014). After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration.</p>
<p><strong>Dissolved organic carbon:</strong> 25 ml of filtered water was transferred to an amber glass ampule and acidified to a pH of less than 2 by adding 2-3 drops of 1 N hydrochloric acid (HCl), converting all inorganic carbon to CO2, which was then purged from the sample bubbling with carbon-free gas prior to OC analysis. DOC was then measured using the combustion catalytic oxidation method on a total organic carbon analyzer (Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer equipped with an ASI-5000 auto sampler). The analyzer was calibrated with a dilution series of reagent grade potassium hydrogen phthalate in 0.3 molar hydrochloric acid.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>Data Processing:</strong><br />
All nutrient data are stored in a common database. Following analyses, nutrient standard curves are examined to ensure that calibration coefficients are within the range of variability of a long-term (5-year) dataset (±3%). Fluorometer measurements are entered into a spreadsheet containing the fluorometer calibration coefficients, which are used to calculate chlorophyll <em>a</em> and phaeophytin concentrations. The fluorometer is calibrated annually against extracted chlorophyll <em>a</em> standards. CO2 and DIC gas chromatograph measurements are entered into a spreadsheet program that calculates all inorganic carbon species concentrations, as well as pH and carbonate alkalinity. Concentrations are then corrected for any temperature difference between in situ and time of analysis. Stable isotope measurements are stored in a stable isotope database, while DOC measurement data are stored along with nutrient, chlorophyll and inorganic carbon measurements in a chemistry database.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
Versions 1 and 2:
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- re-formatted date to ISO format;
- replaced missing data with nd ("no data");
- updated to version 2 on 2019-05-20.
Version 3:
- converted dates to YYYY-MM-DD format;
- converted times to hh:mm format;
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions;
- removed 'nd' as the missing data identifier (missing data are empty/blank in the final CSV file);
- updated to version 3 on 2023-12-20 as file name "737176_v3_lake_michigan_chemistry.csv".
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Li-Cor Li-820
Li-Cor Li-820
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Li-Cor Li-820 PI Supplied Instrument Description:As part of the continuous CO2 monitoring system, reverse-flow air from the equilibrator is pumped through desiccant, after which it flows through an infrared gas analyzer (Li-Cor Li-820) which measures the partial pressure of CO2 normalized to 1 atmosphere. Instrument Name: CO2 Analyzer Instrument Short Name:CO2 Analyzer Instrument Description: Measures atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/382/
Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger
Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger PI Supplied Instrument Description:The continuous CO2 monitoring system is controlled by a Campbell CR1000 Controller / Datalogger. Instrument Name: Data Logger Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Electronic devices that record data over time or in relation to location either with a built-in instrument or sensor or via external instruments and sensors.
WETLabs flow-through fluorometer
WETLabs flow-through fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: WETLabs flow-through fluorometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:The continuous CO2 monitoring system includes a WETLabs flow-through fluorometer. Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph
SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph PI Supplied Instrument Description:SRI 8610C Gas chromatograph. This instrument was used to measured the CO2 and DIC concentration in water samples. The instrument was calibrated against CO2 standards with an accuracy of +/- 3%. Instrument Name: Gas Chromatograph Instrument Short Name:Gas Chromatograph Instrument Description: Instrument separating gases, volatile substances, or substances dissolved in a volatile solvent by transporting an inert gas through a column packed with a sorbent to a detector for assay. (from SeaDataNet, BODC) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB02/
Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer
Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Finnigan MAT delta S stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer with elemental analyzer front end and ConFlo II interface; Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA. This instrument was used to measure carbon and nitrogen stable isotope ratios. After every 12th sample, an acetanilide control was run to ensure instrument calibration. Instrument precision was 0.2 per mil for both C and N isotopes based upon acetanilide controls. Instrument Name: Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:IR Mass Spec; IRMS Instrument Description: The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
ASI-5000 auto sampler
ASI-5000 auto sampler
PI Supplied Instrument Name: ASI-5000 auto sampler PI Supplied Instrument Description:The Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer is equipped with an ASI-5000 auto sampler. Instrument Name: Laboratory Autosampler Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Laboratory apparatus that automatically introduces one or more samples with a predetermined volume or mass into an analytical instrument.
Niskin bottles
Niskin bottles
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottles PI Supplied Instrument Description:5 L Niskin bottles. Lake water samples were collected with a 5-liter Niskin bottle fitted with MasterFlex tubing (to minimize potential toxicity from latex rubber and heavy metals). Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
peristaltic pump
peristaltic pump
PI Supplied Instrument Name: peristaltic pump PI Supplied Instrument Description:The components of the continuous CO2 monitoring system include a peristaltic pump that forces water through an air-water equilibrator. Instrument Name: Pump Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps
Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer
Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Shimadzu TOC-L total organic carbon analyzer. This instrument was used for measuring dissolved organic carbon in filtered water samples. The analyzer was calibrated with a dilution series of reagent grade potassium hydrogen phthalate in 0.3 molar hydrochloric acid. Instrument Name: Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer Instrument Short Name:Shimadzu TOC-L Instrument Description: A Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.
Developed by Shimadzu, the 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method is now used worldwide. One of its most important features is the capacity to efficiently oxidize hard-to-decompose organic compounds, including insoluble and macromolecular organic compounds. The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method has been adopted for the TOC-L series.
http://www.shimadzu.com/an/toc/lab/toc-l2.html Community Standard Description: http://onto.nerc.ac.uk/CAST/124.html
Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis spectrophotometer
Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Varian Cary 50 UV-Vis spectrophotometer. All phosphorus measurements were made using this spectrophotometer. Soluble reactive phosphorus and total dissolved phosphorus were measured using a 10-cm cuvette, and particulate phosphorus was measured using a 1-cm cuvetter. Instrument Name: Spectrophotomer-Varian Cary 50UV Instrument Short Name:Cary 50UV Instrument Description: The Varian Cary 50 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer has a xenon flash lamp and a 1.5nm slit width for measurement of total particulate absorption spectra. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0523/
Turner Designs benchtop fluorometer model 10-000
Turner Designs benchtop fluorometer model 10-000
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Turner Designs benchtop fluorometer model 10-000 PI Supplied Instrument Description:Turner Designs benchtop fluorometer model 10-000. This fluorometer was used for all chlorophyll a measurements. The instrument was calibrated annually using spinach leaf extract calibrated following the trichromatic method as described by Stainton et al. (1977). Instrument Name: Turner Designs Fluorometer-10 Instrument Short Name:Turner Fluorometer-10 Instrument Description: The Turner Designs Model 10 fluorometer (manufactured by Turner Designs, turnerdesigns.com, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) is used to measure Chlorophyll fluorescence. No information could be found for this specific model. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
temperature sensor
temperature sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: temperature sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:The continuous CO2 monitoring system includes a temperature sensor. Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensor Instrument Short Name:Water Temp Sensor Instrument Description: General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
temperature sensor
temperature sensor
PI Supplied Instrument Name: temperature sensor PI Supplied Instrument Description:The continuous CO2 monitoring system includes a temperature sensor. Instrument Name: Water Temperature Sensor Instrument Short Name:Water Temp Sensor Instrument Description: General term for an instrument that measures the temperature of the water with which it is in contact (thermometer). Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/134/
Cruise: Neeskay_Cruises_2017-2020
Neeskay_Cruises_2017-2020
R/V Neeskay
R/V Neeskay
vessel
Neeskay_Cruises_2017-2020
Harvey Bootsma
University of Wisconsin
Cruise: Osprey_Lake_Michigan_2017-2020
Osprey_Lake_Michigan_2017-2020
R/V Osprey
R/V Osprey
vessel
Osprey_Lake_Michigan_2017-2020
Harvey Bootsma
University of Wisconsin
R/V Neeskay
R/V Neeskay
vessel
R/V Osprey
R/V Osprey
vessel