19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:Tb1e,

Basically, the humic acids (HAs) from different soils were isolated and further purified according to an alkaline extraction method from the International Humic Substance Society (IHSS) (Xu et al., 2011). Briefly, the dried soil was pre-treated with a 1 M HCl solution to separate the supernatant (i.e., fulvic acid) from the soil, followed by the addition of 0.1 M KOH under N2 purging and 0.3 M K+, as KCl. Then, the supernatant was acidified to pH of 1.0 using 6 M HCl to precipitate HAs, which were pelleted by centrifugation and then suspended in a 0.1 M HCl/0.3 M HF solution overnight for five times to minimize ash content. After HF digestion, Milli-Q water was used to wash HA with the purpose of minimizing ions. HA characterization data were previously reported elsewhere (Fujitake et al., 2012) and on IHSS website (http://humic-substances.org/13c-nmr-estimates-of-carbon-distribution-in-ihss-samples/).

The HA-groundwater suspension batch experiments were conducted basically similar to a previously reported procedure (Xu et al., 2014). In brief, 5-6 mg of the purified HAs were pre-equilibrated in artificial groundwater in the centrifuge tubes for 48 h at room temperature (20 ºC) to reach the dissolution equilibrium, since the HAs were extraceted under pH < 1 but the pH of artificial groundwater is 5.5. Then, ~50 Bq of each gamma emitting radionuclide, including 234Th, 237Np-233Pa, 210Pb, 7Be and 59Fe was added to the HA-groundwater slurry to a final volume of 4 mL. The radiolabeled HA-groundwater slurry was then mixed continuously for 7 days in the dark with an end-over-end mixer to ensure that quasi-equilibrium was attained15. After one-week period, particulate (>0.45 µm), colloidal (3 kDa to 0.45 µm), and truly dissolved (<3 kDa) phases were size fractionationated by using 0.45 µm centrifugal filter tubes followed by ultrafiltration with 3 kDa Microsep centrifugal filter tubes (Millipore). Each fraction was collected for the measurement of radionuclide activity and organic matter concentrations. All the size fractions, including the particulate, colloidal and truly dissolved phases were corrected to the same volume and geometry for the counting of 234Th, 233Pa, 237Np, 210Pb, 7Be and 59Fe activity concentrations by a Canberra ultrahigh purity germanium well gamma detector.

Concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in the colloidal and truly dissolved fractions were determined using a Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer. The organic carbon and nitrogen concentrations in the particulate phase of the HA-groundwater suspension were calculated as the difference between the total carbon/nitrogen contents of the added HAs and the sum of colloidal and truly dissolved phases.

1b:Td7d,NSF Award Abstract: Particle-associated natural radioisotopes are transported to the ocean floor mostly via silica and carbonate ballasted particles, allowing their use as tracers for particle transport. Th(IV), Pa (IV,V), Po(IV), Pb(II) and Be(II) radionuclides are important proxies in oceanographic investigations, used for tracing particle and colloid cycling, estimating export fluxes of particulate organic carbon, tracing air-sea exchange, paleoproductivity, and/or ocean circulation in paleoceanographic studies. Even though tracer approaches are considered routine, there are cases where data interpretation or validity has become controversial, largely due to uncertainties about inorganic proxies and organic carrier molecules. Recent studies showed that cleaned diatom frustules and pure silica particles, sorb natural radionuclides to a much lower extent (by 1-2 orders of magnitude) than whole diatom cells (with or without shells). Phytoplankton that build siliceous or calcareous shells, such as the diatoms and coccolithophores, are assembled via bio-mineralization processes using biopolymers as nanoscale templates. These templates could serve as possible carriers for radionuclides and stable metals. In this project, a research team at the Texas A & M University at Galveston hypothesize that radionuclide sorption is controlled by selective biopolymers that are associated with biogenic opal (diatoms), CaCO3 (coccolithophores) and the attached exopolymeric substances (EPS), rather than to pure mineral phase. To pursue this idea, the major objectives of their research will include separation, identification and molecular-level characterization of the individual biopolymers (e.g., polysaccharides, uronic acids, proteins, hydroquinones, hydroxamate siderophores, etc.) that are responsible for binding different radionuclides (Th, Pa, Pb, Po and Be) attached to cells or in the matrix of biogenic opal or CaCO3 as well as attached EPS mixture, in laboratory grown diatom and coccolithophore cultures. Laboratory-scale radiolabeling experiments will be conducted, and different separation techniques and characterization techniques will be applied. Intellectual Merit : It is expected that this study will help elucidate the molecular basis of the templated growth of diatoms and coccoliths, EPS and their role in scavenging natural radionuclides in the ocean, and help resolve debates on the oceanographic tracer applications of different natural radioisotopes (230,234Th, 231Pa, 210Po, 210Pb and 7,10Be). The proposed interdisciplinary research project will require instrumental approaches for molecular-level characterization of these radionuclides associated carrier molecules. Broader Impacts: The results of this study will be relevant for understanding biologically mediated ocean scavenging of radionuclides by diatoms and coccoliths which is important for carbon cycling in the ocean, and will contribute to improved interpretation of data obtained by field studies especially through the GEOTRACES program. This new program will enhance training programs at TAMUG for postdocs, graduate and undergraduate students. Lastly, results will be integrated in college courses and out-reach activities at Texas A&M University, including NSF-REU, Sea Camp, Elder Hostel and exhibits at the local science fair and interaction with its after-school program engaging Grade 9-12 students from groups traditionally underrepresented.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"738833","description":"

The uptake and binding of six particle-reactive and/or redox-sensitive radionuclides (210Pb, 234Th, 7Be, 59Fe, 237Np and 233Pa) with different organic functionalities of three size fractions.

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\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Experimental observations of radionuclide uptake by colloidal and particulate humic acids obtained from 14 soils collected worldwide","nickname":"radionuclide uptake by humic acids","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2019-04-01T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"The uptake and binding of six particle-reactive and/or redox-sensitive radionuclides (210Pb, 234Th, 7Be, 59Fe, 237Np and 233Pa) with different organic functionalities of three size fractions.","citation":"Santschi, P., Quigg, A., Schwehr, K., Xu, C. (2019) Experimental observations of radionuclide uptake by colloidal and particulate humic acids obtained from 14 soils collected worldwide. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-04-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.738833.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.738833.1","versionDate":"2019-04-01","versionId":"1","year":"2019","title":"Experimental observations of radionuclide uptake by colloidal and particulate humic acids obtained from 14 soils collected worldwide","authors":"Santschi, P., Quigg, A., Schwehr, K., Xu, C.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.738833.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":null,"end":null},"temporal":{"resolution":"","type":"","start":{"value":"","label":""},"end":{"value":"","label":""}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"","center":{"latitude":0,"longitude":0},"wkt":"","north":0,"east":0,"south":0,"west":0},"dataset_type":["experimental"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"902190","title":"radionuclide_uptake.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/738833/file/DwwxDQGT37Lknj/radionuclide_uptake.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/738833/data/view/902190","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 738833","filename":"radionuclide_uptake.csv","bytesize":2730,"checksum":{"value":"fb679e4c9c94c53d38bd082aebaeaf49","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_738833","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"735998","name":"Peter Santschi"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"736024","name":"Texas A&M, Galveston"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"736000","name":"Antonietta Quigg"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"736024","name":"Texas A&M, Galveston"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"736002","name":"Kathleen Schwehr"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"736024","name":"Texas A&M, Galveston"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"736004","name":"Chen Xu"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"736024","name":"Texas A&M, Galveston"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"708682","name":"Mathew Biddle"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[],"funding":[{"_id":"735995","name":"OCE-1356453","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1356453"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"738844","name":"Beckman Coulter Allegra X-12 centrifuge","description":"Beckman Coulter Allegra X-12 centrifuge","type_id":"629890","type_name":"Centrifuge","type_desc":"A machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from solids.","type_acronym":""},{"_id":"738841","name":"Canberra ultrahigh purity germanium well gamma detector","description":"Canberra ultrahigh purity germanium well gamma detector Model GCW3024","type_id":"670659","type_name":"Gamma Ray Spectrometer","type_desc":"Instruments measuring the relative levels of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the gamma-ray waveband.","type_acronym":""},{"_id":"739032","name":"Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer","description":"Concentrations of organic carbon and nitrogen in the colloidal and truly dissolved fractions were determined using a Shimadzu TOC-L analyzer.","type_id":"527277","type_name":"Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer","type_desc":"A Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.\r\n\r\nDeveloped by Shimadzu, the 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method is now used worldwide. One of its most important features is the capacity to efficiently oxidize hard-to-decompose organic compounds, including insoluble and macromolecular organic compounds. The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method has been adopted for the TOC-L series.\r\n\r\nhttp://www.shimadzu.com/an/toc/lab/toc-l2.html","type_acronym":"Shimadzu TOC-L"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"739033","name":"Sample_ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Identifier for the sample

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unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

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Particulate activity percentage for Lead 210

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Particulate activity percentage for Thorium 234

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Particulate activity percentage for Beryllium 7

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Particulate activity percentage for Iron 59

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

"}},{"_id":"739038","name":"part_237Np","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Particulate activity percentage for Neptunium 237

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Particulate activity percentage for Protactinium 233

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Colloidal activity percentage for Lead 210

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Colloidal activity percentage for Thorium 234

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Colloidal activity percentage for Beryllium 7

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Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

"}},{"_id":"739043","name":"col_59Fe","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Colloidal activity percentage for Iron 59

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1948","name":"radioactive_isotope_conc","description":"

Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Colloidal activity percentage for Neptunium 237

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1948","name":"radioactive_isotope_conc","description":"

Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

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Colloidal activity percentage for Protactinium 233

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1948","name":"radioactive_isotope_conc","description":"

Concentration of a radioactive isotope in seawater. Refer to dataset for isotope name and units.

"}},{"_id":"739046","name":"logKd_210Pb","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

partitioning coefficient (logKd) for Lead 210

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient (logKd) for Thorium 234

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient (logKd) for Beryllium 7

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"739049","name":"logKd_59Fe","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

partitioning coefficient (logKd) for Iron 59

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"739050","name":"logKd_237Np","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

partitioning coefficient (logKd) for Neptunium 237

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"739051","name":"logKd_233Pa","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

partitioning coefficient (logKd) for Protactinium 233

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"739052","name":"logKdc_210Pb","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

partitioning coefficient in colloidal fraction (logKdc) for Lead 210

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient in colloidal fraction (logKdc) for Thorium 234

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient in colloidal fraction (logKdc) for Beryllium 7

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient in colloidal fraction (logKdc) for Iron 59

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient in colloidal fraction (logKdc) for Neptunium 237

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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partitioning coefficient in colloidal fraction (logKdc) for Protactinium 233

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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Concentration of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

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Particulate Organic Carbon. Units may be micrograms/Liter, milligrams/Liter or milligrams/meter^3

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Concentration of Particulate Nitrogen (PN) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

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Organic plus inorganic particulate nitrogen

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Concentration of Colloidal Organic Carbon (COC) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"739061","name":"CON","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Concentration of Colloidal Organic Nitrogen (CON) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

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An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

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Percentage of Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

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Particulate Organic Carbon. Units may be micrograms/Liter, milligrams/Liter or milligrams/meter^3

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Percentage of Particulate Nitrogen (PN) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

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Organic plus inorganic particulate nitrogen

"}},{"_id":"739064","name":"pcnt_COC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Percentage of Colloidal Organic Carbon (COC) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"739065","name":"pcnt_CON","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Percentage of Colloidal Organic Nitrogen (CON) after one week HAs-groundwater resuspension

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"764000","name":"No","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

site number

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Alphanumeric string used as the ID for a sampling site

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Sample description

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text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"764002","name":"Site","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Name of site.

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Sampling site identification.

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Soil Order

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text description or other traits of the sample collected

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Land use description

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