Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

Barnacle larvae settlement rates of Chthamalus fissus were measured in the rocky intertidal on settlement plates and compared with rates in larval traps at the same location. Settlement plates were deployed at Bird Rock, La Jolla, CA in the southern California nearshore from June 2014 to August 2015.

To compare larval supply and settlement, we established 8 locations within our study site where larval supply and settlement were concurrently measured each day during the spring-summer 2014 and 2015. We deployed 6 cylindrical PVC larval traps during the lowest low tide at locations approximately 0.66 to 12.6 m west from each settlement location to measure Chthamalus fissus barnacle larval supply. Traps measured 18.2 cm high by 8.7 cm in diameter and the interior consisted of a segmented funnel that emptied into a 100 µm mesh collection net. 

Daily settlement was measured by deploying settlement plates on rocks adjacent to larval traps during the lowest low tide (with the distances between described above). The tops of the larval traps and center line of the settlement plates were deployed at approximately the same elevation (average elevation of all traps and plates was 0.4 m relative to mean lower low water (MLLW), with a range of 0.3 m to 0.5 m relative to MLLW). Settlement rate, the number of individuals per cm2 per day was measured using PVC settlement plates with three grooves that provided 1.9 cm2 (each ~95 mm long, 6 mm wide, 1 mm high).

Larval supply and settlement collections and comparisons are also described in Hargenrader, C. S. (2018).

BCO-DMO data manager processing notes:
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- reduced number of digits to right of decimal from 12 to 3 places for settlement rates
- re-formatted date from m/d/yyyy to yyyy-mm-dd

Description from NSF award abstract:
Providing an award for this study will provide essential knowledge required for management of coastal resources. This study addresses near shore cross-shore larval transport processes that operate over wide geographic areas in open coast settings, namely larval transport by wave circulation / Stokes drift, and by internal tidal bores. Larval transport by wave circulation / Stokes drift is a ubiquitous process that has not been studied observationally, and it is not known how internal tidal bores deliver larvae to intertidal habitats. This project will examine near shore (region between 20 m depth and intertidal) physical and biological processes that account for the delivery of larvae to adult habitats. The study system in Southern California shares similarities with most other temperate areas and we will study marine taxa that are widely distributed and successful in a variety of environments.

Recent studies suggest that larval transport in the near shore zone plays a central role in larval dispersal and connectivity of shallow water species. These recent advances, however, have not been matched with process-oriented studies addressing circulation and behavioral processes at the appropriate temporal and spatial scales, and only a few larval transport mechanisms have been considered for near shore open coastlines. Recent advances in our understanding of hydrodynamic processes driving cross-shore flows and growing awareness of the importance of the processes to larval transport, however, make this study timely. The investigators hypothesize that a series of physical and biological events results in the delivery of invertebrate larvae to the intertidal habitat. These events include physical transport due to wave circulation / Stokes drift near the surface and internal tide circulation near the bottom, alteration of behavior for terminal larval stages, and larval use of "adaptive" behavioral responses to exploit event-dependent flows. Further, they suggest that the predominance of wave circulation / Stokes drift and internal tide circulation varies seasonally, with internal tidal bores important in spring/summer, when the water column is well-stratified, and wave circulation / Stokes drift more pervasive in fall/winter, coinciding with winter storms. The hypotheses in this study will be tested with estimates of physical transport, larval supply and settlement. These measurements will be combined with use of adaptive sampling to test the dependence of larval vertical distribution on changes in hydrodynamic conditions.

Results from this study will have important ecological implications as wave circulation / Stokes drift and internal motions may represent critical and regular transport mechanisms for larvae of marine organisms that must return to near shore habitats to complete their life cycle, thereby impacting population connectivity and management strategies used by coastal planners (e.g., ecosystem-based fisheries management, placement of Marine Protected Areas).