19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T1254,NSF abstract: If life were to disappear from the deep sea, would we notice? We only have a cursory understanding of this vast region and the connectivity among its communities and the rest of the oceans, and yet the ecosystems of the deep sea have been implicated in the larger function of the global marine ecosystems. We now rely on the deep ocean for food, energy, novel drugs and materials, and for its role in the global cycling of carbon, as well as for supporting services such as habitat creation, nutrient replenishment for shallow waters, and the maintenance of biodiversity. Cold seeps, active areas of the seafloor where methane and other chemicals are released, are key features along the continental margins worldwide. To characterize how methane seep communities interact with the surrounding ecosystems and vice versa, we will study methane seeps off the Pacific coast of Costa Rica in 2017 and 2018. It is the sphere of influence around the seep, both along the seafloor and up into the water column, that we seek to better understand. We will map the structure and the chemistry surrounding these habitats using a novel 3-dimensional framework, combining typical transects with vertical characterizations of the water column just above the seafloor. This will include measurements of methane flux into the water column and changes in the overlying carbonate chemistry and oxygen levels that are critical to our understanding of the effect of warming, oxygen loss and ocean acidification in this region. Within this framework, we will collect seep organisms in sediments and on rocks (including all sizes from microbes to large animals), and transplant some of these from within the area of seep influence to the background deep sea, and vice-versa. Together, these studies will help us to measure the size of the seep sphere of influence, and also demonstrate the role of these seeps within the deep sea and the greater, global, marine ecosystem. We will share this information with a group of teachers during a series of workshops in the San Diego area, at an exhibit at the Birch Aquarium, and through the work of an artist who has worked extensively with marine organisms in extreme environments. Chemosynthetic ecosystems are inextricably linked to the broader world-ocean biome and global biogeochemical cycles in ways that we are just beginning to understand. This research will identify the form, extent, and nature of the physical, chemical, and biological linkages between methane seeps and the surrounding deep-sea ecosystem. The proposed research builds critical understanding of the structural and functional processes that underpin the ecosystem services provided by chemosynthetic ecosystems. We target a critical continental margin, Costa Rica, where methane fates and dynamics loom large and play out in an setting that reflects many oceanographic stressors. We will use quantitative sampling and manipulative studies within a 3-dimensional oceanographic framework. We will ask what are the shapes of the diversity and density functions for organisms of different size classes and trophic position over the transition from the seep habitat through the ecotone to the background deep sea? Further, we will ask how do depth, dissolved oxygen concentrations, pH and carbonate ion availability, relative rates of fluid flux, and substrate (biogenic, authigenic carbonate, sediments) alter these linkages and interactions with the surrounding deep sea? Evidence for distinct transitional communities and biotic patterns in density and alpha and beta diversity will be quantified and placed in a global biogeographic context. All of these investigations will occur across biological size spectra: for microorganisms (archaea, bacteria, microeukaryotes), the macrofauna, and the megafauna that form biogenic habitats. Our research results will be interpreted in the context of potential effects of global ocean change in the equatorial Pacific to determine how the linkages with the surrounding deep sea will be altered as anthropogenic impacts proceed in the future. Related publications: Levin, L.A., V.J. Orphan, G.W. Rouse, W. Ussler, A. E. Rathburn, G. S. Cook, S. Goffredi, E. Perez, A. Waren, B. Grupe, G. Chadwick, B. Strickrott. (2012). A hydrothermal seep on the Costa Rica margin: Middle ground in a continuum of reducing ecosystems. Proc. Royal Soc. B. 279: 2580-88 doi: 10.1098/rspb.2012.0205 Sahling, H., Masson, D. G., Ranero, C. R., Hühnerbach, V., Weinrebe, W., Klaucke, I., & Suess, E. (2008). Fluid seepage at the continental margin offshore Costa Rica and southern Nicaragua. Geochemistry, Geophysics, Geosystems 9: doi: 10.1029/2008GC0019786:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"747575","description":"

Averages and standard deviation across species for all macrofauna found on each carbonate rock collected during AT37-13.

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Carbonate rocks were collected across seepage gradients at Mound 12 using HOV Alvin, and washed in miliQ water onboard. Before preserving, the sample was kept cold and animals were picked to sample tissue for isotope analysis. The tissue (aprox. 0.5 mg) was placed in pre weighted tin boats or combusted vials (500C overnight) and frozen at -70C. The remaining washed sample was sieved through 0.3 mm mesh, separating the sample in two fractions (a fine fraction with the meiofauna, and a coarser one with the macrofauna), both preserved in 96% Ethanol. In the laboratory, tissue samples were oven dried (60C) overnight, weighed and acidified with 12.5-25 ul 1N H3PO4 to remove inorganic C.

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Stable isotope measurements (d13C and d15N) were carried out using a Costech elemental analyzer coupled to a Micromass Iso-prime isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS) at Washington State University.

BCO-DMO Processing:

modified parameter names;
replaced \"-\" with \"nd\" (no data)
replaced , with ; in substrate_number_and_dive column

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Usually used for samples including organic material.","type_acronym":""},{"_id":"747586","name":"Micromass Iso-prime isotope ratio mass spectrometer","description":"Stable isotopes measurements (d13C and d15N) were carried out using a Costech elemental analyzer coupled to a Micromass Iso-prime isotope ratio mass spectrometer (EA/IRMS) at Washington State University.","type_id":"469","type_name":"Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer","type_desc":"The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).","type_acronym":"IR Mass Spec; IRMS"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"845737","name":"Cruise","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Cruise ID, either AT37-13 or AT42-03

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"789","name":"cruiseid","description":"

cruise identifier, e.g. en9402 R/V Endeavor cruise 9402

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Site name

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1740","name":"site_descrip","description":"

Description or characteristics of a sampling site

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description

","units":{"_id":"","name":"units"},"type":{"_id":"1850","name":"exp_type","description":"

Experiment type or description

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Substrate number and Alivn dive from which the sample was collected

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Unique dive id or number for ROV, AUV or HOV type system dive or deployment

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Seepage activity (active or inactive)

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Description or characteristics of a sampling site

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Average of carbon isotope signature of animals on that substrate

","units":{"_id":"","name":"per mil"},"type":{"_id":"671305","name":"d13C","description":"

Delta 13C (d13C) is the ratio of stable isotopes 13C:12C, reported in parts per thousand (per mil, ‰).

"}},{"_id":"845743","name":"d15N_avg","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Average of nitrogen isotope signature of animals on that substrate

","units":{"_id":"","name":"per mil"},"type":{"_id":"711970","name":"d15N","description":"

delta 15N (d15N) is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is commonly reported in parts per thousand (per mil, 0/00).

"}},{"_id":"845744","name":"d13C_sd","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Average of nitrogen isotope signature of animals on that substrate

","units":{"_id":"","name":"per mil"},"type":{"_id":"711970","name":"d15N","description":"

delta 15N (d15N) is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is commonly reported in parts per thousand (per mil, 0/00).

"}},{"_id":"845745","name":"d15N_sd","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Standard deviation of nitrogen isotope signature of animals on that substrate

","units":{"_id":"","name":"per mil"},"type":{"_id":"711970","name":"d15N","description":"

delta 15N (d15N) is a measure of the ratio of stable isotopes 15N:14N. It is commonly reported in parts per thousand (per mil, 0/00).

"}},{"_id":"845746","name":"Latitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Latitude of sampling location

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"845747","name":"Longitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Longitude of sampling location

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

"}}],"related_publications":[],"related_datasets":[{"_id":"747645","name":"[DEPRECATED] AT37-13 Colonization Experiment Isotopes","url":"","relation_type":"Replaces Old Versions","type_desc":"

A related dataset that is supplanted, displaced, or superseded by this dataset because of a correction.

\n","relation_desc":"Dataset 747645 \"AT37-13 Colonization Experiment Isotopes\" has been replaced by dataset 747575 v2. ","citation":"Levin, L. A., Rouse, G. (2018) [DEPRECATED] Averages and standard deviation of stable isotopes (d13C and d15N) across species for all macrofauna found on each substrate (carbonate rocks, woods, and bones) of the colonization experiment held in Mound 12. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2018-10-08 http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/747645"},{"_id":"747699","name":"Hard Substrates Community Matrix, AT37-13 & AT42-03","url":"","relation_type":"IsReferencedBy","type_desc":"

A dataset that was used as a source of information.

\n","relation_desc":"Isotopic dataset related to sampled hard substrates","citation":"Levin, L. A., Rouse, G., Pereira, O. S. (2021) Matrix of taxon by sample for hard substrates collected by HOV Alvin during R/V Atlantis cruise AT37-13 and AT42-03 in the Pacific margin of Costa Rica in 2017 and 2018. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2021-03-16 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.747699.2"},{"_id":"960511","name":"Carbonate rock species composition","url":"","relation_type":"IsRelatedTo","type_desc":"

The dataset is related to another dataset.

\n","relation_desc":"Carbonate rock species composition from samples.","citation":"Pereira, O. S., Levin, L. A. (2025) Carbonate rock species composition from samples collected by HOV Alvin during R/V Atlantis cruises AT37-13 and AT42-03 and ROV SuBastian during R/V Falkor cruise FK190106 at Pacific margin of Costa Rica from 2017 to 2019. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2025-07-03 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.960511.1"}],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/747575/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/747575/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/747575/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/747575/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"648472","name":"Collaborative research: Quantifying the biological, chemical, and physical linkages between chemosynthetic communities and the surrounding deep sea","acronym":"Costa Rica Seeps","description":"$1a"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.747575.2","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.747575.2","date_assigned":"2021-04-22","version_date":"2021-02-17","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"},{"id_value":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.747575.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.747575.1","date_assigned":"2020-01-14","version_date":"2020-01-09","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":215},"downloads":{"count":537}}}}]