| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Baumann, Hannes | University of Connecticut (UConn) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
| Murray, Christopher S. | University of Connecticut (UConn - Avery Point) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Wiley, David | Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Morphometric source data of 2016-2018 experimental work on the sensitivity of northern sand lance offspring to combined ocean warming and acidification.
Spawning-ripe sand lance were collected from SBNMS (42° 9' 58.26'' N, 70° 18' 44.19'' W) on 2 December 2016 and 22 November 2017, using a 1.3 × 0.7 m beam trawl (6 mm mesh) towed at 3 knots for 15 minutes.
We tested factorial combinations of three pCO2 × three temperature levels. The target for pCO2 controls was 400 µatm (~8.15 pHNIST), a level characteristic of the average open ocean and of the A. dubius spawning habitat in late fall (Salisbury & Jönsson, 2018). As contrasts, we chose 1,000 µatm (~7.78 pH) and 2,100 µatm (~7.48 pH), which correspond to predicted average ocean pCO2 levels by the years 2100 and 2300, respectively.
Response traits: Sub-sampled hatchlings were measured for two body size metrics; standard length, somatic body area (nearest 0.01 mm2), and two measures of remaining endogenous energy reserves; yolk sac area (nearest 0.001 mm2), and oil globule area (nearest 0.001 mm2).
Data processing: Data were cross-checked with hand-written notes, checked for outliers/erroneous entries/numbers.
BCO-DMO Data Processing:
- modified parameter names (replaced spaces with underscores)
- converted latitude and longitude from degrees, minutes, seconds to decimal degrees
- reformatted date from mm/dd/yyyy to yyyy-mm-dd
- replaced "n/a" with "nd" (no data).
| File |
|---|
sand_lance_morphometrics.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 222.50 KB) MD5:1df6be2d6a09973be36cdc93e2815be5 Primary data file for dataset ID 749958 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| trial | Trial number | unitless |
| species | Ammodytes dubius, the northern sand lance | unitless |
| adult_collection_site | Site of the collection of wild adult spawners | unitless |
| latitude | Latitude of adult collection site | decimal degrees |
| longitude | Longitude of adult collection site | decimal degrees |
| tank | Tank number | unitless |
| replicate | Within experiment replicate number | unitless |
| temperature | Average temperature experienced by fish in degrees celsius | degrees Celsius |
| pH | Average pH level experienced by the fish NBS | pH NBS |
| pCO2 | Calculated average pCO2 levels in uatm calculated by CO2SYS based on alkalinity, pH, and temperature | uatm |
| fertilization_date | Date offspring were fertilized by stripspawning 10+ adults of each sex; format: yyyy-mm-dd | unitless |
| sample_date | Date offspring were sampled from replicates and preserved; format: yyyy-mm-dd | unitless |
| age | The age of the larvae in days post-fertilization | days |
| sample_type | The sample group; either at hatch or 150 degree days post-hatch | unitless |
| SL | Larval standard length (mm) | millimeters (mm) |
| SA | Larval somatic body area at hatch (mm^2) | millimeters squared (mm^2) |
| YSA | Larval yolk-sac area at hatch (mm^2) | millimeters squared (mm^2) |
| OGA | Larval oil globule area at hatch (mm^2) | millimeters squared (mm^2) |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | beam trawl |
| Generic Instrument Name | Beam Trawl |
| Dataset-specific Description | Spawning-ripe sand lance were collected using a beam trawl. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A beam trawl consists of a cone-shaped body ending in a bag or codend, which retains the catch. In these trawls the horizontal opening of the net is provided by a beam, made of wood or metal, which is up to 12 m long. The vertical opening is provided by two hoop-like trawl shoes mostly made from steel. No hydrodynamic forces are needed to keep a beam trawl open. The beam trawl is normally towed on outriggers, one trawl on each side.
While fishing for flatfish the beam trawl is often equipped with tickler chains to disturb the fish from the seabed. For operations on very rough fishing grounds they can be equipped with chain matrices. Chain matrices are rigged between the beam and the groundrope and prevent boulders/stones from being caught by the trawl. Shrimp beam trawls are not so heavy and have smaller mesh sizes. A bobbin of groundrope with rubber bobbins keeps the shrimp beam trawl in contact with the bottom and gives flatfish the opportunity to escape.
Close bottom contact is necessary for successful operation. To avoid bycatch of most juvenile fishes selectivity devices are assembled (sieve nets, sorting grids, escape holes). While targeting flatfish the beam trawls are towed up to seven knots, therefore the gear is very heavy; the largest gears weighs up to 10 ton. The towing speed for shrimp is between 2.5 and 3 knots.
(from: http://www.fao.org/fishery/geartype/305/en) |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | pH electrode |
| Generic Instrument Name | pH Sensor |
| Dataset-specific Description | pH electrode (Hach pHD, calibrated weekly using 2-point pHNIST references) |
| Generic Instrument Description | An instrument that measures the hydrogen ion activity in solutions.
The overall concentration of hydrogen ions is inversely related to its pH. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and indicates whether acidic (more H+) or basic (less H+). |
Objectives:
This proposal will quantify the sensitivity of a key forage fish in the Northwest Atlantic to the individual and combined effects of the major factors comprising the ocean climate change syndrome: warming, acidification, and deoxygenation. We will rear embryos of Northern sand lance Ammodytes dubius, obtained by strip-spawning wild adults from the Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary (SBNMS) through larval and early juvenile stages in a purposebuilt factorial system at different factorial combinations of temperature × CO2 × oxygen.
Our first objective is to quantify individual and combined effects of temperature × CO2 (year 1) and temperature × CO2 × DO (year 2) on A. dubius growth and survival. We hypothesize that warming in combination with high CO2 (low pH) will have additive or synergistically negative effects, whereas the addition of low DO as a third stressor will have stark, synergistically negative effects on all traits.
Our second objective is to characterize the swimming behavior of A. dubius larvae that have been reared under combinations of elevated temperature × CO2. We hypothesize that combined stressors will have synergistically negative effects on the development of larval sensory systems, which express themselves and can thus be quantified as changes in larval swimming behavior.
Our third objective is to take advantage of the rare winter sampling activities for this project to quantify CO2, pH, and DO variability in benthic waters on Stellwagen Bank through bottle collections and short-term sensor deployments. We hypothesize that bottom water pH and DO levels during the sand lance spawning season might be routinely lower than levels in surface waters.
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) | |
| New Hampshire Sea Grant (NHSG) |