1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T5c1,

The seawater samples were collected by transferring water from a Niskin bottle into a pre-washed and pre-baked Pyrex 250ml bottle with a ground glass top. The water was overflowed for at least one bottle volume. The sample was poisoned by adding 100uL of saturated HgCl2 solution. A greased glass stopper was inserted and rotated to insure an air tight seal. The bottle was stored at room temperature. Tests in the lab have indicated that a sample collected correctly can be stored for more than 1 year without significant offset in the d13C value.

The d13C value of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) in seawater was measured by: (i) drawing the seawater sample into an evacuated gravimetrically calibrated burette; (ii) transferring the sample to a helium bubbler; (iii) acidifying with 50% phosphoric acid; (iv) stripping with 99.999% pure He at a flow rate of 40 cubic cm per minute for 30 minutes and collecting the CO2 at -196 °C, after trapping out water at -78 °C. The d13C of the CO2 gas was measured on a Thermo Scientific MAT253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The N2O correction was less than 0.02 ‰ based on the measured mass 30/44 ratio. The d13C value is reported in per mil units (‰) relative to PDB based on working lab standards calibrated against NBS-19. The overall precision of d13C measurement was ±0.03 ‰ based on measured duplicate samples.

For complete sampling and analytical methodologies, refer to Quay et al. 2003.

1d:Tca6,Description from NSF award abstract: In pursuit of its goal "to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions", in 2015 the International GEOTRACES Program will embark on several years of research in the Arctic Ocean. In a region where climate warming and general environmental change are occurring at amazing speed, research such as this is important for understanding the current state of Arctic Ocean geochemistry and for developing predictive capability as the regional ecosystem continues to warm and influence global oceanic and climatic conditions. The three investigators funded on this award, will manage a large team of U.S.scientists who will compete through the regular NSF proposal process to contribute their own unique expertise in marine trace metal, isotopic, and carbon cycle geochemistry to the U.S. effort. The three managers will be responsible for arranging and overseeing at-sea technical services such as hydrographic measurements, nutrient analyses, and around-the-clock management of on-deck sampling activites upon which all participants depend, and for organizing all pre- and post-cruise technical support and scientific meetings. The management team will also lead educational outreach activities for the general public in Nome and Barrow, Alaska, to explain the significance of the study to these communities and to learn from residents' insights on observed changes in the marine system. The project itself will provide for the support and training of a number of pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral researchers. Inasmuch as the Arctic Ocean is an epicenter of global climate change, findings of this study are expected to advance present capability to forecast changes in regional and globlal ecosystem and climate system functioning. As the United States' contribution to the International GEOTRACES Arctic Ocean initiative, this project will be part of an ongoing multi-national effort to further scientific knowledge about trace elements and isotopes in the world ocean. This U.S. expedition will focus on the western Arctic Ocean in the boreal summer of 2015. The scientific team will consist of the management team funded through this award plus a team of scientists from U.S. academic institutions who will have successfully competed for and received NSF funds for specific science projects in time to participate in the final stages of cruise planning. The cruise track segments will include the Bering Strait, Chukchi shelf, and the deep Canada Basin. Several stations will be designated as so-called super stations for intense study of atmospheric aerosols, sea ice, and sediment chemistry as well as water-column processes. In total, the set of coordinated international expeditions will involve the deployment of ice-capable research ships from 6 nations (US, Canada, Germany, Sweden, UK, and Russia) across different parts of the Arctic Ocean, and application of state-of-the-art methods to unravel the complex dynamics of trace metals and isotopes that are important as oceanographic and biogeochemical tracers in the sea.1e:T981,NSF Award Abstract: A scientist from the University of Washington will participate in the 2015 U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic Ocean cruise and measure the vertical distribution of the stable isotopes of carbon found in dissolved inorganic carbon (del13C), a tracer of biogeochemical cycling. In addition, he will determine the spatial variation in the ratio of oxygen gas to argon gas (O2/Ar) in surface water samples because this ratio can be used as a proxy for organic matter export. In common with other multinational initiatives in the International GEOTRACES Program, the goals of the U.S. Arctic expedition are to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions. Some trace elements are essential to life, others are known biological toxins, and still others are important because they can be used as tracers of a variety of physical, chemical, and biological processes in the sea. Results from this study will further our understanding of the processes that control observed trace elements, nutrients, and the stable carbon isotopes in dissolved inorganic carbon in the present day ocean and use this information to gain information on past changes in ocean circulation on carbon cycling. This project will also provide training opportunities for undergraduate students, and results will be integrated into public outreach activities and material for class lectures. A better understanding of the impact of physical and biological processes on the distribution of nutrient and trace elements in the modern ocean is critical to our interpretation of future changes in their distributions in the Arctic and their utility as proxies of circulation and biological pump conditions in the historic ocean. One key parameter needed to understand these processes is del13C of dissolved inorganic carbon, for which little to no data currently exists in the Arctic Ocean. This study will aim to measure the depth distribution of the del13C of dissolved inorganic carbon and the dissolved O2/Ar ratio in the surface layer of the ocean. These measurements will help to quantify the contributions of chemical processes and the biological pump on the spatial distribution of nutrients, trace elements, and del13C, as well as estimate organic matter export rates from the surface ocean.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"751211","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"$1c","processing":"

BCO-DMO Processing:
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\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"The ratio of 13C to 12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured during the GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY 1502, ARC01) during Fall 2015","nickname":"GN01 d13C-DIC","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"2","version_date":"2019-09-20T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"The ratio of 13C to 12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured during the GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY 1502, ARC01) during Fall 2015.","citation":"Quay, P. (2021) The ratio of 13C to 12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured during the GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY 1502, ARC01) during Fall 2015. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2019-09-20 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.751211.2 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.751211.2","versionDate":"2019-09-20","versionId":"2","year":"2021","title":"The ratio of 13C to 12C of dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) measured during the GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY 1502, ARC01) during Fall 2015","authors":"Quay, P.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.751211.2","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2015-08-12T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2015-10-07T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1439352000","label":"2015-08-12"},"end":{"value":"1444190400","label":"2015-10-07"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":75.1198,"longitude":-0.34685},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-179.8934 60.252, 179.1997 60.252, 179.1997 89.9876, -179.8934 89.9876, -179.8934 60.252))","north":89.9876,"east":179.1997,"south":60.252,"west":-179.8934},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"902382","title":"d13C_DIC.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/751211/file/VJJWqN7cxvXlwP/d13C_DIC.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/751211/data/view/902382","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 751211","filename":"d13C_DIC.csv","bytesize":35318,"checksum":{"value":"a3701b71b779f32fa93d3b0bf1abf01d","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"50590","name":"Paul Quay"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"27","name":"University of Washington"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"638807","name":"HLY1502","synonyms":["GN01","U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic","32H120150809"],"dates":{"start":"2015-08-09T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2015-10-12T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"523769","name":"USCGC Healy"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"50615","name":"David C. Kadko","role":"Chief Scientist"},{"id":"51302","name":"William M. Landing","role":"Co-Chief Scientist"}]}],"funding":[{"_id":"751213","name":"OCE-1433349","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1433349"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"751419","name":"Thermo Scientific MAT253","description":"The d13C of the CO2 gas was measured on a Thermo Scientific MAT253 isotope ratio mass spectrometer.","type_id":"469","type_name":"Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer","type_desc":"The Isotope-ratio Mass Spectrometer is a particular type of mass spectrometer used to measure the relative abundance of isotopes in a given sample (e.g. VG Prism II Isotope Ratio Mass-Spectrometer).","type_acronym":"IR Mass Spec; IRMS"},{"_id":"751418","name":"Niskin bottle","description":"The seawater samples were collected by transferring water from a Niskin bottle into a pre-washed and pre-baked Pyrex 250ml bottle with a ground glass top.","type_id":"413","type_name":"Niskin bottle","type_desc":"A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.","type_acronym":"Niskin bottle"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"751362","name":"EXPOCODE","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Cruise identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"645727","name":"EXPOCODE","description":"

Used as a unique identifier for a cruise. Usual generation formula is ICES 4 character platform code then the cruise departure date in YYYYMDD format. An underscore character may also be present.

"}},{"_id":"751363","name":"SECT_ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

GO SHIP Cruise Identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1102","name":"cruise_id","description":"

cruise designation; name

"}},{"_id":"751364","name":"GEOTRC_EVENTNO","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

GEOTRACES event number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"829","name":"event","description":"

Event or operation identifier; event or operation number; often derived from date/time (MMDDHHmm) of sampling and when combined with year (YYYY) is a unique sampling identifier/data processing key. Date/time is not necessarily in GMT.

"}},{"_id":"751365","name":"STNNBR","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Station number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"987","name":"station","description":"

Station identifier; a unique number or alphanumeric string designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

"}},{"_id":"751366","name":"CASTNO","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Cast number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"761","name":"cast","description":"

cast or profile number

"}},{"_id":"751367","name":"Coll_Date","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sample collection date. Format: yyyymmdd

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1070","name":"date","description":"

date; generally reported in GMT as YYYYMMDD (year; month; day); also as MMDD (month; day); EqPac dates are local Hawaii time. ISO_Date format is YYYY-MM-DD (http://www.iso.org/iso/home/standards/iso8601.htm)

"}},{"_id":"751368","name":"TIME","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sample collection date. Format: HHMM

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1075","name":"time","description":"

Time GMT defined as HHMM; time of day; generally reported in GMT as HHMM (hours and minutes) but may also be HH.H (decimal hours) or HHMMSS (hours; minutes and seconds); in EqPac time is reported as Hawaii local time

"}},{"_id":"751369","name":"LATITUDE","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"751370","name":"LONGITUDE","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude (- value = W; + value = East)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"751371","name":"GEOTRC_SAMPNO","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

GEOTRACES sample number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"751372","name":"SAMPNO","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sample number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"751373","name":"BTLNBR","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Niskin bottle number

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"757","name":"bottle","description":"

water bottle number, generally assigned to a position on a CTD rosette, identifies all samples drawn from a given bottle

"}},{"_id":"751374","name":"BTLNBR_FLAG_W","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

QC flag for bottle performance

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1144","name":"q_flag","description":"

quality flag; based on a PI established code; identifies a problem/quality issue with sample(s) from a given water bottle or single observation

"}},{"_id":"752618","name":"Depth","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sample depth

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"752619","name":"DIC_13_12_D_DELTA_BOTTLE","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

delta13C in per mil units relative to PDB

","units":{"_id":"","name":"per mil"},"type":{"_id":"1903","name":"d13C_DIC","description":"

Stable carbon isotope ratio of dissolved inorganic carbon (13C/12C ratio in DIC).

"}},{"_id":"752620","name":"DIC_13_12_D_DELTA_BOTTLE_FLAG","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

QC flag for DIC_13_12_D_DELTA_BOTTLE (2=good, 3=questionable, 4=bad and 6 = duplicate)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1144","name":"q_flag","description":"

quality flag; based on a PI established code; identifies a problem/quality issue with sample(s) from a given water bottle or single observation

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"751224","citation":"Quay, P., Sonnerup, R., Westby, T., Stutsman, J., & McNichol, A. (2003). Changes in the13C/12C of dissolved inorganic carbon in the ocean as a tracer of anthropogenic CO2uptake. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 17(1), 4–1–4–20. doi:10.1029/2001gb001817\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/751211/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/751211/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/751211/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/751211/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[{"_id":"2022","name":"U.S. GEOTRACES","acronym":"U.S. GEOTRACES"}],"projects":[{"_id":"638812","name":"U.S. Arctic GEOTRACES Study (GN01)","acronym":"U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic","description":"$1d"},{"_id":"751214","name":"US GEOTRACES ARCTIC: Measuring stable isotopes of carbon in dissolved inorganic carbon and oxygen/argon gas ratios to show impact of organic matter export on nutrient distributions","acronym":"GEOTRACES Arctic del13C","description":"$1e"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.751211.2","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.751211.2","date_assigned":"2021-05-12","version_date":"2019-09-20","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":257},"downloads":{"count":385}}},"fileId":"902382"}]