http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/752953 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2019-01-16 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017 2019-01-14 publication 2019-01-14 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2019-09-25 publication https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.752953.1 Shawn M. Arellano Western Washington University principalInvestigator M. Brady Olson Western Washington University principalInvestigator Sylvia Yang Western Washington University principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Arellano, S., Olson, B., Yang, S. (2019) Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-01-14 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.752953.1 [access date] Dendraster Behavior in OA, Expt 2017 Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;Data collected from a laboratory water column experiment&amp;nbsp;to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus).&lt;/p&gt; Methods and Sampling: &lt;p&gt;Spawning and fertilization:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We collected adult sand dollars (D. excentricus) from Semiahmoo Bay, WA, on July 7, 2017, and maintained them in 14°C continuous flowing seawater at the Shannon Point Marine Center. On July 12, 2017, we induced twelve individuals to spawn by injecting 1-mL of 0.5-M KCl into the coelom following methods outlined by Strathmann (1987).&amp;nbsp; We then collected and mixed concentrated gametes of four males and four females for fertilization. We added five drops of sperm to 500-mL of filtered seawater and 5-mL of eggs. We placed the fertilized eggs in 12°C incubator and bubbled them with ambient pCO2 condition for 12-hrs before dividing the embryos into pCO2 treatment conditions before gastrulation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Larval Rearing&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We reared D. excentricus larvae (2 individuals mL-1) at 12°C in eight 3-L jars that were individually bubbled with CO2 to achieve four replicates of ambient (400ppm) and acidic (1500ppm) pCO2 conditions. Each jar of larvae received a water change with pre-equilibrated 0.35-m filtered ambient and acidic seawater and fed the larvae D. tertiolecta (6,000 cells ml-1) daily. Pre-equilibrated ambient and acidic water was held in tanks within the same 12°C incubator as the rearing jars.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Experimental Design&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We conducted two behavioral experiments; one when the larvae were 4-arm pleutei and one when the larvae were 6-armed pleutei.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To measure the effect of pH conditions on the vertical distribution of larvae we established three experimental pycnocline treatments within clear plexiglass water columns (2.5cm x 2.5cm x 30cm): (1) ambient water (400ppm) in the top layer and acidic water in the bottom layer (1500ppm), (2) ambient water (400ppm) in both top and bottom layers, and (3) acidic water (1500ppm) in the top layer and ambient water (400ppm) in the bottom layer. Each water layer was 60-mL of water and filled the column 10-cm high, so when each experimental treatment was established it filled the column to 20-cm. We established the experimental treatments by increasing the density of seawater in the bottom layer by 0.003-0.005 g ml-1 using PercollTM GE Healthcare (Podolsky &amp;amp; Emlet 1993). Experimental treatment water was kept at 12°C and pre-equilibrated to the desired pCO2 level and density. We also included blue food coloring (1 drop per 100-mL) to the dense bottom layer to more easily visualize the density layers while establishing experimental treatments. We set-up four replicate columns for each experimental treatment making twelve columns total per experiment.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Columns were positioned in a randomized order along the table of a walk-in incubator set to 12°C. Once columns were in position and treatments were established, we carefully injected 150 larvae by syringe into the bottom 2-cm of each column with no more than 2-mL of their culture water. Larvae were given 10 minutes in darkness to acclimate before we performed the first count of vertical positions of larvae in each water column. At 30 minutes of acclimation, we performed a second count of vertical positions of larvae in each column. For each larval count, we used a small hand-held flashlight and counted by eye the number of larvae occupying each centimeter of the water column beginning at the bottom and moving up to the top. We did these counts in the dark, so only one column received direct light from our small flashlight at a time to reduce the influence of light on the larvae’s behavior.&lt;/p&gt; Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1538626 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1538626 completed Shawn M. Arellano Western Washington University 360-650-3634 Western Washington University 1900 Shannon Point Road Anacortes WA 98221 USA arellas@wwu.edu pointOfContact M. Brady Olson Western Washington University (360) 650-7400 1900 Shannon Point Rd. Anacortes WA 98221 United States Brady.Olson@wwu.edu pointOfContact Sylvia Yang Western Washington University 360-598-4460 SEA Discovery Center P.O. Box 2318 Poulsbo WA 98370 Sylvia.yang@wwu.edu pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 1 Unknown date larvae_stage larvae_treatment column_treatment column_name count_id height_cm middepth_cm larvae_count proportion_larvae theme None, User defined date_local stage treatment sample identification replicate height depth count relative abundance featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. RUI: Will climate change cause &#039;lazy larvae&#039;? Effects of climate stressors on larval behavior and dispersal https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/684167 RUI: Will climate change cause &#039;lazy larvae&#039;? Effects of climate stressors on larval behavior and dispersal <p>In the face of climate change, future distribution of animals will depend not only on whether they adjust to new conditions in their current habitat, but also on whether a species can spread to suitable locations in a changing habitat landscape. In the ocean, where most species have tiny drifting larval stages, dispersal between habitats is impacted by more than just ocean currents alone; the swimming behavior of larvae, the flow environment the larvae encounter, and the length of time the larvae spend in the water column all interact to impact the distance and direction of larval dispersal. The effects of climate change, especially ocean acidification, are already evident in shellfish species along the Pacific coast, where hatchery managers have noticed shellfish cultures with 'lazy larvae syndrome.' Under conditions of increased acidification, these 'lazy larvae' simply stop swimming; yet, larval swimming behavior is rarely incorporated into studies of ocean acidification. Furthermore, how ocean warming interacts with the effects of acidification on larvae and their swimming behaviors remains unexplored; indeed, warming could reverse 'lazy larvae syndrome.' This project uses a combination of manipulative laboratory experiments, computer modeling, and a real case study to examine whether the impacts of ocean warming and acidification on individual larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea. The project will tightly couple research with undergraduate education at Western Washington University, a primarily undergraduate university, by employing student researchers, incorporating materials into undergraduate courses, and pairing marine science student interns with art student interns to develop art projects aimed at communicating the effects of climate change to public audiences</p> <p>As studies of the effects of climate stress in the marine environment progress, impacts on individual-level performance must be placed in a larger ecological context. While future climate-induced circulation changes certainly will affect larval dispersal, the effects of climate-change stressors on individual larval traits alone may have equally important impacts, significantly altering larval transport and, ultimately, species distribution. This study will experimentally examine the relationship between combined climate stressors (warming and acidification) on planktonic larval duration, morphology, and swimming behavior; create models to generate testable hypotheses about the effects of these factors on larval dispersal that can be applied across systems; and, finally, use a bio-physically coupled larval transport model to examine whether climate-impacted larvae may affect the distribution and restoration of populations of native oysters in the Salish Sea.</p> Climate stressors on larvae largerWorkCitation project eng; USA biota oceans 2017-07-18 2017-07-21 Coastal Pacific, USA 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Experimental counts and locations within columns of depth-varying pH to investigate the behavioral effects of ocean acidification on sand dollar larvae (Dendraster excentricus), July 2017 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752964.rdf Name: date Units: unitless Description: <p>Date of experiment formatted as yyyy-mm-dd</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752965.rdf Name: larvae_stage Units: unitless Description: <p>Stage of Dendraster excentricus larvae used in the experiment: 4-arm or 6-arm stage plutei</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752966.rdf Name: larvae_treatment Units: unitless Description: <p>Indicates the pCO2 treatment condition larvae were reared in from the time of spawning to the time of the experiment. &quot;acidic&quot; condition was treatment water maintained at 1500ppm and &quot;neutral&quot; condition was treatment water maintained at 400ppm.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752967.rdf Name: column_treatment Units: unitless Description: <p>Identifies the experimental treatment of the water column that larvae were placed into. The first word indicates the pCO2 condition of the water layer at the top of the column and the second word indicates the pCO2 condition of the water layer at the bottom of the column. &quot;Acidic&quot; water was bubbled to be 1500ppm and the &quot;neutral&quot; water was bubbled to be 400ppm.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752968.rdf Name: column_name Units: unitless Description: <p>code for: (1) the pCO2 treatment of the water in the top of the column (A or N); (2) the pCO2 treatment the larvae were reared within (A or N); (3) the pCO2 treatment of the water in the bottom of the column (A or N); and (4) the replicate number. "A"= acidic water that was bubbled to be 1500 pCO2; "N" = neutral water that was bubbled to be 400 pCO2</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752969.rdf Name: count_id Units: unitless Description: <p>Identifies the count number (1 or 2) per experimental date. The vertical positions of larvae in the columns were counted twice for each experiment; the first count at 10 minutes post larval introduction into the column and the second count at 30 minutes post larval introduction into the column.</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752970.rdf Name: height_cm Units: centimeters Description: <p>The height above the bottom of the water column where larvae were counted</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752971.rdf Name: middepth_cm Units: centimeters Description: <p>Middepth of the section of the water column in which larvae were counted</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752972.rdf Name: larvae_count Units: # of larvae Description: <p>The number of larvae occupying that area of the water column during the count</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/752973.rdf Name: proportion_larvae Units: unitless Description: <p>Proportion of total larvae occupying that area of the water column during the count</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 139712 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24615/1/dataset-752953_dendrasterbehoaexpt2017__v1.tsv download https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.752953.1 download onLine dataset &lt;p&gt;Spawning and fertilization:&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We collected adult sand dollars (D. excentricus) from Semiahmoo Bay, WA, on July 7, 2017, and maintained them in 14°C continuous flowing seawater at the Shannon Point Marine Center. On July 12, 2017, we induced twelve individuals to spawn by injecting 1-mL of 0.5-M KCl into the coelom following methods outlined by Strathmann (1987).&amp;nbsp; We then collected and mixed concentrated gametes of four males and four females for fertilization. We added five drops of sperm to 500-mL of filtered seawater and 5-mL of eggs. We placed the fertilized eggs in 12°C incubator and bubbled them with ambient pCO2 condition for 12-hrs before dividing the embryos into pCO2 treatment conditions before gastrulation.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Larval Rearing&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We reared D. excentricus larvae (2 individuals mL-1) at 12°C in eight 3-L jars that were individually bubbled with CO2 to achieve four replicates of ambient (400ppm) and acidic (1500ppm) pCO2 conditions. Each jar of larvae received a water change with pre-equilibrated 0.35-m filtered ambient and acidic seawater and fed the larvae D. tertiolecta (6,000 cells ml-1) daily. Pre-equilibrated ambient and acidic water was held in tanks within the same 12°C incubator as the rearing jars.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Experimental Design&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;We conducted two behavioral experiments; one when the larvae were 4-arm pleutei and one when the larvae were 6-armed pleutei.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;To measure the effect of pH conditions on the vertical distribution of larvae we established three experimental pycnocline treatments within clear plexiglass water columns (2.5cm x 2.5cm x 30cm): (1) ambient water (400ppm) in the top layer and acidic water in the bottom layer (1500ppm), (2) ambient water (400ppm) in both top and bottom layers, and (3) acidic water (1500ppm) in the top layer and ambient water (400ppm) in the bottom layer. Each water layer was 60-mL of water and filled the column 10-cm high, so when each experimental treatment was established it filled the column to 20-cm. We established the experimental treatments by increasing the density of seawater in the bottom layer by 0.003-0.005 g ml-1 using PercollTM GE Healthcare (Podolsky &amp;amp; Emlet 1993). Experimental treatment water was kept at 12°C and pre-equilibrated to the desired pCO2 level and density. We also included blue food coloring (1 drop per 100-mL) to the dense bottom layer to more easily visualize the density layers while establishing experimental treatments. We set-up four replicate columns for each experimental treatment making twelve columns total per experiment.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;Columns were positioned in a randomized order along the table of a walk-in incubator set to 12°C. Once columns were in position and treatments were established, we carefully injected 150 larvae by syringe into the bottom 2-cm of each column with no more than 2-mL of their culture water. Larvae were given 10 minutes in darkness to acclimate before we performed the first count of vertical positions of larvae in each water column. At 30 minutes of acclimation, we performed a second count of vertical positions of larvae in each column. For each larval count, we used a small hand-held flashlight and counted by eye the number of larvae occupying each centimeter of the water column beginning at the bottom and moving up to the top. We did these counts in the dark, so only one column received direct light from our small flashlight at a time to reduce the influence of light on the larvae’s behavior.&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) &lt;p&gt;&lt;strong&gt;BCO-DMO Processing Notes:&lt;/strong&gt;&lt;br /&gt; - added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date&lt;br /&gt; - modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions&lt;br /&gt; - reformatted date from m/d/yy to yyyy-mm-dd&lt;/p&gt; Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact