http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/763650
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2019-03-27
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Total dissolved gaseous mercury in surface waters and in the atmosphere collected aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in the tropical Pacific Ocean from October 2011.
2019-03-27
publication
2019-03-27
revision
BCO-DMO Linked Data URI
2019-03-27
creation
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/763650
Robert P. Mason
University of Connecticut
principalInvestigator
William Fitzgerald
University of Connecticut
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Mason, R. P., Fitzgerald, W. (2019) Total dissolved gaseous mercury in surface waters and in the atmosphere collected aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in the tropical Pacific Ocean from October 2011. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). Version Date 2019-03-27 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/763650 [access date]
The data include measurements of total dissolved gaseous mercury in surface waters and in the atmosphere, both primarily elemental Hg (Hg(0)), in the tropical Pacific Ocean in 2011. Dataset Description: <p>The data include measurements of total dissolved gaseous mercury in surface waters and in the atmosphere, both primarily elemental Hg (Hg(0)), in the tropical Pacific Ocean in 2011.&nbsp;</p>
<p>The samples were collected on a separately funded cruise (Metzyme cruise) and details are available at:<br />
www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/59053</p>
<p>Data from the CTD deployed can be found at: www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/716469</p>
<p>Data on the nutrient concentrations for each sample depth can be found at: www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/646115</p>
<p>Data on the selenium concentrations for each sample depth can be found at: www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/74939</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>Surface water samples were obtained using water collected at 5-10 m depth from the ship’s underway sampling system. The water is continuously sparged with low Hg0 air in a water-gas separation device (gas equilibrator) with a reverse flow configuration where the water is added to an inner chamber at the top and air at the bottom of the chamber. The water then flows through an outer jacket of the device to maintain the water temperature in the inner chamber at that of the incoming sweater. The device is based on the equilibrator described in detail in Andersson et al. (2008). For the best performance the water flow should be high relative to that of the air, and in this study the air flow was maintained around 1.5 L min-1, somewhat higher than that required by the Tekran 2537B instrument that was used for Hg detection (1 L min-1). The water flow was somewhat variable but typically was 6-10 times that of the air. The incoming air is passed through spargers that create small gas bubbles to enhance equilibration and this is also enhanced by the mixing induced by the incoming water. Based on the relative flow rates, the response time of the instrument to changes in water concentration is &lt;5 min (Andersson et al., 2008) so changes between a set of measurements could reflect changes in the water on the same timescale. Depending on the ship’s speed, this represents a spatial sampling resolution of 1-2 km for a 5 minute sample. Based on our experience, measurements while the ship is stationary are often higher and more variable, and so these measurements are not considered reliable and are not included in the database. The air is dried using a Teflon filter and a soda lime trap prior to the passing to the detector – a Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer.<br />
The detection of Hg as elemental Hg in the air after sparging relied on another Tekran 2537B instrument with a sampling resolution of 5 min. As described above, the instrument is calibrated in two ways. Air is sampled continuously as there are two sampling gold traps lines within the instrument and while one sample is being analyzed, the other is being trapped, with the timing controlled by the instrument’s software. Air was sampled from the outside at a location sufficiently above the water level to prevent entrainment of water, and in a position to prevent contamination for the ships’ exhaust while underway. The air is dried using a Teflon filter and a soda lime trap prior to the detector.&nbsp;</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1130711 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1130711
onGoing
Robert P. Mason
University of Connecticut
860-405-9129
Department of Marine Sciences
Groton
CT
06340
USA
Robert.mason@uconn.edu
pointOfContact
William Fitzgerald
University of Connecticut
860-405-9153
Department of Marine Sciences
Groton
CT
06340
USA
william.fitzgerald@uconn.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Unknown
Date
Hour
Julian_day
Latitude
Longitude
Air_TGHg
Water_DGHg
Sea_Temp
Windspeed
Salinity
Fluorescence
ISO_Date_Time_GMT
Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer
theme
None, User defined
date
time of day
Julian day as a decimal (time elapsed in days from 00:00 on January 1st 4713 BC)
latitude
longitude
metal concentration in atmosphere
trace metal concentration
water temperature at measurement depth
wind_speed
salinity
fluorescence
ISO_DateTime_UTC
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Atmospheric Gas Analyzer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
KM1128
service
Deployment Activity
tropical North Pacific along 150 degrees West from 18 degrees North to the equator
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Interwoven biogeochemical cycles and biological transformations of mercury and selenium in the upper ocean
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/749366
Collaborative Research: Interwoven biogeochemical cycles and biological transformations of mercury and selenium in the upper ocean
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Researchers from the University of Connecticut, Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution, and Harvard University plan to address three questions related to the global biogeochemical mercury (Hg) and selenium (Se) cycles, namely (1) what are the abiotic and biotic mechanisms for formation of methylated Hg and Se compounds in the upper ocean?; (2) what is the role of photochemical reactions in air-sea exchange of Hg and Se?; and (3) how are the biogeochemical cycles of Hg and Se related? To attain their goal, the scientists will participate in a cruise of opportunity to the Tropical North Pacific, as well as carry out laboratory culture and controlled incubation experiments. Samples collected during the cruise will be used to determine the speciation of Hg and Se, as well as obtain measurements of photochemical status (i.e., UV, ozone, light levels, chemical (i.e., natural organic matter, redox metals), and biological (i.e., chlorophyll a, phytoplankton composition,proteomics, estimates of carbon mineralization) properties. The laboratory culture and controlled incubation experiments will be used to determine the specific pathways for Hg and Se compound formation and degradation, especially the role of photochemical transformations, as well as assess the importance of Se as a binding ligand for Hg in the marine environment. Lastly, the researchers will continue to develop the oceanic sub-model of the GEOS-Chem global biochemical Hg model to include the cycling of Se and will use the model to ascertain the importance of various processes of conversion and evasion in the global cycles of these two elements.</p>
<p>As regards broader impacts, this study has societal benefits because it would improve our understanding on how mercury enters seafood which impacts human health. Results from the research would be included in curriculum material. One graduate student from the University of Connecticut, one postdoc from Harvard University, and one graduate student from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution would be supported and trained as part of the project.</p>
Mercury and Selenium
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
tropical North Pacific along 150 degrees West from 18 degrees North to the equator
-174.5
-154.211
-15.124
19.662
2011-10-02
2011-10-24
Tropical North and South Pacific and equatorial region; cruise track from Hawaii to Tahiti
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Total dissolved gaseous mercury in surface waters and in the atmosphere collected aboard the R/V Kilo Moana in the tropical Pacific Ocean from October 2011.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763666.rdf
Name: Date
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date given in Greenwich Mean Time</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763667.rdf
Name: Hour
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and hour given in Greenwich Mean Time</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763668.rdf
Name: Julian_day
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Julian day given in Greenwich Mean Time</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763669.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>latitude (negative values for the southern hemisphere)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763670.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>longitude degrees west</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763671.rdf
Name: Air_TGHg
Units: nanograms per meter cubed (ng/m3)
Description: <p>atmospheric gaseous mercury</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763672.rdf
Name: Water_DGHg
Units: picoMole (pM)
Description: <p>total dissolved gaseous mercury</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763673.rdf
Name: Sea_Temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>surface water temperature from the ship’s underway sampling system</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763674.rdf
Name: Windspeed
Units: meters per second (m/s)
Description: <p>wind speed from the ship’s data</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763675.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: unitless
Description: <p>salinity from the ship’s underway sampling system</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763676.rdf
Name: Fluorescence
Units: unitless
Description: <p>fluorescence (unitless) from the ship’s underway sampling system</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/763677.rdf
Name: ISO_Date_Time_GMT
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time provided in ISO 8601 format</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/dataset/763650/data/download
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Surface water samples were obtained using water collected at 5-10 m depth from the ship’s underway sampling system. The water is continuously sparged with low Hg0 air in a water-gas separation device (gas equilibrator) with a reverse flow configuration where the water is added to an inner chamber at the top and air at the bottom of the chamber. The water then flows through an outer jacket of the device to maintain the water temperature in the inner chamber at that of the incoming sweater. The device is based on the equilibrator described in detail in Andersson et al. (2008). For the best performance the water flow should be high relative to that of the air, and in this study the air flow was maintained around 1.5 L min-1, somewhat higher than that required by the Tekran 2537B instrument that was used for Hg detection (1 L min-1). The water flow was somewhat variable but typically was 6-10 times that of the air. The incoming air is passed through spargers that create small gas bubbles to enhance equilibration and this is also enhanced by the mixing induced by the incoming water. Based on the relative flow rates, the response time of the instrument to changes in water concentration is &lt;5 min (Andersson et al., 2008) so changes between a set of measurements could reflect changes in the water on the same timescale. Depending on the ship’s speed, this represents a spatial sampling resolution of 1-2 km for a 5 minute sample. Based on our experience, measurements while the ship is stationary are often higher and more variable, and so these measurements are not considered reliable and are not included in the database. The air is dried using a Teflon filter and a soda lime trap prior to the passing to the detector – a Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer.<br />
The detection of Hg as elemental Hg in the air after sparging relied on another Tekran 2537B instrument with a sampling resolution of 5 min. As described above, the instrument is calibrated in two ways. Air is sampled continuously as there are two sampling gold traps lines within the instrument and while one sample is being analyzed, the other is being trapped, with the timing controlled by the instrument’s software. Air was sampled from the outside at a location sufficiently above the water level to prevent entrainment of water, and in a position to prevent contamination for the ships’ exhaust while underway. The air is dried using a Teflon filter and a soda lime trap prior to the detector.&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>QA/QC:<br />
Both measurements relied on the use of a Tekran air measurement instrument, which has a built-in calibration unit (Hg0 permeation tube) for calibration, which was done daily. External injections of Hg0 were also used to check the accuracy of the permeation device. The instruments had a detection limit of &lt;0.2 ng m-3 for air sampling and &lt;2 fM for water sampling during the cruise (water concentration calculated from the measured value in the equilibrated air). The detection limit for the equilibrator is evaluated based on the sparging of water without water flow. As the DGHg is removed by sparging and not replenished without flow, long-term sparging results in values that reflect the background blank and the variability in this value is used to estimate the detection limit. For the air sampling, the instrument periodically flushes the system with Hg-free air and makes blank measurements. Again, these values and their variability can be used to determine the detection limit for air sampling. Prior studies have compared concentrations measured using the continuous sampler to those with manual methods and verified consistency over a range of seawater temperatures (Andersson et al., 2008; Soerensen et al., 2014). Performance of the continuous sampler was also verified in the laboratory prior to the cruise by injection and recovery of external standards. Data presented in the table represent the average hourly value for each set of measurements, which were made at 5 minute resolution. Typical variability was 3% and 10% for 1 hr of observations in air and water, respectively; n = 12 for 5-min samples (per hour).&nbsp; &nbsp;</p>
<p>BCO-DMO Processing Notes:<br />
-&nbsp;added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
-&nbsp;modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
-&nbsp;added ISO Date format generated from date and time values</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer
Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Tekran 2537B mercury analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Description:Two Tekran 2537B air analysis instruments Instrument Name: Atmospheric Gas Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: In-situ instruments that can determine the proportion of one or more gaseous components of the atmosphere.
Cruise: KM1128
KM1128
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1128
Carl Lamborg
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel