http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/765835 eng; USA utf8 dataset Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 2019-04-29 ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data ISO 19115-2:2009(E) Carbon, Nitrogen, biogenic silica, thorium-234, and mass fluxes from upper ocean sediment traps at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during RRS Discovery cruise DY077 in April of 2017 2019-06-26 publication 2019-06-26 revision Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA) 2019-06-26 publication https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.765835.3 Margaret L. Estapa Skidmore College principalInvestigator Kenneth O. Buesseler Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution principalInvestigator Dr Richard Lampitt University of Southampton principalInvestigator Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. publisher Cite this dataset as: Estapa, M., Buesseler, K., Lampitt, R. (2019) Carbon, Nitrogen, biogenic silica, thorium-234, and mass fluxes from upper ocean sediment traps at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during RRS Discovery cruise DY077 in April of 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 3) Version Date 2019-06-26 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.765835.3 [access date] Dataset Description: &lt;p&gt;This dataset contains&amp;nbsp;C, N, bSi, Th-234, and mass fluxes from upper ocean sediment traps at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during RRS Discovery cruise DY077.&lt;br /&gt; &lt;br /&gt; Related datasets collected during the same cruise:&lt;br /&gt; In-situ pump:&amp;nbsp;https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/765850&lt;br /&gt; Water column Th-234 activities: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/765859&lt;/p&gt; Methods and Sampling: Methodology: Samples were collected during two deployment cycles (termed deployment 1 and deployment 2) occupied during the RRS Discovery cruise DY077 to the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) Site in April 2017 (Figure 1). In each of the cycles, we conducted particle flux sampling method intercomparisons between two types of neutrally buoyant sediment traps (NBST and PELAGRA), a surface tethered array of sediment traps (STT), and fluxes derived from upper water column deficits of 234Th vs. its parent isotope, 238U. DY077 samples analyzed in US (WHOI and Skidmore College) are archived here; DY077 samples analyzed in the UK (NOC) are archived in the British Oceanographic Data Centre. Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap (NBST) NBSTs consist of four cylindrical sediment trap tubes (collection area 0.0113 m2) and a 0.25-m pathlength transmissometer (C-Rover 2000, WETLabs, Inc.) arranged around a central SOLO profiling float. The traps are programmed to sink to a predetermined depth, drift while collecting sedimenting particles, close the trap lids, and then rise to the surface at a programmed time for recovery. Recovery aids consist of GPS/Iridium and a flashing strobe light. The transmissometer operates as an optical sediment trap and measures attenuance flux as a function of time, which is a proxy for sinking particulate carbon flux. For the deployments conducted on DY077, trap tubes were set up as follows: Three tubes were prepared with a layer of 500 mL of 70 ppt brine poisoned with 0.1% formaldehyde and borate buffered to pH 8.5. This brine layer was overlain with 1-μm filtered seawater from 350 m. In the fourth trap tube, a jar containing approximately 50 mL of polyacrylamide gel replaced the brine layer and allowed preservation of collected particles for microscopic imaging after recovery. During deployment 1, the NBST sampled at a depth of 200 m; during deployment 2, it sampled at a depth of 350 m. PELAGRA neutral sediment traps The Particle Export LAGRAngian (PELAGRA) trap was designed at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK (Lampitt et al. 2008) and consists of an arrangement of four conical traps (collection area 0.5 m2) around an APEX float (Teledyne-Webb Research, Inc.), with mechanically opening and closing collection cups. For this cruise, samples were collected from three PELAGRA traps: P4, P7, and P9. P4 and P7 each carried two conventional sediment funnels, two non-funnelled collectors for gel sampling and a camera/flash system for capturing time-lapse images of sinking particles. For these traps, the two cups situated beneath the conventional funnels were filled with the same brine solution used in the bottom of the NBST traps. Under the non-funnel collectors, jars containing polyacrylamide gel (described above) and commercially available cryogel were attached. P9 carried four conventional sediment funnels, each with a brine cup installed. Surface Tethered Trap (STT) arrays Alongside the neutral traps was deployed a drifting mooring carrying cylindrical sediment trap tubes set up identically to those on the NBSTs as well as tubes of a different design provided by collaborator C. Lamborg (and henceforth termed modified PIT tubes). Modified PIT tubes are identical to standard PIT tubes (collection area 0.00385 m2) but with detachable bottoms. During deployment 1 two arrays were deployed, one at 200 m and one at 350 m. Both arrays contained two NBST-style brine-filled tubes, one NBST-style gel tube, and two modified PIT tubes which collected samples into 125-mL bottles filled with the same poisoned brine used in the other tubes. A programmable burnwire controller was set up to close the NBST-style tube lids at the same time as on the NBST traps. The burnwire controller at 200 m operated as planned but the controller at 350 m did not, due to a hardware failure. During the second deployment, a single trap array at 350 m was deployed using the fully-functioning burnwire controller. Two NBST-style tubes were set up to close at the same time as the NBSTs, two more were set up to remain open, and a third pair of modified PIT tubes (without lids) were included. During both deployments a Nortek current meter was deployed looking downwards approximately 2 m below the bottom of the 350-m trap array Upon platform retrieval, trap brine samples were processed as follows. NBST samples and NBST-style tubes on STT: After a period of 1-3 hours to allow particles to finish settling in trap tubes, overlying filtered seawater was removed via peristaltic pump. The bottom brine layer was screened through 350-μm nylon mesh to aid in swimmer removal. The replicate brine tubes were drained through a single screen and combined. The screen was picked under 12x magnification to remove obvious swimmers while leaving behind passively sinking particles. Material remaining on the screen was rinsed back into the main sample while swimmers were filtered onto a QMA filter for later carbon and thorium-234 analysis. Combined trap samples were split eight ways using a custom rotary splitter. Splits were filtered onto QMA filters for C/N, PIC, and 234Th analysis or polycarbonate filters for biogenic Si and mass analysis on shore. Splits were also kept aside to return to collaborators labs at NOC. Modified PIT tubes on STT: Overlying seawater was siphoned off as above, then the 125-ml sample collection bottles were removed and combined into an extra NBST tube used as a dispenser. The sample was processed from this point identically to the NBST tubes. PELAGRA trap samples: Brine cups were removed and either kept by the NOC lab for parallel processing (generally cup 1 on P4 and P7 and cups 3 and 4 on P9) or treated as described for modified PIT tubes above, minus the siphoning step. QMA filters were dried at 45C, mounted, and immediately counted for low-level β emission onboard the ship. At WHOI, a subset of samples was re-counted within one month on shore. Final background counts to measure non-234Th related β emissions were conducted several months later. At this point, QMA filters were unmounted, re-dried, and gravimetrically subdivided into four sections. One half of the filter was analyzed for total carbon and nitrogen after high-temperature combustion on a Thermo Electron FlashEA 1112 C/N analyzer. Coulometric analysis for PIC after sample acidification was performed on a quarter of the filter (Johnson et al, 1985; Honjo et al, 2000). The remainder of the filter was archived. At Skidmore College, polycarbonate filters for mass and bSi determination were dried and weighed repeatedly on a microbalance until stable weights with a precision better than 0.01 mg were achieved. Filter tare weights were subtracted and net mass accumulation was calculated. Then the filters were digested to release bSi using a weak alkaline digest (0.2 N NaOH for 2 hours at 95C) and analyzed following standard spectrophotometric methods (Strickland and Parsons, 1972). A replicate set of each type of trap collector was prepared as described above, held in the shipboard laboratory during each deployment, and then analyzed in parallel to provide a process blank determination. The blanks from the two deployments were averaged to determine the mean process blank for the cruise (Table 1). Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1659995 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1659995 Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1660012 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1660012 completed Margaret L. Estapa Skidmore College 207-581-5176 193 Clarks Cove Road Walpole ME 04573 United States margaret.estapa@maine.edu pointOfContact Kenneth O. Buesseler Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution 508-289-2309 266 Woods Hole Road MS #25 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA kbuesseler@whoi.edu pointOfContact Dr Richard Lampitt University of Southampton +44 (0)2380 596347 r.lampitt@soc.soton.ac.uk pointOfContact asNeeded Dataset Version: 3 Unknown deployment station platform collector collection_area replicates depth lat_deploy lon_deploy lat_recover lon_recover date_start time_start ISO_DateTime_start date_end time_end date_recover time_recover deploy_length N_f_mean N_f_err_mean N_f_A N_f_err_A N_f_B N_f_err_B N_f_C N_f_err_C N_f_D N_f_err_D TC_f_mean TC_f_err_mean TC_f_A TC_f_err_A TC_f_B TC_f_err_B TC_f_C TC_f_err_C TC_f_D TC_f_err_D PIC_f_mean PIC_f_err_mean PIC_f_A PIC_f_err_A PIC_f_B PIC_f_err_B PIC_f_C PIC_f_err_C PIC_f_D PIC_f_err_D POC_f_mean POC_f_err_mean POC_f_A POC_f_err_A POC_f_B POC_f_err_B POC_f_C POC_f_err_C POC_f_D POC_f_err_D bSi_f_mean bSi_f_err_mean bSi_f_E bSi_f_err_E bSi_f_F bSi_f_err_F bSi_f_G bSi_f_err_G bSi_f_H bSi_f_err_H Mass_f_mean Mass_f_err_mean Mass_f_E Mass_f_err_E Mass_f_F Mass_f_err_F Mass_f_G Mass_f_err_G Mass_f_H Mass_f_err_H Th234_f_mean Th234_f_err_mean Th234_f_A Th234_f_err_A Th234_f_B Th234_f_err_B Th234_f_C Th234_f_err_C Th234_f_D Th234_f_err_D Coulometer Thermo Electron FlashEA 1112 C/N analyzer NBST, neutrally buoyant sediment trap, WHOI Riso Beta Counter Particle Export LAGRAngian sediment traps (PELAGRA) surface tethered trap (STT) Spectrophotometer theme None, User defined deployment number station platform sample description site description depth latitude longitude date_utc time_utc ISO_DateTime_UTC time_elapsed Nitrogen Elemental carbon (C) particulate inorganic Carbon particulate organic Carbon (POC) biogenic silica concentration No BCO-DMO term thorium-234 activity featureType BCO-DMO Standard Parameters CO2 Coulometer Elemental Analyzer Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap Riso Laboratory Anti-coincidence Beta Counter Sediment Trap Sediment Trap Spectrophotometer instrument BCO-DMO Standard Instruments DY077 service Deployment Activity Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (49N, 16.5W) place Locations otherRestrictions otherRestrictions Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use. Collaborative Research: Are all traps created equal? A multi-method assessment of the collection and detection of sinking particles in the ocean https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/762022 Collaborative Research: Are all traps created equal? A multi-method assessment of the collection and detection of sinking particles in the ocean <p>NSF Award Abstract:</p> <p>There is considerable need to understand the biological and ecological processes that through net primary production fix dissolved carbon dioxide (CO2) into organic matter in the upper ocean, and the processes that subsequently transport this organic carbon in to the ocean's interior. Most of the particulate organic carbon flux to the deep ocean is thought to be mediated by sinking particles. Ultimately it is the deep organic carbon transport and its sequestration that define the impact of ocean biota on atmospheric CO2 levels and hence climate. Currently, various methods are available to measure the amount of particles in the ocean that sink over a specified period of time commonly referred to as particle flux. Unfortunately, all of these methods are used independently of each other with very little intercomparison, leaving some uncertainty as to which approach provides the most accurate estimates. This study seeks to be the first concerted effort to standardize particle flux measurements. Seeking to keep the cost modest, the researchers are taking advantage of a collaboration with scientists in the United Kingdom to participate in an already scheduled research cruise. The proposed research will have much greater impact that merely standardization of particle flux measurements because it will provide the science and modeling community the ability to quantify the transfer of carbon throughout the surface ocean. Also, this project provides a variety of mentoring and training opportunities for students. A PhD student at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute will get their first sea-going experience and will learn all of the processing steps for the study of an isotope of thorium (234Th). Skidmore College will have an undergraduate participant in the research and the results from the cruise will also be an excellent additional component for undergraduate oceanography classes.</p> <p>Researchers from Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and Skidmore College, in collaboration with a scientist from the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton will inter-compare direct, tracer, and optical-sensor methods used to determine sinking particle fluxes in the surface ocean. To do this, they will firstly conduct a comparison of two types of neutrally buoyant traps and one surface-tethered, drifting array. Secondly, measured trap fluxes will be compared to predicted 234Th fluxes from a 3D time-series of data. Lastly, optical sediment trap measurements will be compared to particle size distributions in the water column and gel traps, as well as size-fractionated particles on filters from large volume pumps. With this research, global ocean models, particularly carbon, will have greater accuracy and stronger conclusions will be able to be drawn from them.</p> Are Traps Equal largerWorkCitation project eng; USA oceans Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (49N, 16.5W) -16.7132 -16.3234 48.8198 49.2422 2017-04-19 2017-04-26 Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean (49°N, 16.5°W) 0 BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Carbon, Nitrogen, biogenic silica, thorium-234, and mass fluxes from upper ocean sediment traps at the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) site in the Northeast Atlantic Ocean during RRS Discovery cruise DY077 in April of 2017 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771789.rdf Name: deployment Units: unitless Description: <p>deployment cycle during cruise DY077</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771790.rdf Name: station Units: unitless Description: <p>station occupied during cruise DY077</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771791.rdf Name: platform Units: unitless Description: <p>type of sediment trap deployed</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771792.rdf Name: collector Units: unitless Description: <p>type of particle collector deployed on sediment trap platform</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771793.rdf Name: collection_area Units: meters squared (m^2) Description: <p>area of collector opening</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771794.rdf Name: replicates Units: unitless Description: <p>number of collectors installed on platform at given depth</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771795.rdf Name: depth Units: meters (m) Description: <p>target depth of sediment trap collectors</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771796.rdf Name: lat_deploy Units: decimal degrees (DD) Description: <p>latitude of platform deployment</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771797.rdf Name: lon_deploy Units: decimal degrees (DD) Description: <p>longitude of platform deployment</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771798.rdf Name: lat_recover Units: decimal degrees (DD) Description: <p>latitude of platform recovery</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771799.rdf Name: lon_recover Units: decimal degrees (DD) Description: <p>longitude of platform recovery</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771800.rdf Name: date_start Units: unitless Description: <p>date sampling began (GMT) in ISO 8601 format yyyy-mm-dd</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771801.rdf Name: time_start Units: unitless Description: <p>time sampling began (GMT) in ISO 8601 format hh:mm:ss</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771802.rdf Name: ISO_DateTime_start Units: unitless Description: <p>Date time sampling began (GMT) in format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MMZ</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771803.rdf Name: date_end Units: unitless Description: <p>date of collector lid closure or platform recovery (GMT) in ISO 8601 format yyyy-mm-dd</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771804.rdf Name: time_end Units: unitless Description: <p>time of collector lid closure or platform recovery (GMT) in ISO 8601 format hh:mm:ss</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771805.rdf Name: date_recover Units: unitless Description: <p>date of platform recovery (GMT) in ISO 8601 format yyyy-mm-dd</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771806.rdf Name: time_recover Units: unitless Description: <p>time of platform recovery (GMT) in ISO 8601 format hh:mm:ss</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771807.rdf Name: deploy_length Units: number of days Description: <p>length of sampling period</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771808.rdf Name: N_f_mean Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean total nitrogen flux of splits A, B, C, D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771809.rdf Name: N_f_err_mean Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux uncertainty, propagated from the maximum of either the per-filter analytical error or the standard deviation among replicate filter splits</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771810.rdf Name: N_f_A Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux of split A</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771811.rdf Name: N_f_err_A Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux uncertainty of split A, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771812.rdf Name: N_f_B Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux of split B</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771813.rdf Name: N_f_err_B Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux uncertainty of split B, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771814.rdf Name: N_f_C Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux of split C</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771815.rdf Name: N_f_err_C Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux uncertainty of split C, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771816.rdf Name: N_f_D Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux of split D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771817.rdf Name: N_f_err_D Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total nitrogen flux uncertainty of split D, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771818.rdf Name: TC_f_mean Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean total carbon flux of splits A, B, C, D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771819.rdf Name: TC_f_err_mean Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux uncertainty, propagated from the maximum of either the per-filter analytical error or the standard deviation among replicate filter splits</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771820.rdf Name: TC_f_A Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux of split A</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771821.rdf Name: TC_f_err_A Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux uncertainty of split A, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771822.rdf Name: TC_f_B Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux of split B</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771823.rdf Name: TC_f_err_B Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux uncertainty of split B, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771824.rdf Name: TC_f_C Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux of split C</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771825.rdf Name: TC_f_err_C Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux uncertainty of split C, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771826.rdf Name: TC_f_D Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux of split D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771827.rdf Name: TC_f_err_D Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>total carbon flux uncertainty of split D, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771828.rdf Name: PIC_f_mean Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean particulate inorganic carbon flux of splits A, B, C, D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771829.rdf Name: PIC_f_err_mean Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux uncertainty, propagated from the maximum of either the per-filter analytical error or the standard deviation among replicate filter splits</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771830.rdf Name: PIC_f_A Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux of split A</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771831.rdf Name: PIC_f_err_A Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux uncertainty of split A, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771832.rdf Name: PIC_f_B Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux of split B</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771833.rdf Name: PIC_f_err_B Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux uncertainty of split B, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771834.rdf Name: PIC_f_C Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux of split C</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771835.rdf Name: PIC_f_err_C Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux uncertainty of split C, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771836.rdf Name: PIC_f_D Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux of split D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771837.rdf Name: PIC_f_err_D Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate inorganic carbon flux uncertainty of split D, propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771838.rdf Name: POC_f_mean Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean particulate organic carbon flux,computed as the difference between mean TC flux and mean PIC flux</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771839.rdf Name: POC_f_err_mean Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux uncertainty, POC_f_err_mean = (TC_f_err_mean^2 + PIC_f_err_mean^2)1/2</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771840.rdf Name: POC_f_A Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux of split A, computed as the difference between TC flux and PIC flux of split A</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771841.rdf Name: POC_f_err_A Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux uncertainty of split A,POC_f_err_A = (TC_f_err_A^2 + PIC_f_err_A^2)1/2</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771842.rdf Name: POC_f_B Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux of split B, computed as the difference between TC flux and PIC flux of split B</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771843.rdf Name: POC_f_err_B Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux uncertainty of split B,POC_f_err_B = (TC_f_err_B^2 + PIC_f_err_B^2)1/2</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771844.rdf Name: POC_f_C Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux of split C, computed as the difference between TC flux and PIC flux of split C</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771845.rdf Name: POC_f_err_C Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux uncertainty of split C,POC_f_err_C = (TC_f_err_C^2 + PIC_f_err_C^2)1/2</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771846.rdf Name: POC_f_D Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux of split D, computed as the difference between TC flux and PIC flux of split D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771847.rdf Name: POC_f_err_D Units: millimoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>particulate organic carbon flux uncertainty of split D,POC_f_err_D = (TC_f_err_D^2 + PIC_f_err_D^2)1/2</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771848.rdf Name: bSi_f_mean Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean biogenic silica flux of splits E, F, G, H</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771849.rdf Name: bSi_f_err_mean Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux uncertainty,propagated from the maximum of either the per-filter analytical error or the standard deviation among replicate filter splits</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771850.rdf Name: bSi_f_E Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux of split E</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771851.rdf Name: bSi_f_err_E Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux uncertainty of split E,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771852.rdf Name: bSi_f_F Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux of split F</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771853.rdf Name: bSi_f_err_F Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux uncertainty of split F,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771854.rdf Name: bSi_f_G Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux of split G</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771855.rdf Name: bSi_f_err_G Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux uncertainty of split G,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771856.rdf Name: bSi_f_H Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux of split H</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771857.rdf Name: bSi_f_err_H Units: micromoles per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>biogenic silica flux uncertainty of split H,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771858.rdf Name: Mass_f_mean Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean mass flux of splits E, F, G, H</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771859.rdf Name: Mass_f_err_mean Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux uncertainty,propagated from the maximum of either the per-filter analytical error or the standard deviation among replicate filter splits</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771860.rdf Name: Mass_f_E Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux of split E</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771861.rdf Name: Mass_f_err_E Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux uncertainty of split E,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771862.rdf Name: Mass_f_F Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux of split F</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771863.rdf Name: Mass_f_err_F Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux uncertainty of split F,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771864.rdf Name: Mass_f_G Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux of split G</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771865.rdf Name: Mass_f_err_G Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux uncertainty of split G,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771866.rdf Name: Mass_f_H Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux of split H</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771867.rdf Name: Mass_f_err_H Units: milligrams per meter squared per day (mmol/m^2/d) Description: <p>mass flux uncertainty of split H,propagated from the per-filter analytical error</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771868.rdf Name: Th234_f_mean Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>mean thorium-234 flux of splits A, B, C, D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771869.rdf Name: Th234_f_err_mean Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 uncertainty,propagated from the standard deviation among replicate filter splits</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771870.rdf Name: Th234_f_A Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 flux of split A</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771871.rdf Name: Th234_f_err_A Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 uncertainty of split A, propagated from counting statistics</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771872.rdf Name: Th234_f_B Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 flux of split B</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771873.rdf Name: Th234_f_err_B Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 uncertainty of split B, propagated from counting statistics</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771874.rdf Name: Th234_f_C Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 flux of split C</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771875.rdf Name: Th234_f_err_C Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 uncertainty of split C, propagated from counting statistics</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771876.rdf Name: Th234_f_D Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 flux of split D</p> http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/771877.rdf Name: Th234_f_err_D Units: disintegration per minute per meter squared per day (dpm/m^2/d) Description: <p>thorium-234 uncertainty of split D, propagated from counting statistics</p> GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact 7283 https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/24288/1/dataset-765835_sediment-trap-fluxes__v3.tsv download https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.765835.3 download onLine dataset Methodology: Samples were collected during two deployment cycles (termed deployment 1 and deployment 2) occupied during the RRS Discovery cruise DY077 to the Porcupine Abyssal Plain Sustained Observatory (PAP-SO) Site in April 2017 (Figure 1). In each of the cycles, we conducted particle flux sampling method intercomparisons between two types of neutrally buoyant sediment traps (NBST and PELAGRA), a surface tethered array of sediment traps (STT), and fluxes derived from upper water column deficits of 234Th vs. its parent isotope, 238U. DY077 samples analyzed in US (WHOI and Skidmore College) are archived here; DY077 samples analyzed in the UK (NOC) are archived in the British Oceanographic Data Centre. Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap (NBST) NBSTs consist of four cylindrical sediment trap tubes (collection area 0.0113 m2) and a 0.25-m pathlength transmissometer (C-Rover 2000, WETLabs, Inc.) arranged around a central SOLO profiling float. The traps are programmed to sink to a predetermined depth, drift while collecting sedimenting particles, close the trap lids, and then rise to the surface at a programmed time for recovery. Recovery aids consist of GPS/Iridium and a flashing strobe light. The transmissometer operates as an optical sediment trap and measures attenuance flux as a function of time, which is a proxy for sinking particulate carbon flux. For the deployments conducted on DY077, trap tubes were set up as follows: Three tubes were prepared with a layer of 500 mL of 70 ppt brine poisoned with 0.1% formaldehyde and borate buffered to pH 8.5. This brine layer was overlain with 1-μm filtered seawater from 350 m. In the fourth trap tube, a jar containing approximately 50 mL of polyacrylamide gel replaced the brine layer and allowed preservation of collected particles for microscopic imaging after recovery. During deployment 1, the NBST sampled at a depth of 200 m; during deployment 2, it sampled at a depth of 350 m. PELAGRA neutral sediment traps The Particle Export LAGRAngian (PELAGRA) trap was designed at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK (Lampitt et al. 2008) and consists of an arrangement of four conical traps (collection area 0.5 m2) around an APEX float (Teledyne-Webb Research, Inc.), with mechanically opening and closing collection cups. For this cruise, samples were collected from three PELAGRA traps: P4, P7, and P9. P4 and P7 each carried two conventional sediment funnels, two non-funnelled collectors for gel sampling and a camera/flash system for capturing time-lapse images of sinking particles. For these traps, the two cups situated beneath the conventional funnels were filled with the same brine solution used in the bottom of the NBST traps. Under the non-funnel collectors, jars containing polyacrylamide gel (described above) and commercially available cryogel were attached. P9 carried four conventional sediment funnels, each with a brine cup installed. Surface Tethered Trap (STT) arrays Alongside the neutral traps was deployed a drifting mooring carrying cylindrical sediment trap tubes set up identically to those on the NBSTs as well as tubes of a different design provided by collaborator C. Lamborg (and henceforth termed modified PIT tubes). Modified PIT tubes are identical to standard PIT tubes (collection area 0.00385 m2) but with detachable bottoms. During deployment 1 two arrays were deployed, one at 200 m and one at 350 m. Both arrays contained two NBST-style brine-filled tubes, one NBST-style gel tube, and two modified PIT tubes which collected samples into 125-mL bottles filled with the same poisoned brine used in the other tubes. A programmable burnwire controller was set up to close the NBST-style tube lids at the same time as on the NBST traps. The burnwire controller at 200 m operated as planned but the controller at 350 m did not, due to a hardware failure. During the second deployment, a single trap array at 350 m was deployed using the fully-functioning burnwire controller. Two NBST-style tubes were set up to close at the same time as the NBSTs, two more were set up to remain open, and a third pair of modified PIT tubes (without lids) were included. During both deployments a Nortek current meter was deployed looking downwards approximately 2 m below the bottom of the 350-m trap array Upon platform retrieval, trap brine samples were processed as follows. NBST samples and NBST-style tubes on STT: After a period of 1-3 hours to allow particles to finish settling in trap tubes, overlying filtered seawater was removed via peristaltic pump. The bottom brine layer was screened through 350-μm nylon mesh to aid in swimmer removal. The replicate brine tubes were drained through a single screen and combined. The screen was picked under 12x magnification to remove obvious swimmers while leaving behind passively sinking particles. Material remaining on the screen was rinsed back into the main sample while swimmers were filtered onto a QMA filter for later carbon and thorium-234 analysis. Combined trap samples were split eight ways using a custom rotary splitter. Splits were filtered onto QMA filters for C/N, PIC, and 234Th analysis or polycarbonate filters for biogenic Si and mass analysis on shore. Splits were also kept aside to return to collaborators labs at NOC. Modified PIT tubes on STT: Overlying seawater was siphoned off as above, then the 125-ml sample collection bottles were removed and combined into an extra NBST tube used as a dispenser. The sample was processed from this point identically to the NBST tubes. PELAGRA trap samples: Brine cups were removed and either kept by the NOC lab for parallel processing (generally cup 1 on P4 and P7 and cups 3 and 4 on P9) or treated as described for modified PIT tubes above, minus the siphoning step. QMA filters were dried at 45C, mounted, and immediately counted for low-level β emission onboard the ship. At WHOI, a subset of samples was re-counted within one month on shore. Final background counts to measure non-234Th related β emissions were conducted several months later. At this point, QMA filters were unmounted, re-dried, and gravimetrically subdivided into four sections. One half of the filter was analyzed for total carbon and nitrogen after high-temperature combustion on a Thermo Electron FlashEA 1112 C/N analyzer. Coulometric analysis for PIC after sample acidification was performed on a quarter of the filter (Johnson et al, 1985; Honjo et al, 2000). The remainder of the filter was archived. At Skidmore College, polycarbonate filters for mass and bSi determination were dried and weighed repeatedly on a microbalance until stable weights with a precision better than 0.01 mg were achieved. Filter tare weights were subtracted and net mass accumulation was calculated. Then the filters were digested to release bSi using a weak alkaline digest (0.2 N NaOH for 2 hours at 95C) and analyzed following standard spectrophotometric methods (Strickland and Parsons, 1972). A replicate set of each type of trap collector was prepared as described above, held in the shipboard laboratory during each deployment, and then analyzed in parallel to provide a process blank determination. The blanks from the two deployments were averaged to determine the mean process blank for the cruise (Table 1). Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) For each analyte, the mean content of the process blank was subtracted from the corresponding sample value (Table 1), and blank-corrected values were normalized by the total number of splits, the trap collection area, and the deployment length to yield flux. The fluxes of each replicate sample at a given depth were averaged to yield the mean flux. Particulate organic carbon (POC) flux was computed as the difference between the mean TC flux and the mean PIC flux. BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes: * added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date * Added column &quot;ISO_DateTime_start&quot; from separate date|time columns * changed format of date columns to ISO 8601 dates. * In data version 3, trailing zeros were preserved for the appropriate level of precision. Specified by the Principal Investigator(s) asNeeded 7.x-1.1 Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO) Unavailable 508-289-2009 WHOI MS#36 Woods Hole MA 02543 USA info@bco-dmo.org http://www.bco-dmo.org Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided. pointOfContact Coulometer Coulometer PI Supplied Instrument Name: Coulometer Instrument Name: CO2 Coulometer Instrument Short Name:CO2 coulometer Instrument Description: A CO2 coulometer semi-automatically controls the sample handling and extraction of CO2 from seawater samples. Samples are acidified and the CO2 gas is bubbled into a titration cell where CO2 is converted to hydroxyethylcarbonic acid which is then automatically titrated with a coulometrically-generated base to a colorimetric endpoint. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB12 Thermo Electron FlashEA 1112 C/N analyzer Thermo Electron FlashEA 1112 C/N analyzer PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo Electron FlashEA 1112 C/N analyzer Instrument Name: Elemental Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: Instruments that quantify carbon, nitrogen and sometimes other elements by combusting the sample at very high temperature and assaying the resulting gaseous oxides. Usually used for samples including organic material. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB01/ NBST, neutrally buoyant sediment trap, WHOI NBST, neutrally buoyant sediment trap, WHOI PI Supplied Instrument Name: NBST, neutrally buoyant sediment trap, WHOI Instrument Name: Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap Instrument Short Name:NBST Instrument Description: In general, sediment traps are specially designed containers deployed in the water column for periods of time to collect particles from the water column falling toward the sea floor. The Neutrally Buoyant Sediment Trap (NBST) was designed by researchers at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution. The central cylinder of the NBST controls buoyancy and houses a satellite transmitter. The other tubes collect sediment as the trap drifts in currents at a predetermined depth. The samples are collected when the tubes snap shut before the trap returns to the surface. (more: http://www.whoi.edu/instruments/viewInstrument.do?id=10286) Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/33/ Riso Beta Counter Riso Beta Counter PI Supplied Instrument Name: Riso Beta Counter Instrument Name: Riso Laboratory Anti-coincidence Beta Counter Instrument Short Name:Riso Beta Counter Instrument Description: Low-level beta detectors manufactured by Riso (now Nutech) in Denmark. These instruments accept samples that can be mounted on a 25mm filter holder. These detectors have very low backgrounds, 0.17 counts per minute, and can have counting efficiencies as high as 55%. Typically used in laboratory analyses. Designed to measure low levels of beta particle emission. The systems work on the principle of anticoincidence. Particle Export LAGRAngian sediment traps (PELAGRA) Particle Export LAGRAngian sediment traps (PELAGRA) PI Supplied Instrument Name: Particle Export LAGRAngian sediment traps (PELAGRA) PI Supplied Instrument Description:PELAGRA, Particle Export LAGRAngian sediment traps, NOC: The PELAGRA trap was designed at the National Oceanography Centre, Southampton, UK (Lampitt et al. 2008) and consists of an arrangement of four conical traps (collection area 0.5 m2) around an APEX float (Teledyne-Webb Research, Inc.) with mechanically opening and closing collection cups. Instrument Name: Sediment Trap Instrument Short Name:Sediment Trap Instrument Description: Sediment traps are specially designed containers deployed in the water column for periods of time to collect particles from the water column falling toward the sea floor. In general a sediment trap has a jar at the bottom to collect the sample and a broad funnel-shaped opening at the top with baffles to keep out very large objects and help prevent the funnel from clogging. This designation is used when the specific type of sediment trap was not specified by the contributing investigator. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/33/ surface tethered trap (STT) surface tethered trap (STT) PI Supplied Instrument Name: surface tethered trap (STT) PI Supplied Instrument Description:STT, surface tethered trap, WHOI Instrument Name: Sediment Trap Instrument Short Name:Sediment Trap Instrument Description: Sediment traps are specially designed containers deployed in the water column for periods of time to collect particles from the water column falling toward the sea floor. In general a sediment trap has a jar at the bottom to collect the sample and a broad funnel-shaped opening at the top with baffles to keep out very large objects and help prevent the funnel from clogging. This designation is used when the specific type of sediment trap was not specified by the contributing investigator. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/33/ Spectrophotometer Spectrophotometer PI Supplied Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/ Cruise: DY077 DY077 Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea RRS Discovery vessel DY077 Dr Richard Lampitt University of Southampton Community Standard Description International Council for the Exploration of the Sea RRS Discovery vessel