19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:Tc91,

Samples were filtered straight from Niskin bottles following established protocols for trace-metal clean sampling (Sample handling protocols for GEOTRACES cruises).

Samples for DOC concentration were acidified to pH 2.5 and analyzed by high-temperature combustion on a Shimadzu TOC-L. DOC was calculated as the mean of between three and five injections using a six-point standard curve.

Lignin-derived phenols were determined following Yan and Kaiser (2018; Anal. Chem), and Yan and Kaiser (2018; Analytica Chimica Acta). Briefly, C18 extracts were redissolved in 200 μL of 1.1 mol L−1 argon- sparged (10 min) NaOH in a 400 uL Teflon vial (Savillex Corp) and amended with containing 500 mg CuO, and amended with 10μL of10 mmolL−1 CuSO4 and 10μ L of 0.2 molL−1 ascorbic acid. Oxidation was at 150 C for 120 minutes. Following oxidation, the samples were spiked with with a surrogate standard mixture of p- hydroxybenzoic acid-13C7, vanillin-13C6, and syringaldehyde-13C6 and acidified to pH ≈ 2.5 with 6 mol L−1 sulfuric acid in the reaction vials. Clean-up of samples was performed with Waters HLB cartrides and final sample eluates were dried under ultra-high purity argon. Phenols were quantified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry using a five-point calibration curve bracketing the concentration range. Quantified phenols (TDLP included vanillin, acetovanillone, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, syringic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, p-hydroxy-acetophenone, and p-hydroxy-benzoic acid.

Samples were filtered straight from Niskin bottles following established protocols for trace-metal clean sampling (Sample handling protocols for GEOTRACES cruises)

Lignin-derived phenols were determined following Yan and Kaiser (2018; Anal. Chem), and Yan and Kaiser (2018; Analytica Chimica Acta). Briefly, C18 extracts were redissolved in 200 μL of 1.1 mol L−1 argon- sparged (10 min) NaOH in a 400 uL Teflon vial (Savillex Corp) and amended with containing 500 mg CuO, and amended with 10μL of10 mmolL−1 CuSO4 and 10μ L of 0.2 molL−1 ascorbic acid. Oxidation was at 150 C for 120 minutes. Following oxidation, the samples were spiked with with a surrogate standard mixture of p- hydroxybenzoic acid-13C7, vanillin-13C6, and syringaldehyde-13C6 and acidified to pH ≈ 2.5 with 6 mol L−1 sulfuric acid in the reaction vials. Clean-up of samples was performed with Waters HLB cartrides and final sample eluates were dried under ultra-high purity argon. Phenols were quantified by liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry using a five-point calibration curve bracketing the concentration range. Quantified phenols: TDLP included vanillin, acetovanillone, vanillic acid, syringaldehyde, acetosyringone, syringic acid, coumaric acid, ferulic acid, p-hydroxy-benzaldehyde, p-hydroxy-acetophenone, and p-hydroxy-benzoic acid.

1b:Tb78,NSF Award Abstract: The distribution and fate of land-derived, or terrigenous, organic matter in the ocean has long been of interest to oceanographers, but that interest has grown considerably as research on the marine and global carbon cycle intensifies. Lignin is a major structural polymer found only in vascular plants, making lignin a unique tracer of terrigenous organic matter input to the marine environment. The current analytical tool for analyzing lignin, breaking it into a suite of identifiable phenolic compounds, is complex, time consuming and requires 10 to 30 liters of water. Given these limitations, applications of lignin phenols as tracers of terrestrial organic carbon in the ocean have been sparse. Through this project, the researchers aim to redesign existing chemical methodology together with modified instrumental detection for even 3 times greater sensitivity using a sample of less than 200 milliliters. Outfitting the scientific community with new methodology to sensitively trace this marker of terrigenous organic carbon will provide a clearer understanding of organic matter fluxes between and within terrestrial and oceanic reservoirs, and potentially establish lignin phenols as a robust oceanographic tracer. This project will support the development of the next generation of scientists, including an early career investigator, and graduate and undergraduate students. Lignin phenol measurements have been used to study general distribution patterns and mechanisms of decomposition of terrigenous dissolved organic carbon (tDOC) in the global ocean. The distribution pattern of tDOC among ocean basins is generally consistent with the global pattern of riverine discharge to the ocean basins. However, large scale generalizations required and more fully resolved distributions of lignin as a tracer of tDOC are hampered by the difficulties and limitations associated with the present lignin phenol method. The main objectives of this project are to (1) develop methodology for measuring dissolved lignin in ultra-low volumes at high sensitivity in open ocean seawater and (2) apply the new method to study terrigenous tDOC processing and transport in the Eurasian Basin of the Arctic Ocean, where large Siberian rivers deliver the bulk of tDOC to the shelf areas. Results from this research will help evaluate lignin phenols as robust oceanographic tracers, useful to study physical mixing in the Arctic Ocean and potentially improve our understanding of the fate and removal of terrigenous organic carbon in the oceans. Addressing the second objective would provide well-constrained decay constants for lignin and tDOC in the Arctic Ocean and provide novel information on halocline formation. Integration of tDOC budgets, freshwater budgets, and circulation and atmospheric patterns will ultimately improve understanding of biogeochemical cycles in the Arctic Ocean and its role in global climate.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"767285","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

BCO-DMO Processing: modified parameter names (removed units; replaced spaces and slashes with underscores).

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and phenols from Polarstern cruise PS 94-ARK-XXIX/3 from August to October 2015","nickname":"Dissolved phenols","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2019-05-10T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and phenols from Polarstern cruise PS 94-ARK-XXIX/3 from August to October 2015.","citation":"Kaiser, K. (2019) Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and phenols from for Polarstern cruise PS 94-ARK-XXIX/3 from August to October 2015. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-05-10 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.767285.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.767285.1","versionDate":"2019-05-10","versionId":"1","year":"2019","title":"Concentrations of dissolved organic carbon and phenols from for Polarstern cruise PS 94-ARK-XXIX/3 from August to October 2015","authors":"Kaiser, K.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.767285.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2015-08-20T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2015-10-07T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1440043200","label":"2015-08-20"},"end":{"value":"1444190400","label":"2015-10-07"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":81.2096,"longitude":-0.0505},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-179.9473 73.2525, 179.8463 73.2525, 179.8463 89.1667, -179.9473 89.1667, -179.9473 73.2525))","north":89.1667,"east":179.8463,"south":73.2525,"west":-179.9473},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"902520","title":"dissolved_phenols_PS94.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767285/file/7DDMmn6h97GZn/dissolved_phenols_PS94.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767285/data/view/902520","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 767285","filename":"dissolved_phenols_PS94.csv","bytesize":9445,"checksum":{"value":"944dc6ce2ae29f8e8991b07c877df5f4","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_767285","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"732803","name":"Karl Kaiser"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"736024","name":"Texas A&M, Galveston"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"767278","name":"ARK-XXIX_3","synonyms":["PS94"],"dates":{"start":"2015-08-17T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2015-10-15T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"54063","name":"R/V Polarstern"},"chiefScientists":[]}],"funding":[{"_id":"763578","name":"OCE-1536506","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1536506"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"767346","name":"liquid chromatography/electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry","description":"","type_id":"685","type_name":"Mass Spectrometer","type_desc":"General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components.","type_acronym":"Mass Spec"},{"_id":"767339","name":"Niskin bottles","description":"","type_id":"413","type_name":"Niskin bottle","type_desc":"A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc.","type_acronym":"Niskin bottle"},{"_id":"767340","name":"Shimadzu TOC-L","description":"","type_id":"527277","type_name":"Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer","type_desc":"A Shimadzu TOC-L Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method.\r\n\r\nDeveloped by Shimadzu, the 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method is now used worldwide. One of its most important features is the capacity to efficiently oxidize hard-to-decompose organic compounds, including insoluble and macromolecular organic compounds. The 680 degree C combustion catalytic oxidation method has been adopted for the TOC-L series.\r\n\r\nhttp://www.shimadzu.com/an/toc/lab/toc-l2.html","type_acronym":"Shimadzu TOC-L"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"767312","name":"Station","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Station

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"987","name":"station","description":"

Station identifier; a unique number or alphanumeric string designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

"}},{"_id":"767313","name":"Cast","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Cast

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"761","name":"cast","description":"

cast or profile number

"}},{"_id":"767314","name":"Bottle","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Bottle

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"757","name":"bottle","description":"

water bottle number, generally assigned to a position on a CTD rosette, identifies all samples drawn from a given bottle

"}},{"_id":"767315","name":"Date_Time_UTC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date and time (UTC); format: yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"767316","name":"Latitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude north

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"767317","name":"Longitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude east (postive values = east)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datsets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"767318","name":"Depth_water","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sample depth

","units":{"_id":"","name":"meters (m)"},"type":{"_id":"808","name":"depth","description":"

Observation/sample depth below the sea surface. Units often reported as: meters, feet.

\nWhen used in a JGOFS/GLOBEC dataset the depth is a best estimate; usually but not always calculated from pressure; calculated either from CTD pressure using Fofonoff and Millard (1982; UNESCO Tech Paper #44) algorithm adjusted for 1980 equation of state for seawater (EOS80) or simply equivalent to nominal depth as recorded during sampling if CTD pressure was unavailable.

"}},{"_id":"767319","name":"Temp","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Temperature

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius"},"type":{"_id":"733","name":"temperature","description":"

water temperature at measurement depth

"}},{"_id":"767320","name":"Salinity","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Salinity

","units":{"_id":"","name":"PSU"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

"}},{"_id":"767321","name":"DOC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

DOC

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles per liter (umol/L)"},"type":{"_id":"1188","name":"DOC","description":"

dissolved organic Carbon

"}},{"_id":"767322","name":"Phenols","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Phenols

","units":{"_id":"","name":"picomoles per liter (pmol/L)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"749430","citation":"Cutter, G., Andersson, P., Codispoti, L., Croot, P., François, R., Lohan, M. C., Obata, H. and Rutgers v. d. Loeff, M. (2010). Sampling and Sample-handling Protocols for GEOTRACES Cruises, [Miscellaneous] Version 1.","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"767311","citation":"Yan, G., & Kaiser, K. (2018). A rapid and sensitive method for the analysis of lignin phenols in environmental samples using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography-electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring. Analytica Chimica Acta, 1023, 74–80. doi:10.1016/j.aca.2018.03.054\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"767310","citation":"Yan, G., & Kaiser, K. (2018). Ultralow Sample Volume Cupric Sulfate Oxidation Method for the Analysis of Dissolved Lignin. Analytical Chemistry, 90(15), 9289–9295. doi:10.1021/acs.analchem.8b01867\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767285/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"GeoJSON","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.geoJson","contentType":"application/geo+json","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ODV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_767285.odvTxt","contentType":"text/plain","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767285/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767285/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/767285/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"763579","name":"Development and application of a high sensitivity, ultra low volume method to measure biomarkers of terrigenous organic matter in the open ocean","acronym":"Lignin phenol method development","description":"$1b"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.767285.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.767285.1","date_assigned":"2019-06-04","version_date":"2019-05-10","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":143},"downloads":{"count":382}}}}]