19:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1a:T5a0,

Underway sea surface temperature, salinity, and pCO2 data were collected continuously along the cruise track. Surface seawater was collected from an intake on the port side of the ship at about 4m depth. SST and SSS were measured by an SBE45 (Sea-Bird Electronics) Thermosalino graph installed in the sea chest. Seawater was pumped to the ship's labs. There, underway pCO2 was measured inline by an automated system (Apollo Scitech) with a Li-7000 (LICOR, Inc.) non-dispersive infrared detector at a water flow rate of 3-4L/min; The sampling interval was 2 min. This autonomous system was twice daily against three certified CO2 gas standards (150.62, 404.72, and 992.54 ppm) obtained from NOAA's Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Global Monitoring Division in Boulder, CO. These gas standards are directly traceable to the World Meteorological Organization (WMO) scale. The precision of underway pCO2 measurements of this system is 0.1 μatm, and the overall accuracy is estimated at 2 μatm, as documented by Pierrot et al. (2009). The underway system uses a shower head type equilibrator with ~0.5L headspace volume.

Instruments:
Underway pCO2 was measured inline by an automated system (Apollo Scitech) with a Li-7000 (LICOR, Inc.) non-dispersive infrared detector .

The pCO2 measurement was calibrated twice daily against 3 certified CO2 gas
standards (150.62, 404.72, and 992.54 ppm)

1b:Tecd,NSF Award Abstract: Ocean acidification (OA) refers to the lowering of ocean pH (or increasing acidity) due to uptake of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). A great deal of research has been done to understand how the open ocean is influenced by OA, but coastal systems have received little attention. In the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) shelf region, pH in bottom waters can measure up to 0.45 units less than the pH of the pre-industrial surface ocean, in comparison to the 0.1 overall pH decrease across the entire ocean. Carbonate chemistry in the ocean is greatly influenced by even small changes in pH, so these seemingly minor changes lead to much greater impacts on the biology and chemistry of the ocean. The researchers plan to study coastal OA in the nGOM, a region subject to high inputs of nutrients from the Mississippi River. These inputs of anthropogenic nitrogen mostly derived from fertilizers leads to increased respiration rates which decreases oxygen concentrations in the water column to the point of hypoxia in the summer. This study will inform us how OA in coastal waters subject to eutrophication and hypoxia will impact the chemistry and biology of the region. The researchers are dedicated to outreach programs in the Gulf and east coast regions, interacting with K-12 students and teachers, undergraduate/graduate student training, and various outreach efforts (family workshops on OA, lectures for the public and federal, state, and local representatives). Also, a project website will be created to disseminate the research results to a wider audience. Increased uptakes of atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) by the ocean has led to a 0.1 unit decrease in seawater pH and carbonate mineral saturation state, a process known as Ocean Acidification (OA), which threatens the heath of marine organisms, alters marine ecosystems, and biogeochemical processes. Considerable attention has been focused on understanding the impact of OA on the open ocean but less attention has been given to coastal regions. Recent studies indicate that pH in bottom waters of the northern Gulf of Mexico (nGOM) shelf can be as much as 0.45 units lower relative to pre-industrial values. This occurs because the acidification resulting from increased CO2 inputs (both atmospheric inputs and in-situ respiration) decreases the buffering capacity of seawater. This interactive effect will increase with time, decreasing summertime nGOM bottom-water pH by an estimated 0.85 units and driving carbonate minerals to undersaturation by the end of this century. Researchers from the University of Delaware and the Louisiana Universities Marine Consortium will carry out a combined field, laboratory, and modeling program to address the following questions. (1) What are the physical, chemical, and biological controls on acidification in coastal waters impacted by the large, nutrient-laden Mississippi River?; (2) What is the link between coastal-water acidification, eutrophication, and hypoxia; (3) How do low pH and high CO2 concentrations in bottom waters affect CO2 out-gassing during fall and winter and storm periods when the water column is mixed?; and (4) What are the influences of changing river inputs under anthropogenic forcing on coastal water acidification? Results from this research aim to further our understanding of the processes influencing ocean acidification in coastal waters subject to eutrophication and hypoxia both in the GOM and river-dominated shelf ecosystems globally. Related Project note: There are overlapping cruises with the project "Sed Control on OA" https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/815333. Thus, while some water column data can be found under this project "nGOMx acidification", all benthic data can be found under the "Sed Control on OA" project.6:["$","$L19",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"770864","description":"

Underway pCO2 from R/V Pelican cruise GOM_UW_1704 conducted in northern Gulf of Mexico in April 2017.

\n","problem":"","acquisition":"$1a","processing":"

1) Read the data into Excel.
\n2) Get the data log book and delete any questionable data such as those during instrument failure. Note: data during calibration should be cut and pasted into another worksheet.
\n3) Correct the CO2 data directly from Li-Cor using the calibration results. Specifically, first get the linear relationship between the known xCO2 from gas cylinders and the Li-Cor reading; then use the correlated equation to correct the raw xCO2 to calibrated xCO2.
\n4) Calculate the surface water pCO2 at the temperature of equilibration (it will be corrected to in-situ temperature later) [pCO2 (eq), units: μatm][Weiss and Price, 1980].
\n5) Calculate in-situ pCO2 [pCO2@SST, units: μatm] (Takahashi et al. 1993)

Data Manager processing notes:
\n- Converted longitude range from 0-360 to -180 - 180
\n- Added "Z" to end the datetime stamp to indicate it was in UTC time

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Underway pCO2 from the R/V Pelican cruise GOM_UW_1704 conducted in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in April 2017.","nickname":"Underway pCO2","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2019-07-01T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Underway pCO2 from R/V Pelican cruise conducted in the northern Gulf of Mexico (27.5 N, 30 N, 88 W, 94 W) from April 5th to 16th in 2017. The precision of pCO2 is ±2 µatm.","citation":"Cai, W., Rabalais, N., Fennel, K. (2019) Underway pCO2 from the R/V Pelican cruise GOM_UW_1704 conducted in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in April 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-07-01 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.770864.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.770864.1","versionDate":"2019-07-01","versionId":"1","year":"2019","title":"Underway pCO2 from the R/V Pelican cruise GOM_UW_1704 conducted in the Northern Gulf of Mexico in April 2017.","authors":"Cai, W., Rabalais, N., Fennel, K.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.770864.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2017-04-06T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2017-04-16T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitDay","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1491451200","label":"2017-04-06"},"end":{"value":"1492315200","label":"2017-04-16"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":28.56785,"longitude":-91.11035},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-93.4223 27.4902, -88.7984 27.4902, -88.7984 29.6455, -93.4223 29.6455, -93.4223 27.4902))","north":29.6455,"east":-88.7984,"south":27.4902,"west":-93.4223},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"902552","title":"pco2.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/770864/file/5AAMkl1iwRWqmm/pco2.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/770864/data/view/902552","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 770864","filename":"pco2.csv","bytesize":854491,"checksum":{"value":"d33c7c7db72ebac5d5a207d179b6b459","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"bcodmo_dataset_770864","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"528011","name":"Wei-Jun Cai"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"70","name":"University of Delaware"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"50705","name":"Katja Fennel"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"32","name":"Dalhousie University"}},{"role":{"_id":"140","name":"Co-Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"751342","name":"Nancy Rabalais"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"670530","name":"Louisiana State University"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"748773","name":"Karen Soenen"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"772116","name":"PE17-18","synonyms":["GOM_UW_1704","GOM_CTD_1704"],"dates":{"start":"2017-04-05T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2017-04-16T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"54114","name":"R/V Pelican"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"772713","name":"Baoshan Chen","role":"Chief Scientist"}]}],"funding":[{"_id":"751331","name":"OCE-1559279","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1559279"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"770878","name":"a Li-7000 (LICOR, Inc.) non-dispersive infrared detector","description":"Underway pCO2 was measured inline by an automated system (Apollo Scitech) with a Li-7000 (LICOR, Inc.) non-dispersive infrared detector .","type_id":"577","type_name":"LI-COR LI-7000 Gas Analyzer","type_desc":"The LI-7000 gas analyzer is a differential, single source, non-dispersive, infrared gas analyzer. It has two solid state detectors, one each for CO2 and H2O, filters at 4.255 microns and 2.595 microns respectively. CO2 is measured in the range 0-3000ppm, with an accuracy of 1 percent nominally. H2O is measured in the range 0-60 mmol per mol, with an accuracy of one 1 percent.","type_acronym":"LI-COR LI-7000"},{"_id":"770877","name":"","description":"Underway pCO2 was measured inline by an automated system (Apollo Scitech) with a Li-7000 (LICOR, Inc.) non-dispersive infrared detector .","type_id":"676","type_name":"pCO2 Sensor","type_desc":"A sensor that measures the partial pressure of CO2 in water (pCO2)","type_acronym":"pCO2 Sensor"},{"_id":"770876","name":"SBE45 (Sea-Bird Electronics) Thermosalino graph","description":"","type_id":"528063","type_name":"Sea-Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG Thermosalinograph","type_desc":"A small externally powered, high-accuracy instrument, designed for shipboard determination of sea surface (pumped-water) conductivity and temperature. It is constructed of plastic and titanium to ensure long life with minimum maintenance. It may optionally be interfaced to an external SBE 38 hull temperature sensor.\r\n\r\nSea Bird SBE 45 MicroTSG (Thermosalinograph)","type_acronym":"SBE 45 MicroTSG"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"771688","name":"Region","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Study area: MisPlume (west), MisPlume (east), AtchCoast or AtchPlume

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"952","name":"region","description":"

geographical area of sampling

"}},{"_id":"771689","name":"Cruise","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Cruise name

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1929","name":"Cruise Name","description":"

The cruise_name is a local name chosen by project investigators for a research expedition on a vessel, as opposed to the formal/official cruise ID asserted by the vessel operator.

"}},{"_id":"771690","name":"GPS_DateTime_UTC","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Date time in format yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS (UTC)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1908","name":"ISO_DateTime_UTC","description":"

Date/Time (UTC) ISO formatted
\nThis standard is based on ISO 8601:2004(E) and takes on any of the following forms:
\n2009-08-30T09:05:00[.xx] (local time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]-05:00
\nThe dashes and the colons can be dropped.
\nThe T can also be dropped \"by mutual agreement\", but one needs the trailing Z if the time is UTC.

Sample ISO_datetime_utc:
\n2009-08-30T14:05:00[.xx]Z (UTC time)

Format: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MM:SS[.xx]Z (UTC time)

"}},{"_id":"771691","name":"Longitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Longitude, west is negative

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"771692","name":"Latitude","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Latitude, south is negative

","units":{"_id":"","name":"decimal degrees"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"771693","name":"Temperature","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sea surface tempearture, measured with SBE45

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius (°C)"},"type":{"_id":"553763","name":"temperature","description":"

Temperature in degrees C of a sample or other item. A generic temperature measurement.

Note: This is NOT water temp or sea surface temp

"}},{"_id":"771694","name":"Salinity","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Sea surface salinity, measured with SBE45

","units":{"_id":"","name":"PSU"},"type":{"_id":"955","name":"sal","description":"

Salinity: The amount (mass or quantity of matter) of salt per amount (volume or mass) of a body of water.

"}},{"_id":"771695","name":"pCO2","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

pCO2 at SST (+-2 uatm)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"microatmosphere (uatm)"},"type":{"_id":"1991","name":"pCO2","description":"

Partial pressure of carbon dioxide {pCO2} in the water body by computation from pH and alkalinity.

"}},{"_id":"772096","name":"Flag_pCO2","format":"","frictionlessType":"","description":"

Flag of pCO2 at SST. A flag indicated as 2 is good, it means the precision is less than +- 2 uatm

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1730","name":"flag","description":"

Data flag. Multiple uses which are dataset dependent. Some uses: data quality, collection occurrence or success, depth indicator. See dataset documentation for specific details

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"771607","citation":"Feely, R. A., Wanninkhof, R., Milburn, H. B., Cosca, C. E., Stapp, M., & P. Murphy, P. (1998). A new automated underway system for making high precision pCO2 measurements onboard research ships. Analytica Chimica Acta, 377(2-3), 185–191. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(98)00388-2\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"771608","citation":"Ho, D.T., Wanninkhof, R., Masters, J., Feely, R. A., and Cosca, C. E. (1997). Measurement of underway fCO2 in the Eastern Equatorial Pacific on NOAA ships BALDRIGE and DISCOVERER, NOAA data report ERL AOML-30, 52 pp., NTIS Springfield.","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"771609","citation":"Pierrot, D., Neill, C., Sullivan, K., Castle, R., Wanninkhof, R., Lüger, H., … Cosca, C. E. (2009). Recommendations for autonomous underway pCO2 measuring systems and data-reduction routines. Deep Sea Research Part II: Topical Studies in Oceanography, 56(8-10), 512–522. doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2008.12.005\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"771612","citation":"Takahashi, T., Olafsson, J., Goddard, J. G., Chipman, D. W., & Sutherland, S. C. (1993). Seasonal variation of CO2and nutrients in the high-latitude surface oceans: A comparative study. Global Biogeochemical Cycles, 7(4), 843–878. doi:10.1029/93gb02263\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"771610","citation":"Wanninkhof, R., & Thoning, K. (1993). Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods. Marine Chemistry, 44(2-4), 189–204. doi:10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-y\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"771611","citation":"Weiss, R. F. (1970). The solubility of nitrogen, oxygen and argon in water and seawater. Deep Sea Research and Oceanographic Abstracts, 17(4), 721–735. doi:10.1016/0011-7471(70)90037-9\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""},{"id":"738541","citation":"Weiss, R. F. (1974). Carbon dioxide in water and seawater: the solubility of a non-ideal gas. Marine Chemistry, 2(3), 203–215. doi:10.1016/0304-4203(74)90015-2\r\n","relation_type":["Methods"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/770864/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"ERDDAP","items":[{"name":"SUBSET DATA","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.html","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"tool"},{"name":"VIEW TABLE","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.htmlTable","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"CSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.csv","contentType":"text/csv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"TSV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.tsv","contentType":"text/tsv","actionType":"download"},{"name":"GeoJSON","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.geoJson","contentType":"application/geo+json","actionType":"download"},{"name":"MATLAB","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.mat","contentType":"text/x-matlab","actionType":"download"},{"name":"netCDF","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.nc","contentType":"application/x-netcdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ODV","description":"","url":"https://erddap.bco-dmo.org/erddap/tabledap/bcodmo_dataset_770864.odvTxt","contentType":"text/plain","actionType":"download"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/770864/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/770864/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/770864/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"751332","name":"Collaborative Research: pH Dynamics and Interactive Effects of Multiple Processes in a River-Dominated Eutrophic Coastal Ocean","acronym":"nGOMx acidification","description":"$1b"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.770864.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.770864.1","date_assigned":"2019-07-10","version_date":"2019-07-01","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":141},"downloads":{"count":364}}}}]