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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/773674.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Nutrients, metals, and CTD observations from CTD casts and bottles from R/V Knorr cruise KN192-05 in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre and Benguela upwelling region from November to December 2007 (CoFeMUG project)</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Saito, M. A. (2025) Nutrients, metals, and CTD observations from CTD casts and bottles from R/V Knorr cruise KN192-05 in the South Atlantic subtropical gyre and Benguela upwelling region from November to December 2007 (CoFeMUG project). Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-07-29 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.773674.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>nutrient and metal data alongside CTD data Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Analysis of nutrients, cobalt (total and labile), dissolved iron, and dissolved manganese of water samples drawn from Trace Metal Rosette (TMR) bottle casts.&amp;amp;nbsp;CTD dataset is combined from both sensors. Missing CTD was due to lack of sensor package on the trace metal rosette (Stations 1, 25, 27, and some repeat Station 13 casts) or technical issues (battery failure, Station 9). Selected CTD depths (usually the deepest) were not included when O2 sensor values were anomalous (i.e. negative values).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;This dataset is related to the BCO-DMO Dataset Nutrients and Metals (&amp;lt;a href=&amp;quot;https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3233&amp;quot; target=&amp;quot;_blank&amp;quot;&amp;gt;https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3233&amp;lt;/a&amp;gt;); however, this dataset also includes the CTD data.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Three transects were sampled using the Trace Metal Rosette (TMR) on the CoFeMUG cruise aboard R/V Knorr in 2007. Refer to Noble, et al. (2012) for detailed information on acquisition and processing.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nutrient Analyses&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II components were used to measure phophate and ammonium. Alpkem rapid flow analyzer (RFA) 300 components were used to measure silicic acid, nitrate+nitrite, and nitrite.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cobalt Analyses&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Total dissolved and labile cobalt concentrations were determined using cathodic stripping voltammetry, previously described by Saito and Moffet (2001) and Saito, et al. (2004). Measurements were made using Eco-Chemie uAutolab-III systems connected to Metrohm 663 VA Stands with hanging mercury drop electrodes and Teflon sampling cups.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Iron and Manganese Analyses&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Total dissolved iron and manganese concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SAFe seawater intercalibration standards were analyzed at the beginning of each analysis day with iron concentrations of 0.96 ± 0.095 nmol L-1 for D2 and 0.125 ± 0.046 nmol L-1 for S1 (n = 10), which are within the reported ranges of 0.91 + 0.17 nmol L-1 and 0.097 + 0.043 nmol L-1 (Johnson et al. 2007).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;CTD&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Two CTD packages were employed on KN-192-5, the Knorr's Seabird 911+ CTD package and the science party's Seabird-19 sensor package. The Seabird-19 was deployed on the science party's trace metal rosette for the deep casts to ~5000m, while the ship's CTD was deployed to 800m for upper water casts. The two packages were needed due to wire time constraints, as there was insufficient time to send both rosettes deep at each station. Oxygen data for the two CTD were calibrated with shipboard winkler titrations as described in Noble, et al. (2012). The Seabird-19 was calibrated in the factory immediately prior to the cruise.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/54681.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-0452883" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-0452883 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=0452883</gmx:Anchor>
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* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.

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                            <gco:CharacterString>&lt;p&gt;The geochemistries of dissolved cobalt (Co) and iron (Fe) in the oceanic water column share several characteristics such as extremely low concentrations, redox chemistry, low solubility,and utilization as micronutrients by marine microbes. Iron has been the subject of considerable research focus in recent years due to its role in limiting phytoplankton productivity in oceanic and coastal upwelling environments. Cobalt has been much less studied, but recent data show it may be important in influencing primary productivity or phytoplankton community composition in certain geographical areas.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;The CoFeMUG project predated GEOTRACES, so while it is not formally recognized as a GEOTRACES section, it is considered a GEOTRACES-related project and the CoFeMUG data are GEOTRACES compliant.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;State-of-the-art geochemical and molecular biological techniques were used to address biogeochemical questions in the South Atlantic, and focus especially on the two trace metals, cobalt and iron. The 27-day cruise in November and December 2007 to the South Atlantic was designed to study cobalt and iron biogeochemistry and focus on four major hypotheses.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;(1) Large fluxes of labile cobalt are associated with upwelling systems even in Aeolian dominated environments.&lt;br /&gt;
(2) Cobalt and phosphate show correlations in (and only in) surface waters due to micronutrient utilization and rapid remineralization. The slope of the correlation is dependent on the chemical speciation of cobalt.&lt;br /&gt;
(3) The absence of Trichodesmium populations in the subtropical and tropical South Atlantic is caused by iron limitation.&lt;br /&gt;
(4) Based on work from the California and Peru Upwelling regimes, primary productivity in the Benguela upwelling regime off of South West Africa may be iron limited or iron-cobalt colimited.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;A combination of geochemical and biological/molecular analyses were made across an oligotrophic-upwelling transition to examine how changing metal regimes affect the physiology and growth of the important primary producers Trichodesmium and Synechococcus.&lt;/p&gt;
&lt;p&gt;CoFeMUG project results are published in:&lt;br /&gt;
Noble, Abigail E., Carl H. Lamborg, Dan C. Ohnemus, Phoebe J. Lam, Tyler J. Goepfert, Chris I. Measures, Caitlin H. Frame, Karen L. Casciotti, Giacomo R. DiTullio, Joe Jennings, and Mak A. Saito (2012) Basin-scale inputs of cobalt, iron, and manganese from the Benguela-Angola front to the South Atlantic Ocean. Limnology &amp;amp; Oceanography. Vol. 57(4), July 2012. pgs 989-1010. doi:10.4319/lo.2012.57.4.0989 (&lt;a href=&quot;http://www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_57/issue_4/0989.pdf&quot;&gt;www.aslo.org/lo/toc/vol_57/issue_4/0989.pdf&lt;/a&gt;)&lt;/p&gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Nutrient Analyses&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Technicon AutoAnalyzer II components were used to measure phophate and ammonium. Alpkem rapid flow analyzer (RFA) 300 components were used to measure silicic acid, nitrate+nitrite, and nitrite.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Cobalt Analyses&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Total dissolved and labile cobalt concentrations were determined using cathodic stripping voltammetry, previously described by Saito and Moffet (2001) and Saito, et al. (2004). Measurements were made using Eco-Chemie uAutolab-III systems connected to Metrohm 663 VA Stands with hanging mercury drop electrodes and Teflon sampling cups.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Iron and Manganese Analyses&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;: Total dissolved iron and manganese concentrations were measured using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). SAFe seawater intercalibration standards were analyzed at the beginning of each analysis day with iron concentrations of 0.96 ± 0.095 nmol L-1 for D2 and 0.125 ± 0.046 nmol L-1 for S1 (n = 10), which are within the reported ranges of 0.91 + 0.17 nmol L-1 and 0.097 + 0.043 nmol L-1 (Johnson et al. 2007).&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;0&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt; = no quality control = No quality control procedures have been applied to the data value. This is the initial status for all data values entering the working archive.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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