http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/781759
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2019-11-15
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Dissolved trace metal concentrations for Incubation 1, initiated September 11th, 2016 on RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean
2019-11-20
publication
2019-11-20
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2020-01-24
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.781759.1
Kristen Buck
University of South Florida
principalInvestigator
Phoebe Dreux Chappell
Old Dominion University
principalInvestigator
Bethany D. Jenkins
University of Rhode Island
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Buck, K., Chappell, P., Jenkins, B. (2019) Dissolved trace metal concentrations for Incubation 1, initiated September 11th, 2016 on RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-11-20 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.781759.1 [access date]
Dataset Description: <div><span style="font-size:13px">Dissolved trace metal concentrations for Incubation 1, initiated September 11th, 2016 on RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean.</span></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">Related Datasets:</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">* NBP1608 TMs: stations https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/781773</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">* NBP1608 TMs: Incubation 2 https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/781827</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">* NBP1608 TMs: Incubation 3 https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/781841</span></div> Methods and Sampling: Methodology:
The following methods are provided from a manuscript currently in preparation (Burns et al. in prep.).
Sample Collection:
Seawater for the incubation was collected in austral spring 2016 aboard the R/V/I/B Nathaniel B. Palmer using a SeaBird GEOTRACES style SBE32 rosette system deployed on a conducting Kevlar line (Cutter and Bruland 2012) with OceanTestEquipment, Inc. X-Niskin samplers modified for trace element sampling.
The collected seawater was homogenized in trace metal clean, Milli-Q (18.2 MΩcm)-conditioned 50-L polypropylene carboys. The seawater from the 50-L carboys was then aliquoted into a series of acid-cleaned (10% hydrochloric acid (HCl), Fisher, Trace Metal Grade (TMG)), Milli-Q conditioned 4-L polycarbonate incubation bottles, which were assigned different treatments. The treatments were carried out in both light and dark conditions. The light bottles were continuously exposed to blue fluorescent light to simulate surface ocean light conditions during austral spring (Hopkinson et al. 2007; Buck et al. 2010). The dark bottles were placed in heavy duty black bags as controls for background heterotrophic bacterial activity and trace metal adsorption to walls. The 4-L bottles were incubated in a temperature-controlled (2 ºC) incubation van onboard for approximately two weeks. All bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling.
Incubation 1 was conducted using offshore waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) from station 1 (62º 20.023 S, 64º 38.932 W) collected on September 11, 2016 from at depths of 25-35 m. Six treatments were carried out in the light and dark: +0 unamended offshore control, +1 nM 57FeCl3, +4 nM 57FeCl3, +10 nM 57FeCl3, +600 pM vitamin B12, and +600 pM vitamin B12 with +4 nM 57FeCl3. The stable isotope 57Fe was added in select incubation treatments as a tracer of the Fe amendments. This incubation was carried out for 14 days, from September 13, 2016 to September 27, 2016. The light-exposed treatments were sampled on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14. For each light-exposed treatment, three of the nine 4-L incubation bottles were randomly sampled per timepoint to yield three replicates per timepoint. Four replicate bottles were sampled on the final day. Each dark treatment was sampled on days 0, 1, 7, 12, and 14, with only one of the two 4-L incubation bottles sampled per timepoint, except for the final day when both bottles were sampled.
Dissolved Trace Metals:
Samples for dissolved trace metals were filtered through sequential 3 μm and 0.4 µm acid-cleaned PCTE filters on Teflon dual-stage filter rigs (Savillex) connected to a custom-made, trace-metal-clean vacuum filtration system. The dissolved fraction (<0.4 μm) filtrate was collected in acid-cleaned 125-mL low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles. Bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling. Samples were acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M HCl, Fisher, Optima) and stored double bagged in buckets at room temperature until analyzed at the University of South Florida.
Extraction and pre-concentration of the dissolved samples was performed using the seaFAST-pico system (Elemental Scientific) offline (Lagerström et al. 2013; Bown et al. 2017; Rapp et al. 2017). The commercially available Nobias-chelate PA1 resin (Sohrin et al. 2008; Sohrin and Bruland 2011; Biller and Bruland 2012) in the seaFAST preconcentration column concurrently extracts the trace metals of interest in this study: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. To sufficiently extract dissolved Co and Cu, ultraviolet (UV) oxidation of the dissolved samples was conducted prior to seaFAST extraction (Achterberg et al. 2001; Milne et al. 2010; Biller and Bruland 2012). To accomplish this, dissolved samples were poured into acid-cleaned Teflon™ 30-mL vials (Savillex) with Teflon™ caps custom-fitted with transparent quartz window, and UV oxidized for 90 minutes at ~20 mW cm-2 in a UVO-Cleaner® (Jelight Model No. 342) after a 30-minute system warm-up.
During the seaFAST extraction process, UV-oxidized samples were buffered to a target pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 (Lagerström et al. 2013). To conserve the buffer reagent, the seaFAST buffer flow rate was adjusted in the submethod from 400-650 to 400-350 sec-μL/min. To make the ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) buffer, a solution of 5.3 M glacial acetic acid (HAc, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) and 2.6 M ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, Fisher, Optima) in Milli-Q was adjusted to pH 7.4 ± 0.2 with small additions of either HAc or NH4OH.
For preconcentration of the extracted trace metals, the seaFAST software method was programmed to take up one 10-mL loop of sample seawater and elute the extracted trace metals with 400 μL of elution acid. The elution acid was 0.74 M triple-distilled nitric acid (HNO3) containing 10 ppb indium (In) and rhodium (Rh) internal standards. The HNO3 was triple-distilled using a Savillex DST-1000 Acid Purification System prior to use. The eluent was eluted into acid-cleaned, 2.0 mL PVDF vials (Elemental Scientific) with TeflonTM caps (Elemental Scientific). A 0.30 M HNO3 (Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) rinse for the seaFAST autosampler probe was used between each sample.
Quality control (QC) checks were included in seaFAST runs. GEOTRACES 2008 GS and SAFe 2004 D2 reference samples were measured to assess accuracy. Additionally, QC seawater samples were run approximately every 15 samples to monitor instrument precision over time. The first QC was offshore seawater from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl. The second QC was from offshore Eastern Pacific Zone seawater, acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl.
Two sets of standard curves were made for these analyses: one set in ACC QC seawater (acidified to 0.024 M with Optima HCl) and a second set in the elution acid (0.74 M triple-distilled HNO3 containing 10 ppb In and Rh). For the mixed metal standard curves, stock solutions were made in 1.49 M Optima (Fisher) HNO3 using 1,000 ppm standards (ULTRA Scientific) of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. For the 57Fe standard curves, stock solutions of 57FeCl3 were prepared from dissolution of 57Fe metal (Isoflex) in Optima HCl, diluted with 0.024 M HCl. Each curve was a minimum of six points and made to cover the concentration ranges of the dissolved trace metals in incubation samples.
The eluents from the seaFAST were analyzed on a Thermo Scientific magnetic sector Element XR High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (HR-ICP-MS). In between each sample, the autosampler probe was rinsed twice in 0.74 M TraceMetalGrade (Fisher) HNO3, to avoid sample carryover. To account for any interference of MoO+ on Cd counts, a three-point Mo calibration curve was made in elution acid and the slope of the Mo counts plotted against Cd counts was used to adjust Cd counts. The 57FeCl3 elution acid curve was used to correct the sample 56Fe counts for any 56Fe added with the 57FeCl3 amendments.
Trace metals were quantified by standard addition from the seawater standard curves. The average counts for each trace metal were normalized to the In internal standard counts per sample, to account for daily drift in ICP-MS measurements. Dissolved trace metal concentrations in each seawater sample were calculated from the seawater calibration curve slope. The In-normalized average trace metal counts were divided by the seawater curve slope to yield the trace metal concentrations in each eluent. Dissolved Fe reported represents the sum of natural dissolved iron in the seawater plus any measurable dissolved 57Fe from the treatment addition.
Air blanks were measured with a minimum of three replicates per seaFAST and Element XR run. For the air blanks, the seaFAST method was run as usual, but taking up air instead of acidified seawater. For the dissolved trace metal concentrations presented here, the average air blank concentrations per seaFAST run were subtracted from the dissolved sample concentrations to account for the procedural blank.
Sample analyses for dissolved trace metals were performed by Shannon Burns (USF); ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-3060.
Quality Flags: The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used (reference all flags at https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/odv_format/). Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in brackets […].
1: Good Value: Good quality data value that is not part of any identified malfunction and has been verified as consistent with real phenomena during the quality control process. [See Table 1 for reference sample data.]
2: Probably Good Value: Data value that is probably consistent with real phenomena but this is unconfirmed or data value forming part of a malfunction that is considered too small to affect the overall quality of the data object of which it is a part. [Not used.]
3: Probably Bad Value: Data value recognized as unusual during quality control that forms part of a feature that is probably inconsistent with real phenomena. [Used when data appeared anomalous.]
4: Bad Value: An obviously erroneous data value. [Not used.]
5: Changed Value: Data value adjusted during quality control. [Not used.]
6: Value Below Detection Limit: The level of the measured phenomenon was too small to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the detection limit for the technique or zero if that value is unknown. [Not used. See Table 1 for detection limits.]
7: Value in Excess: The level of the measured phenomenon was too large to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the measurement limit for the technique. [Not used.]
8: Interpolated Value: This value has been derived by interpolation from other values in the data object. [Not used.]
9: Missing Value: The data value is missing. Any accompanying value will be a magic number representing absent data. [Not used.]
A: Value Phenomenon Uncertain: There is uncertainty in the description of the measured phenomenon associated with the value such as chemical species or biological entity. [Not used.]
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1443483 Award URL: http://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward.do?AwardNumber=1443483
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1443474 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1443474
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1443646 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1443646
completed
Kristen Buck
University of South Florida
541-737-7401
2651 SW Orchard Avenue CEOAS
Corvallis
OR
97331
USA
kristen.buck@oregonstate.edu
pointOfContact
Phoebe Dreux Chappell
Old Dominion University
757-683-4937
333 Oceanography and Physics Bldg.
Norfolk
VA
23529
USA
pdchappe@odu.edu
pointOfContact
Bethany D. Jenkins
University of Rhode Island
401-874-7551
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Oceanography 279 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road
Kingston
RI
02881
USA
bjenkins@uri.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
DATE
INCUBATION
DAY
ID
TREATMENT
BTLNBR
Mn_D_CONC
Mn_D_CONC_FLAG
Fe_D_CONC
Fe_D_CONC_FLAG
ADD_57Fe_D_CONC
ADD_57Fe_D_CONC_FLAG
Co_D_CONC
Co_D_CONC_FLAG
Ni_D_CONC
Ni_D_CONC_FLAG
Cu_D_CONC
Cu_D_CONC_FLAG
Zn_D_CONC
Zn_D_CONC_FLAG
Cd_D_CONC
Cd_D_CONC_FLAG
Pb_D_CONC
Pb_D_CONC_FLAG
Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer
SeaFAST pico
theme
None, User defined
date
treatment
time_elapsed
sample identification
bottle
trace metal concentration
quality flag
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Mass Spectrometer
SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
NBP1608
service
Deployment Activity
Southern Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Investigating Iron-binding Ligands in Southern Ocean Diatom Communities: The Role of Diatom-Bacteria Associations
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/738582
Collaborative Research: Investigating Iron-binding Ligands in Southern Ocean Diatom Communities: The Role of Diatom-Bacteria Associations
<p>This project focuses on an important group of photosynthetic algae in the Southern Ocean (SO), diatoms, and the roles associated bacterial communities play in modulating their growth. Diatom growth fuels the SO food web and balances atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering the carbon used for growth to the deep ocean on long time scales as cells sink below the surface. The diatom growth is limited by the available iron in the seawater, most of which is not freely available to the diatoms but instead is tightly bound to other compounds. The nature of these compounds and how phytoplankton acquire iron from them is critical to understanding productivity in this region and globally. The investigators will conduct experiments to characterize the relationship between diatoms, their associated bacteria, and iron in open ocean and inshore waters. Experiments will involve supplying nutrients at varying nutrient ratios to natural phytoplankton assemblages to determine how diatoms and their associated bacteria respond to different conditions. This will provide valuable data that can be used by climate and food web modelers and it will help us better understand the relationship between iron, a key nutrient in the ocean, and the organisms at the base of the food web that use iron for photosynthetic growth and carbon uptake. The project will also further the NSF goals of training new generations of scientists and of making scientific discoveries available to the general public. The project supports early career senior investigators and the training of graduate and undergraduate students as well as outreach activities with middle school Girl Scouts in Rhode Island, inner city middle and high school age girls in Virginia, and middle school girls in Florida.</p>
<p>The project combines trace metal biogeochemistry, phytoplankton cultivation, and molecular biology to address questions regarding the production of iron-binding compounds and the role of diatom-bacterial interactions in this iron-limited region. Iron is an essential micronutrient for marine phytoplankton. Phytoplankton growth in the SO is limited by a lack of sufficient iron, with important consequences for carbon cycling and climate in this high latitude regime. Some of the major outstanding questions in iron biogeochemistry relate to the organic compounds that bind >99.9% of dissolved iron in surface oceans. The investigators' prior research in this region suggests that production of strong iron-binding compounds in the SO is linked to diatom blooms in waters with high nitrate to iron ratios. The sources of these compounds are unknown but the investigators hypothesize that they may be from bacteria, which are known to produce such compounds for their own use. The project will test three hypotheses concerning the production of these iron-binding compounds, limitations on the biological availability of iron even if present in high concentrations, and the roles of diatom-associated bacteria in these processes. Results from this project will provide fundamental information about the biogeochemical trigger, and biological sources and function, of natural strong iron-binding compound production in the SO, where iron plays a critical role in phytoplankton productivity, carbon cycling, and climate regulation.</p>
Diatom_Bacteria_Ligands
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Southern Ocean
-64.6489
-64.6489
-62.33372
-62.33372
2016-09-11
2016-09-27
Southern Ocean, Western Antarctic Peninsula 60-65 S, 63 W
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Dissolved trace metal concentrations for Incubation 1, initiated September 11th, 2016 on RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782489.rdf
Name: DATE
Units: unitless
Description: GMT date when incubation sample was pulled from the incubation bottle for filtering, in format MM/DD/YY.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782490.rdf
Name: INCUBATION
Units: unitless
Description: Incubation identifier.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782491.rdf
Name: DAY
Units: unitless
Description: Day of incubation when sample was collected. Days start from 0 for the day the incubation was setup.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782492.rdf
Name: ID
Units: unitless
Description: Sample identifier for incubation bottle and treatment that sample was collected from.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782493.rdf
Name: TREATMENT
Units: unitless
Description: Incubation treatment identifier. Treatments A-F were exposed to light, treatments G-L were kept in the dark. Treatments were as follows: A and G = +0, control; B and H = +1 nM 57FeCl3; C and I = +4 nM Fe 57FeCl3; D and J = +10 nM Fe 57FeCl3; E and K = +600 pM Vitamin B12; F and L = +4 nM 57FeCl3 and +600 pM Vitamin B12. The R-A, R-B, R-C, R-D, R-E, and R-F bottles were the same light treatments as A, B, C, D, E, and F, respectively, in replicate R-labeled 4-L incubation bottles. The notation 'NONE' refers to no treatment, used to describe samples collected from the carboys of experimental seawater prior to allocation into 4L incubation bottles and treatment additions.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782494.rdf
Name: BTLNBR
Units: unitless
Description: Incubation bottle number. Each 4-L incubation bottle was assigned a unique number from 1-99 across all shipboard incubations, with the exception of the R bottles, which are noted as “R-” followed by treatment identifier.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782495.rdf
Name: Mn_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved manganese (Mn).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782496.rdf
Name: Mn_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved manganese (Mn). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782497.rdf
Name: Fe_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: Concentration of total dissolved iron (Fe) in a sample (ambient Fe + added 57Fe).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782498.rdf
Name: Fe_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved iron (Fe). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782499.rdf
Name: ADD_57Fe_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: Concentration of added dissolved iron-57 (57Fe). In the treatments where no 57Fe was added, the notation“na”= “no addition” was used.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782500.rdf
Name: ADD_57Fe_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of added dissolved iron-57 (57Fe).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782501.rdf
Name: Co_D_CONC
Units: picomoles per liter (pM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved cobalt (Co).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782502.rdf
Name: Co_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved cobalt (Co). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782503.rdf
Name: Ni_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved nickel (Ni).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782504.rdf
Name: Ni_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved nickel (Ni). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782505.rdf
Name: Cu_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved copper (Cu).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782506.rdf
Name: Cu_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved copper (Cu). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782507.rdf
Name: Zn_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved zinc (Zn).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782508.rdf
Name: Zn_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved zinc (Zn). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782509.rdf
Name: Cd_D_CONC
Units: picomoles per liter (pM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved cadmium (Cd).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782510.rdf
Name: Cd_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved cadmium (Cd). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782511.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC
Units: picomoles per liter (pM)
Description: Concentration of dissolved lead (Pb).
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782512.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved lead (Pb). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
61740
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/46d9c071-4d14-548d-bd5c-b837c104559c/content
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.781759.1
download
onLine
dataset
Methodology:
The following methods are provided from a manuscript currently in preparation (Burns et al. in prep.).
Sample Collection:
Seawater for the incubation was collected in austral spring 2016 aboard the R/V/I/B Nathaniel B. Palmer using a SeaBird GEOTRACES style SBE32 rosette system deployed on a conducting Kevlar line (Cutter and Bruland 2012) with OceanTestEquipment, Inc. X-Niskin samplers modified for trace element sampling.
The collected seawater was homogenized in trace metal clean, Milli-Q (18.2 MΩcm)-conditioned 50-L polypropylene carboys. The seawater from the 50-L carboys was then aliquoted into a series of acid-cleaned (10% hydrochloric acid (HCl), Fisher, Trace Metal Grade (TMG)), Milli-Q conditioned 4-L polycarbonate incubation bottles, which were assigned different treatments. The treatments were carried out in both light and dark conditions. The light bottles were continuously exposed to blue fluorescent light to simulate surface ocean light conditions during austral spring (Hopkinson et al. 2007; Buck et al. 2010). The dark bottles were placed in heavy duty black bags as controls for background heterotrophic bacterial activity and trace metal adsorption to walls. The 4-L bottles were incubated in a temperature-controlled (2 ºC) incubation van onboard for approximately two weeks. All bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling.
Incubation 1 was conducted using offshore waters of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) from station 1 (62º 20.023 S, 64º 38.932 W) collected on September 11, 2016 from at depths of 25-35 m. Six treatments were carried out in the light and dark: +0 unamended offshore control, +1 nM 57FeCl3, +4 nM 57FeCl3, +10 nM 57FeCl3, +600 pM vitamin B12, and +600 pM vitamin B12 with +4 nM 57FeCl3. The stable isotope 57Fe was added in select incubation treatments as a tracer of the Fe amendments. This incubation was carried out for 14 days, from September 13, 2016 to September 27, 2016. The light-exposed treatments were sampled on days 0, 1, 3, 5, 7, 9, 12, and 14. For each light-exposed treatment, three of the nine 4-L incubation bottles were randomly sampled per timepoint to yield three replicates per timepoint. Four replicate bottles were sampled on the final day. Each dark treatment was sampled on days 0, 1, 7, 12, and 14, with only one of the two 4-L incubation bottles sampled per timepoint, except for the final day when both bottles were sampled.
Dissolved Trace Metals:
Samples for dissolved trace metals were filtered through sequential 3 μm and 0.4 µm acid-cleaned PCTE filters on Teflon dual-stage filter rigs (Savillex) connected to a custom-made, trace-metal-clean vacuum filtration system. The dissolved fraction (<0.4 μm) filtrate was collected in acid-cleaned 125-mL low-density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles. Bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling. Samples were acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M HCl, Fisher, Optima) and stored double bagged in buckets at room temperature until analyzed at the University of South Florida.
Extraction and pre-concentration of the dissolved samples was performed using the seaFAST-pico system (Elemental Scientific) offline (Lagerström et al. 2013; Bown et al. 2017; Rapp et al. 2017). The commercially available Nobias-chelate PA1 resin (Sohrin et al. 2008; Sohrin and Bruland 2011; Biller and Bruland 2012) in the seaFAST preconcentration column concurrently extracts the trace metals of interest in this study: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. To sufficiently extract dissolved Co and Cu, ultraviolet (UV) oxidation of the dissolved samples was conducted prior to seaFAST extraction (Achterberg et al. 2001; Milne et al. 2010; Biller and Bruland 2012). To accomplish this, dissolved samples were poured into acid-cleaned Teflon™ 30-mL vials (Savillex) with Teflon™ caps custom-fitted with transparent quartz window, and UV oxidized for 90 minutes at ~20 mW cm-2 in a UVO-Cleaner® (Jelight Model No. 342) after a 30-minute system warm-up.
During the seaFAST extraction process, UV-oxidized samples were buffered to a target pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 (Lagerström et al. 2013). To conserve the buffer reagent, the seaFAST buffer flow rate was adjusted in the submethod from 400-650 to 400-350 sec-μL/min. To make the ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) buffer, a solution of 5.3 M glacial acetic acid (HAc, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) and 2.6 M ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, Fisher, Optima) in Milli-Q was adjusted to pH 7.4 ± 0.2 with small additions of either HAc or NH4OH.
For preconcentration of the extracted trace metals, the seaFAST software method was programmed to take up one 10-mL loop of sample seawater and elute the extracted trace metals with 400 μL of elution acid. The elution acid was 0.74 M triple-distilled nitric acid (HNO3) containing 10 ppb indium (In) and rhodium (Rh) internal standards. The HNO3 was triple-distilled using a Savillex DST-1000 Acid Purification System prior to use. The eluent was eluted into acid-cleaned, 2.0 mL PVDF vials (Elemental Scientific) with TeflonTM caps (Elemental Scientific). A 0.30 M HNO3 (Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) rinse for the seaFAST autosampler probe was used between each sample.
Quality control (QC) checks were included in seaFAST runs. GEOTRACES 2008 GS and SAFe 2004 D2 reference samples were measured to assess accuracy. Additionally, QC seawater samples were run approximately every 15 samples to monitor instrument precision over time. The first QC was offshore seawater from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl. The second QC was from offshore Eastern Pacific Zone seawater, acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl.
Two sets of standard curves were made for these analyses: one set in ACC QC seawater (acidified to 0.024 M with Optima HCl) and a second set in the elution acid (0.74 M triple-distilled HNO3 containing 10 ppb In and Rh). For the mixed metal standard curves, stock solutions were made in 1.49 M Optima (Fisher) HNO3 using 1,000 ppm standards (ULTRA Scientific) of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. For the 57Fe standard curves, stock solutions of 57FeCl3 were prepared from dissolution of 57Fe metal (Isoflex) in Optima HCl, diluted with 0.024 M HCl. Each curve was a minimum of six points and made to cover the concentration ranges of the dissolved trace metals in incubation samples.
The eluents from the seaFAST were analyzed on a Thermo Scientific magnetic sector Element XR High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (HR-ICP-MS). In between each sample, the autosampler probe was rinsed twice in 0.74 M TraceMetalGrade (Fisher) HNO3, to avoid sample carryover. To account for any interference of MoO+ on Cd counts, a three-point Mo calibration curve was made in elution acid and the slope of the Mo counts plotted against Cd counts was used to adjust Cd counts. The 57FeCl3 elution acid curve was used to correct the sample 56Fe counts for any 56Fe added with the 57FeCl3 amendments.
Trace metals were quantified by standard addition from the seawater standard curves. The average counts for each trace metal were normalized to the In internal standard counts per sample, to account for daily drift in ICP-MS measurements. Dissolved trace metal concentrations in each seawater sample were calculated from the seawater calibration curve slope. The In-normalized average trace metal counts were divided by the seawater curve slope to yield the trace metal concentrations in each eluent. Dissolved Fe reported represents the sum of natural dissolved iron in the seawater plus any measurable dissolved 57Fe from the treatment addition.
Air blanks were measured with a minimum of three replicates per seaFAST and Element XR run. For the air blanks, the seaFAST method was run as usual, but taking up air instead of acidified seawater. For the dissolved trace metal concentrations presented here, the average air blank concentrations per seaFAST run were subtracted from the dissolved sample concentrations to account for the procedural blank.
Sample analyses for dissolved trace metals were performed by Shannon Burns (USF); ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-3060.
Quality Flags: The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used (reference all flags at https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/odv_format/). Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in brackets […].
1: Good Value: Good quality data value that is not part of any identified malfunction and has been verified as consistent with real phenomena during the quality control process. [See Table 1 for reference sample data.]
2: Probably Good Value: Data value that is probably consistent with real phenomena but this is unconfirmed or data value forming part of a malfunction that is considered too small to affect the overall quality of the data object of which it is a part. [Not used.]
3: Probably Bad Value: Data value recognized as unusual during quality control that forms part of a feature that is probably inconsistent with real phenomena. [Used when data appeared anomalous.]
4: Bad Value: An obviously erroneous data value. [Not used.]
5: Changed Value: Data value adjusted during quality control. [Not used.]
6: Value Below Detection Limit: The level of the measured phenomenon was too small to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the detection limit for the technique or zero if that value is unknown. [Not used. See Table 1 for detection limits.]
7: Value in Excess: The level of the measured phenomenon was too large to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the measurement limit for the technique. [Not used.]
8: Interpolated Value: This value has been derived by interpolation from other values in the data object. [Not used.]
9: Missing Value: The data value is missing. Any accompanying value will be a magic number representing absent data. [Not used.]
A: Value Phenomenon Uncertain: There is uncertainty in the description of the measured phenomenon associated with the value such as chemical species or biological entity. [Not used.]
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Data were processed using ESI SC version 2.9.0.380 software.<br />
<br />
BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:<br />
* Extracted data submitted in xlsx format as csv file.<br />
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
** Multiple "FLAG" columns renamed to reflect the trace metal concentration they describe&nbsp;e.g. FLAG renamed to<span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;Mn_D_CONC_FLAG columns.&nbsp;</span><br />
* blank values in this dataset are displayed as "nd" for "no data."&nbsp; nd is the default missing data identifier in the BCO-DMO system.<br />
* Date format converted to ISO 8601 date format yyyy-mm-dd</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer
Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
SeaFAST pico
SeaFAST pico
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SeaFAST pico Instrument Name: SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The seaFAST is an automated sample introduction system for analysis of seawater and other high matrix samples for analyses by ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry).
Cruise: NBP1608
NBP1608
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer
vessel
NBP1608
Bethany D. Jenkins
University of Rhode Island
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer
vessel