http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/781773
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2019-11-15
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Dissolved trace metal concentrations from depth profiles during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean from 2016-09-11 to 2016-10-10
2019-11-15
publication
2019-11-15
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2019-12-19
publication
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.781773.1
Kristen Nicolle Buck
University of South Florida
principalInvestigator
Phoebe Dreux Chappell
Old Dominion University
principalInvestigator
Bethany D. Jenkins
University of Rhode Island
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Buck, K., Chappell, P., Jenkins, B. (2019) Dissolved trace metal concentrations from depth profiles during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean from 2016-09-11 to 2016-10-10. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2019-11-15 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.781773.1 [access date]
Dataset Description: <div><span style="font-size:13px">Dissolved trace metal concentrations from depth profiles during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean from 2016-09-11 to 2016-10-10.</span></div>
<div>&nbsp;</div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">Related Datasets:</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">* NBP1608 TMs: Incubation 1 https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/781759</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">* NBP1608 TMs: Incubation 2 https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/781827</span></div>
<div><span style="font-size:13px">* NBP1608 TMs: Incubation 3 https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/781841</span></div> Methods and Sampling: Methodology:
The following methods are provided from a manuscript currently in preparation (Burns et al. in prep.).
Sampling and analytical procedures:
Sample Collection:
Depth profile samples were collected in austral spring 2016 aboard the R/V/I/B Nathaniel B. Palmer using a SeaBird GEOTRACES style SBE32 rosette system deployed on a conducting Kevlar line (Cutter and Bruland 2012) with OceanTestEquipment, Inc. X-Niskin samplers modified for trace element sampling. Samples were filtered by gravity through 0.2 µm Pall AcroPakTM membrane filter capsules and collected in 125 mL low density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles (Nalgene; Fisher Scientific) that had been cleaned first in a soap (3% Citranox, Fisher) bath, rinsed three times with ultrahigh purity water (Milli-Q, >18.2 MΩ cm), soaked in 25% nitric acid (HNO3, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) for at least one month, rinsed three times with ultrahigh purity water and stored filled with ~0.024 M hydrochloric acid (HCl, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade). Bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling. Samples were acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M HCl, Fisher, Optima) and stored double bagged in buckets at room temperature until analyzed at the University of South Florida.
Dissolved Trace Metals:
Extraction and pre-concentration of the dissolved samples was performed using the seaFAST-pico system (Elemental Scientific) offline (Lagerström et al. 2013; Bown et al. 2017; Rapp et al. 2017). The commercially available Nobias-chelate PA1 resin (Sohrin et al. 2008; Sohrin and Bruland 2011; Biller and Bruland 2012) in the seaFAST preconcentration column concurrently extracts the trace metals of interest in this study: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. To sufficiently extract dissolved Co and Cu, ultraviolet (UV) oxidation of the dissolved samples was conducted prior to seaFAST extraction (Achterberg et al. 2001; Milne et al. 2010; Biller and Bruland 2012). To accomplish this, dissolved samples were poured into acid-cleaned Teflon™ 30-mL vials (Savillex) with Teflon™ caps custom-fitted with transparent quartz window, and UV oxidized for 90 minutes at ~20 mW cm-2 in a UVO-Cleaner® (Jelight Model No. 342) after a 30-minute system warm-up.
During the seaFAST extraction process, UV-oxidized samples were buffered to a target pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 (Lagerström et al. 2013). To conserve the buffer reagent, the seaFAST buffer flow rate was adjusted in the submethod from 400-650 to 400-350 sec-μL/min. To make the ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) buffer, a solution of 5.3 M glacial acetic acid (HAc, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) and 2.6 M ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, Fisher, Optima) in Milli-Q was adjusted to pH 7.4 ± 0.2 with small additions of either HAc or NH4OH.
For preconcentration of the extracted trace metals, the seaFAST software method was programmed to take up one 10-mL loop of sample seawater and elute the extracted trace metals with 400 μL of elution acid. The elution acid was 0.74 M triple-distilled nitric acid (HNO3) containing 10 ppb indium (In) and rhodium (Rh) internal standards. The HNO3 was triple-distilled using a Savillex DST-1000 Acid Purification System prior to use. The eluent was eluted into acid-cleaned, 2.0 mL PVDF vials (Elemental Scientific) with TeflonTM caps (Elemental Scientific). A 0.30 M HNO3 (Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) rinse for the seaFAST autosampler probe was used between each sample.
Quality control (QC) checks were included in seaFAST runs. GEOTRACES 2008 GS and SAFe 2004 D2 reference samples were measured to assess accuracy. Additionally, QC seawater samples were run approximately every 15 samples to monitor instrument precision over time. The first QC was offshore seawater from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl. The second QC was from offshore Eastern Pacific Zone seawater, acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl.
Two sets of standard curves were made for these analyses: one set in ACC QC seawater (acidified to 0.024 M with Optima HCl) and a second set in the elution acid (0.74 M triple-distilled HNO3 containing 10 ppb In and Rh). For the mixed metal standard curves, stock solutions were made in 1.49 M Optima (Fisher) HNO3 using 1,000 ppm standards (ULTRA Scientific) of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Each curve was a minimum of six points and made to cover the concentration ranges of the dissolved trace metals in incubation samples.
The eluents from the seaFAST were analyzed on a Thermo Scientific magnetic sector Element XR High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (HR-ICP-MS). In between each sample, the autosampler probe was rinsed twice in 0.74 M TraceMetalGrade (Fisher) HNO3, to avoid sample carryover. To account for any interference of MoO+ on Cd counts, a three-point Mo calibration curve was made in elution acid and the slope of the Mo counts plotted against Cd counts was used to adjust Cd counts.
Trace metals were quantified by standard addition from the seawater standard curves. The average counts for each trace metal were normalized to the In internal standard counts per sample, to account for daily drift in ICP-MS measurements. Dissolved trace metal concentrations in each seawater sample were calculated from the seawater calibration curve slope. The In-normalized average trace metal counts were divided by the seawater standard curve slope to yield the trace metal concentrations in each eluent.
Air blanks were measured with a minimum of three replicates per seaFAST and Element XR run. For the air blanks, the seaFAST method was run as usual, but taking up air instead of acidified seawater. For the dissolved trace metal concentrations presented here, the average air blank concentrations per seaFAST run were subtracted from the dissolved sample concentrations to account for the procedural blank.
Sample analyses for dissolved trace metals were performed by Shannon Burns (USF); ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-3060.
Quality Flags: The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used (reference all flags at https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/odv_format/). Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in brackets […].
1: Good Value: Good quality data value that is not part of any identified malfunction and has been verified as consistent with real phenomena during the quality control process. [See Table 1 for reference sample data.]
2: Probably Good Value: Data value that is probably consistent with real phenomena but this is unconfirmed or data value forming part of a malfunction that is considered too small to affect the overall quality of the data object of which it is a part. [Not used.]
3: Probably Bad Value: Data value recognized as unusual during quality control that forms part of a feature that is probably inconsistent with real phenomena. [Used when data appeared anomalous.]
4: Bad Value: An obviously erroneous data value. [Not used.]
5: Changed Value: Data value adjusted during quality control. [Not used.]
6: Value Below Detection Limit: The level of the measured phenomenon was too small to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the detection limit for the technique or zero if that value is unknown. [Not used. See Table 1 for detection limits.]
7: Value in Excess: The level of the measured phenomenon was too large to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the measurement limit for the technique. [Not used.]
8: Interpolated Value: This value has been derived by interpolation from other values in the data object. [Not used.]
9: Missing Value: The data value is missing. Any accompanying value will be a magic number representing absent data. [Not used.]
A: Value Phenomenon Uncertain: There is uncertainty in the description of the measured phenomenon associated with the value such as chemical species or biological entity. [Not used.]
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1443483 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1443483
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1443474 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1443474
Funding provided by NSF Office of Polar Programs (formerly NSF PLR) (NSF OPP) Award Number: OPP-1443646 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1443646
completed
Kristen Nicolle Buck
University of South Florida
541-737-7401
2651 SW Orchard Avenue CEOAS
Corvallis
OR
97331
USA
kristen.buck@oregonstate.edu
pointOfContact
Phoebe Dreux Chappell
Old Dominion University
USF St. Petersburg campus 140 7th Ave. South
St. Petersburg
FL
33701
USA
dreux@usf.edu
pointOfContact
Bethany D. Jenkins
University of Rhode Island
401-874-7551
Department of Cell and Molecular Biology and Graduate School of Oceanography 279 CBLS, 120 Flagg Road
Kingston
RI
02881
USA
bdjenkins@uri.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
EVTNBR
DATE
GMT
LATITUDE
LONGITUDE
PLATFORM
CASTNBR
STNNBR
BTLNBR
DEPTH
Mn_D_CONC
Mn_D_CONC_FLAG
Fe_D_CONC
Fe_D_CONC_FLAG
Co_D_CONC
Co_D_CONC_FLAG
Ni_D_CONC
Ni_D_CONC_FLAG
Cu_D_CONC
Cu_D_CONC_FLAG
Zn_D_CONC
Zn_D_CONC_FLAG
Cd_D_CONC
Cd_D_CONC_FLAG
Pb_D_CONC
Pb_D_CONC_FLAG
ISO_DateTime_UTC
Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer
SeaFAST pico
theme
None, User defined
event
date
time of day
latitude
longitude
platform
cast
station
bottle
depth
trace metal concentration
quality flag
ISO_DateTime_UTC
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Mass Spectrometer
SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
NBP1608
service
Deployment Activity
Southern Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Investigating Iron-binding Ligands in Southern Ocean Diatom Communities: The Role of Diatom-Bacteria Associations
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/738582
Collaborative Research: Investigating Iron-binding Ligands in Southern Ocean Diatom Communities: The Role of Diatom-Bacteria Associations
<p>This project focuses on an important group of photosynthetic algae in the Southern Ocean (SO), diatoms, and the roles associated bacterial communities play in modulating their growth. Diatom growth fuels the SO food web and balances atmospheric carbon dioxide by sequestering the carbon used for growth to the deep ocean on long time scales as cells sink below the surface. The diatom growth is limited by the available iron in the seawater, most of which is not freely available to the diatoms but instead is tightly bound to other compounds. The nature of these compounds and how phytoplankton acquire iron from them is critical to understanding productivity in this region and globally. The investigators will conduct experiments to characterize the relationship between diatoms, their associated bacteria, and iron in open ocean and inshore waters. Experiments will involve supplying nutrients at varying nutrient ratios to natural phytoplankton assemblages to determine how diatoms and their associated bacteria respond to different conditions. This will provide valuable data that can be used by climate and food web modelers and it will help us better understand the relationship between iron, a key nutrient in the ocean, and the organisms at the base of the food web that use iron for photosynthetic growth and carbon uptake. The project will also further the NSF goals of training new generations of scientists and of making scientific discoveries available to the general public. The project supports early career senior investigators and the training of graduate and undergraduate students as well as outreach activities with middle school Girl Scouts in Rhode Island, inner city middle and high school age girls in Virginia, and middle school girls in Florida.</p>
<p>The project combines trace metal biogeochemistry, phytoplankton cultivation, and molecular biology to address questions regarding the production of iron-binding compounds and the role of diatom-bacterial interactions in this iron-limited region. Iron is an essential micronutrient for marine phytoplankton. Phytoplankton growth in the SO is limited by a lack of sufficient iron, with important consequences for carbon cycling and climate in this high latitude regime. Some of the major outstanding questions in iron biogeochemistry relate to the organic compounds that bind >99.9% of dissolved iron in surface oceans. The investigators' prior research in this region suggests that production of strong iron-binding compounds in the SO is linked to diatom blooms in waters with high nitrate to iron ratios. The sources of these compounds are unknown but the investigators hypothesize that they may be from bacteria, which are known to produce such compounds for their own use. The project will test three hypotheses concerning the production of these iron-binding compounds, limitations on the biological availability of iron even if present in high concentrations, and the roles of diatom-associated bacteria in these processes. Results from this project will provide fundamental information about the biogeochemical trigger, and biological sources and function, of natural strong iron-binding compound production in the SO, where iron plays a critical role in phytoplankton productivity, carbon cycling, and climate regulation.</p>
Diatom_Bacteria_Ligands
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Southern Ocean
-68.158
-56.659
-64.9208
-60.7801
2016-09-11
2016-10-10
Southern Ocean, Western Antarctic Peninsula 60-65 S, 63 W
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Dissolved trace metal concentrations from depth profiles during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP16-08 in the Southern Ocean from 2016-09-11 to 2016-10-10
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782416.rdf
Name: EVTNBR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Event number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782417.rdf
Name: DATE
Units: unitless
Description: <p>GMT date when rosette cast sampling was started, in format MM/DD/YY</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782418.rdf
Name: GMT
Units: unitless
Description: <p>GMT time when rosette cast sampling was started, in format HH:MM</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782419.rdf
Name: LATITUDE
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Position when sampling cast was started in decimal °N</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782420.rdf
Name: LONGITUDE
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Position when sampling cast was started in decimal °E</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782421.rdf
Name: PLATFORM
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Rosette system used. TMC CTD = trace metal CTD rosette</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782422.rdf
Name: CASTNBR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cast number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782423.rdf
Name: STNNBR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782424.rdf
Name: BTLNBR
Units: unitless
Description: <p>CTD rosette bottle number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782425.rdf
Name: DEPTH
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Sample collection depth below sea surface.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782426.rdf
Name: Mn_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved manganese (Mn).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782427.rdf
Name: Mn_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved manganese (Mn). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782428.rdf
Name: Fe_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved iron (Fe).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782429.rdf
Name: Fe_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved iron (Fe). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782430.rdf
Name: Co_D_CONC
Units: picomoles per liter (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved cobalt (Co).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782431.rdf
Name: Co_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved cobalt (Co). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782432.rdf
Name: Ni_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved nickel (Ni).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782433.rdf
Name: Ni_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved nickel (Ni). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782434.rdf
Name: Cu_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved copper (Cu).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782435.rdf
Name: Cu_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved copper (Cu). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782436.rdf
Name: Zn_D_CONC
Units: nanomoles per liter (nM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved zinc (Zn).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782437.rdf
Name: Zn_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved zinc (Zn). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782438.rdf
Name: Cd_D_CONC
Units: picomoles per liter (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved cadmium (Cd).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782439.rdf
Name: Cd_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved cadmium (Cd). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782440.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC
Units: picomoles per liter (pM)
Description: <p>Concentration of dissolved lead (Pb).</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782441.rdf
Name: Pb_D_CONC_FLAG
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for the concentration of dissolved lead (Pb). The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used. Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in the Acquisition Description metadata section.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/782442.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>ISO_DateTime_UTC,Timestamp (UTC) in standard ISO 8601:2004(E) format YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MMZ,unitless,nd,ISO_DateTime_UTC</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
41168
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/25034/8/dataset-781773_nbp1608-tms-stations__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.1575/1912/bco-dmo.781773.1
download
onLine
dataset
Methodology:
The following methods are provided from a manuscript currently in preparation (Burns et al. in prep.).
Sampling and analytical procedures:
Sample Collection:
Depth profile samples were collected in austral spring 2016 aboard the R/V/I/B Nathaniel B. Palmer using a SeaBird GEOTRACES style SBE32 rosette system deployed on a conducting Kevlar line (Cutter and Bruland 2012) with OceanTestEquipment, Inc. X-Niskin samplers modified for trace element sampling. Samples were filtered by gravity through 0.2 µm Pall AcroPakTM membrane filter capsules and collected in 125 mL low density polyethylene (LDPE) bottles (Nalgene; Fisher Scientific) that had been cleaned first in a soap (3% Citranox, Fisher) bath, rinsed three times with ultrahigh purity water (Milli-Q, >18.2 MΩ cm), soaked in 25% nitric acid (HNO3, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) for at least one month, rinsed three times with ultrahigh purity water and stored filled with ~0.024 M hydrochloric acid (HCl, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade). Bottles were rinsed three times with sample seawater prior to filling. Samples were acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M HCl, Fisher, Optima) and stored double bagged in buckets at room temperature until analyzed at the University of South Florida.
Dissolved Trace Metals:
Extraction and pre-concentration of the dissolved samples was performed using the seaFAST-pico system (Elemental Scientific) offline (Lagerström et al. 2013; Bown et al. 2017; Rapp et al. 2017). The commercially available Nobias-chelate PA1 resin (Sohrin et al. 2008; Sohrin and Bruland 2011; Biller and Bruland 2012) in the seaFAST preconcentration column concurrently extracts the trace metals of interest in this study: Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. To sufficiently extract dissolved Co and Cu, ultraviolet (UV) oxidation of the dissolved samples was conducted prior to seaFAST extraction (Achterberg et al. 2001; Milne et al. 2010; Biller and Bruland 2012). To accomplish this, dissolved samples were poured into acid-cleaned Teflon™ 30-mL vials (Savillex) with Teflon™ caps custom-fitted with transparent quartz window, and UV oxidized for 90 minutes at ~20 mW cm-2 in a UVO-Cleaner® (Jelight Model No. 342) after a 30-minute system warm-up.
During the seaFAST extraction process, UV-oxidized samples were buffered to a target pH range of 6.0 to 6.5 (Lagerström et al. 2013). To conserve the buffer reagent, the seaFAST buffer flow rate was adjusted in the submethod from 400-650 to 400-350 sec-μL/min. To make the ammonium acetate (NH4Ac) buffer, a solution of 5.3 M glacial acetic acid (HAc, Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) and 2.6 M ammonium hydroxide (NH4OH, Fisher, Optima) in Milli-Q was adjusted to pH 7.4 ± 0.2 with small additions of either HAc or NH4OH.
For preconcentration of the extracted trace metals, the seaFAST software method was programmed to take up one 10-mL loop of sample seawater and elute the extracted trace metals with 400 μL of elution acid. The elution acid was 0.74 M triple-distilled nitric acid (HNO3) containing 10 ppb indium (In) and rhodium (Rh) internal standards. The HNO3 was triple-distilled using a Savillex DST-1000 Acid Purification System prior to use. The eluent was eluted into acid-cleaned, 2.0 mL PVDF vials (Elemental Scientific) with TeflonTM caps (Elemental Scientific). A 0.30 M HNO3 (Fisher, Trace Metal Grade) rinse for the seaFAST autosampler probe was used between each sample.
Quality control (QC) checks were included in seaFAST runs. GEOTRACES 2008 GS and SAFe 2004 D2 reference samples were measured to assess accuracy. Additionally, QC seawater samples were run approximately every 15 samples to monitor instrument precision over time. The first QC was offshore seawater from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl. The second QC was from offshore Eastern Pacific Zone seawater, acidified to pH 1.8 (0.024 M) with Optima (Fisher) HCl.
Two sets of standard curves were made for these analyses: one set in ACC QC seawater (acidified to 0.024 M with Optima HCl) and a second set in the elution acid (0.74 M triple-distilled HNO3 containing 10 ppb In and Rh). For the mixed metal standard curves, stock solutions were made in 1.49 M Optima (Fisher) HNO3 using 1,000 ppm standards (ULTRA Scientific) of Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, Cd, and Pb. Each curve was a minimum of six points and made to cover the concentration ranges of the dissolved trace metals in incubation samples.
The eluents from the seaFAST were analyzed on a Thermo Scientific magnetic sector Element XR High Resolution Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer (HR-ICP-MS). In between each sample, the autosampler probe was rinsed twice in 0.74 M TraceMetalGrade (Fisher) HNO3, to avoid sample carryover. To account for any interference of MoO+ on Cd counts, a three-point Mo calibration curve was made in elution acid and the slope of the Mo counts plotted against Cd counts was used to adjust Cd counts.
Trace metals were quantified by standard addition from the seawater standard curves. The average counts for each trace metal were normalized to the In internal standard counts per sample, to account for daily drift in ICP-MS measurements. Dissolved trace metal concentrations in each seawater sample were calculated from the seawater calibration curve slope. The In-normalized average trace metal counts were divided by the seawater standard curve slope to yield the trace metal concentrations in each eluent.
Air blanks were measured with a minimum of three replicates per seaFAST and Element XR run. For the air blanks, the seaFAST method was run as usual, but taking up air instead of acidified seawater. For the dissolved trace metal concentrations presented here, the average air blank concentrations per seaFAST run were subtracted from the dissolved sample concentrations to account for the procedural blank.
Sample analyses for dissolved trace metals were performed by Shannon Burns (USF); ORCID ID: https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1569-3060.
Quality Flags: The standard Ocean Data View qualifying flags were used (reference all flags at https://www.bodc.ac.uk/data/codes_and_formats/odv_format/). Additional notes specific to the application of these flags to this project are noted in brackets […].
1: Good Value: Good quality data value that is not part of any identified malfunction and has been verified as consistent with real phenomena during the quality control process. [See Table 1 for reference sample data.]
2: Probably Good Value: Data value that is probably consistent with real phenomena but this is unconfirmed or data value forming part of a malfunction that is considered too small to affect the overall quality of the data object of which it is a part. [Not used.]
3: Probably Bad Value: Data value recognized as unusual during quality control that forms part of a feature that is probably inconsistent with real phenomena. [Used when data appeared anomalous.]
4: Bad Value: An obviously erroneous data value. [Not used.]
5: Changed Value: Data value adjusted during quality control. [Not used.]
6: Value Below Detection Limit: The level of the measured phenomenon was too small to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the detection limit for the technique or zero if that value is unknown. [Not used. See Table 1 for detection limits.]
7: Value in Excess: The level of the measured phenomenon was too large to be quantified by the technique employed to measure it. The accompanying value is the measurement limit for the technique. [Not used.]
8: Interpolated Value: This value has been derived by interpolation from other values in the data object. [Not used.]
9: Missing Value: The data value is missing. Any accompanying value will be a magic number representing absent data. [Not used.]
A: Value Phenomenon Uncertain: There is uncertainty in the description of the measured phenomenon associated with the value such as chemical species or biological entity. [Not used.]
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Data were processed using ESI SC version 2.9.0.380 software.<br />
<br />
BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:<br />
* Extracted data submitted in xlsx format as csv file.<br />
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
** Multiple "FLAG" columns renamed to reflect the trace metal concentration they describe&nbsp;e.g. FLAG renamed to<span style="color:rgb(0, 0, 0)">&nbsp;Mn_D_CONC_FLAG columns.&nbsp;</span><br />
* blank values in this dataset are displayed as "nd" for "no data."&nbsp; nd is the default missing data identifier in the BCO-DMO system.<br />
* Date format converted to ISO 8601 date format yyyy-mm-dd<br />
* Added ISO_DateTime_UTC column in format ISO 8601 yyyy-mm-ddTHH:MMZ from columns "Date" and "GMT"<br />
* Latitude and longitude rounded to 4 decimal places</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer
Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Element XR Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrophotometer Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
SeaFAST pico
SeaFAST pico
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SeaFAST pico Instrument Name: SeaFAST Automated Preconcentration System Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The seaFAST is an automated sample introduction system for analysis of seawater and other high matrix samples for analyses by ICPMS (Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry).
Cruise: NBP1608
NBP1608
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer
vessel
NBP1608
Bethany D. Jenkins
University of Rhode Island
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer
vessel