Sediment pore water and solid phase geochemical analyses from samples collected on R/V Savannah cruise SAV-16-16 at the Cape Lookout Continental Shelf and Slope during May 2016

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/806065
Data Type: Cruise Results
Version: 1
Version Date: 2020-03-17

Project
» Source, Composition, and Stability of Soluble Iron Fluxing from Continental Margin Sediments (Soluble Fe Fluxing)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
Taillefert, MartialGeorgia Institute of Technology (GA Tech)Principal Investigator
Rauch, ShannonWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager

Abstract
Sediment pore water and solid phase geochemical analyses from samples collected on R/V Savannah cruise SAV-16-16 at the Cape Lookout Continental Shelf and Slope during May 2016.


Coverage

Spatial Extent: N:34.635 E:-75.799 S:33.869 W:-76.605
Temporal Extent: 2016-05-17 - 2016-05-26

Methods & Sampling

Sediment cores were obtained by a MC-800 multi-corer and profiled immediately with voltammetric Hg/Au microelectrodes deployed on a computer-controlled micromanipulator (Beckler et al., 2016). Sediment pore waters were then extracted from the same core and either preserved until analysis or analyzed immediately onboard ship. Sampling and analyses were conducted immediately after sediment collection to minimize artifacts from exposure to the atmosphere.

After profiling, sediments were immediately sliced under N₂ atmosphere and pore waters extracted by centrifugation at 3000 rpm under N₂ atmosphere. Finally, pore waters were immediately filtered (0.2 µM PSE Puradisc syringe filters, Whatman) under N₂ atmosphere and either preserved at -20C until analysis (SO₄²⁻), dispensed directly into reagents for analysis (SPO₄³⁻), or analyzed immediately (DIC). SO₄²⁻ was measured by non-suppressed HPLC with UV detection (Beckler et al., 2014). SPO₄³⁻ was measured spectrophotometrically using the molybdate-blue method after natural color correction to avoid interferences from dissolved silica and sulfides (Murphy and Riley, 1962). Finally, DIC was measured by flow injection analysis with conductivity detection after spiking samples with 10 mM ZnCl₂ to prevent dissolved sulfide interferences (Hall and Aller, 1992). All errors reported for the electrochemical measurements represent the standard deviation of at least triplicate measurements. Errors of all other parameters represent the analytical error propagated from calibration curves, dilution, and instrumental drift

Problem report: Some of the data are missing because pore water volumes were too low to make all the measurements.


Data Processing Description

Chromatographic data were processed using Voltint (Bristow and Taillefert, 2008), a MatlabTM-based software developed for these applications. Spectrophotometric measurements were processed manually.

BCO-DMO Processing:
- added date column using original year, month, and day columns.


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Data Files

File
porewater_SAV16-16.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 16.45 KB)
MD5:cb1cb2ddd0cfcb2b74d659359ca4d970
Primary data file for dataset ID 806065

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Related Publications

Beckler, J. S., Kiriazis, N., Rabouille, C., Stewart, F. J., & Taillefert, M. (2016). Importance of microbial iron reduction in deep sediments of river-dominated continental-margins. Marine Chemistry, 178, 22–34. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2015.12.003
Methods
Beckler, J. S., Nuzzio, D. B., & Taillefert, M. (2014). Development of single-step liquid chromatography methods with ultraviolet detection for the measurement of inorganic anions in marine waters. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 12(8), 563–576. doi:10.4319/lom.2014.12.563
Methods
Bristow, G., & Taillefert, M. (2008). VOLTINT: A Matlab®-based program for semi-automated processing of geochemical data acquired by voltammetry. Computers & Geosciences, 34(2), 153–162. doi:10.1016/j.cageo.2007.01.005
Methods
Eitel, E. M., Owings, S. M., Belli, K. M., Beckler, J. S., Williams, A., Fields, B. P., … Taillefert, M. (2020). Variations in sediment production of dissolved iron across a continental margin not dominated by major upwelling or riverine inputs. Marine Chemistry, 220, 103750. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2020.103750
Results
Hall, P. . J., & Aller, R. C. (1992). Rapid, small-volume, flow injection analysis for total CO2, and NH4+ in marine and freshwaters. Limnology and Oceanography, 37(5), 1113–1119. doi:10.4319/lo.1992.37.5.1113
Methods
Murphy, J., & Riley, J. P. (1962). A modified single solution method for the determination of phosphate in natural waters. Analytica Chimica Acta, 27, 31–36. doi:10.1016/s0003-2670(00)88444-5 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0003-2670(00)88444-5
Methods

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
YearYear unitless
MonthMonth unitless
DayDay unitless
Collection_TypeInstrument used for collection unitless
StationStation number unitless
LonLongitude decimal degrees East
LatLatitude decimal degrees North
sample_IDSample ID number unitless
Sediment_depthSediment depth centimeters (cm)
SO4Sulfate millimolar (mM)
sdSO4Standard deviation of SO4 millimolar (mM)
PO4Dissolved orthophosphate micromolar (uM)
sdPO4Standard deviation of PO4 micromolar (uM)
DICDissolved inorganic carbon millimolar (mM)
sdDICStandard deviation of DIC millimolar (mM)
dateDate; format: yyyy-mm-dd unitless


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Instruments

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
HPLC
Generic Instrument Name
High-Performance Liquid Chromatograph
Dataset-specific Description
SO₄²⁻ was measured by non-suppressed HPLC with UV detection
Generic Instrument Description
A High-performance liquid chromatograph (HPLC) is a type of liquid chromatography used to separate compounds that are dissolved in solution. HPLC instruments consist of a reservoir of the mobile phase, a pump, an injector, a separation column, and a detector. Compounds are separated by high pressure pumping of the sample mixture onto a column packed with microspheres coated with the stationary phase. The different components in the mixture pass through the column at different rates due to differences in their partitioning behavior between the mobile liquid phase and the stationary phase.

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
MC-800 multi-corer
Generic Instrument Name
Multi Corer
Dataset-specific Description
Sediment cores were obtained by a MC-800 multi-corer.
Generic Instrument Description
The Multi Corer is a benthic coring device used to collect multiple, simultaneous, undisturbed sediment/water samples from the seafloor. Multiple coring tubes with varying sampling capacity depending on tube dimensions are mounted in a frame designed to sample the deep ocean seafloor. For more information, see Barnett et al. (1984) in Oceanologica Acta, 7, pp. 399-408.

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Flow Injection Analysis
Generic Instrument Name
Flow Injection Analyzer
Dataset-specific Description
Flow Injection Analysis with peristaltic pump (Gilson), conductivity detector (Fisher Scientific), and integrator with LC-100 software (Analytical Systems, Inc.)
Generic Instrument Description
An instrument that performs flow injection analysis. Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an approach to chemical analysis that is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. FIA is an automated method in which a sample is injected into a continuous flow of a carrier solution that mixes with other continuously flowing solutions before reaching a detector. Precision is dramatically increased when FIA is used instead of manual injections and as a result very specific FIA systems have been developed for a wide array of analytical techniques.

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
Spectrophotometer Thermofisher
Generic Instrument Name
Spectrophotometer
Dataset-specific Description
PO₄³⁻ was measured spectrophotometrically
Generic Instrument Description
An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples.


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Deployments

SAV-16-16

Website
Platform
R/V Savannah
Start Date
2016-05-15
End Date
2016-05-30
Description
More infomration from the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/SAV-16-16


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Project Information

Source, Composition, and Stability of Soluble Iron Fluxing from Continental Margin Sediments (Soluble Fe Fluxing)

Coverage: Northern South Atlantic Bight (Cape Lookout, NC) and Northern Gulf of Mexico


NSF Award Abstract:
Iron is a limiting nutrient in the world's oceans and plays a key role in regulating the growth of phytoplankton. The main sources of iron to the open ocean are the atmosphere, through wind-blown terrestrial dust, and the seafloor, through input from continental shelf sediments. While atmospheric inputs have been well-studied, the oceanic input of iron from sediments has only sparsely been measured and, as a result, the relative importance of the sediment-derived iron to the iron pool and, ultimately, primary productivity in the oceans is poorly understood. In this study, researchers will examine the chemical properties of sediment-derived iron in the oceans to assess its contribution to the iron used by phytoplankton. Results from this study will further our understanding of iron inputs to the ocean and their importance to ocean primary productivity. The project will contribute to the training of graduate students, as well as provide educational opportunities such as a day at sea for undergraduate students in engineering and physical science.

The atmosphere and continental margin sediments are the main source of the limiting nutrient iron (Fe) to the open ocean. Yet, the chemical form of iron from sediments has not been well examined and only quantified as reduced iron or the dissolved iron passing through 0.45 µm filters. The kinetics of iron oxygenation suggests it should precipitate rapidly in the overlying waters, challenging the view that sediments are important sources of iron for primary production. To establish whether the flux of iron from sediments has important implications for primary productivity, possibly rivaling atmospheric inputs, it is necessary to demonstrate that ferric iron originating in sediments is under the form of stable iron species with potential for a high residence time in the water column. The overall objective of this project is to test the hypotheses that iron fluxing across the sediment-water interface in continental margin sediments is dissolved under the form of organic-Fe(III) complexes and that the magnitude of the iron flux is influenced by the redox conditions in the overlying waters, the composition of the complexes, and the biogeochemical processes in the underlying sediments. To test these hypotheses, the flux and speciation of dissolved Fe(III) will be quantified in the sediments of the Carolina depocenter and the Gulf of Mexico, and the biogeochemical processes regulating the production and the flux of iron as a function of the redox regime of the environment will be determined using in situ measurements and state-of-the-art voltammetric and chromatographic techniques.



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)

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