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            <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/819932.rdf" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Use of a diatom inhibitor reveals contribution to seagrass ecosystem in experiments conducted using seagrass cores from 1m depth in Grand Bay in 2017.</gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Krause, J. (2020) Use of a diatom inhibitor reveals contribution to seagrass ecosystem in experiments conducted using seagrass cores from 1m depth in Grand Bay in 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2020-08-10 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.819932.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Three repeated experimental trials were done in summer months. Thirty-two cores (27 cm diameter, 14 cm depth) were collected from 50 m2 area of seagrass bed at 1 m depth on: June 28, July 12 and July 26, 2017 for trials 1-3, respectively. On each date, 16 cores were collected from seagrass habitat in pairs. Another 16 cores were collected from open sediment (OS) habitat. Extracted, paired cores were placed upright into an open-top plastic tub (49 x 33 x 42 cm) to produce eight tubs of each habitat.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Tubs were transported to Dauphin Island Sea Lab (~30-minute drive) filled with seawater (to core depth of 16 cm) pumped from Mobile Bay (20 km, east of site) and arranged in four blocks within an outdoor mesocosm. Each block contained two tubs of each habitat. After two days, a diatom-specific inhibitor (3 µM solution of germanic acid, i.e. Ge treatment) was randomly added to water, i.e. two tubs per block, one of each habitat type. Germanium (Ge) at high Ge/Si ratios (&amp;amp;gt; 0.01) prevents formation of siliceous cell wall (Azam and Chisholm 1976). We added 3 µM solution and allowed two days for Ge incorporation.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Metabolism measurements:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Two days after, we quantified productivity and respiration from changes in oxygen content within 2-3 hour incubations of chambers and bottles following methods in Anton et al. (2009). Oxygen content was measured with a meter (HQ30d, Hach, Loveland, Colorado, USA) and, this was initial oxygen content for both chamber and bottle incubation. After incubation, we measured final oxygen content in bottles and chambers.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To compare rates between treatments, net community production (NCP) and respiration were assessed in mg O2 m–2 h–1 and mg O2 L-1 h-1 for benthic and water-column (WC) communities, respectively. Equations were:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;WC NCP = (Fcb – Icb) t-1 (1)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;WC respiration = (Fdb – Idb) t-1 (2)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Benthic NCP = [(Fcc – Icc) – (Fcb – Icb)] V t-1 A-1 (3)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Benthic respiration = [(Fdc – Idc) – (Fdb – Idb)] V t-1 A-1 (4)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;where capital letters are for initial (I) or final (F) oxygen content (mg L-1) for clear (c) and dark (d) incubations (first letter in subscript) in chambers (c) or bottles (b) (second letter in subscript); t is incubation time (h), V is volume (L) and A is area (m2) of chamber. Gross primary productivity (GPP) was calculated as sum between NCP and absolute respiration for each tub.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To compare GPP between communities, control values were expressed in mg O2 m-2 h-1 after WC metrics of NCP and respiration were integrated over a 1 m depth (x 1000 L). System GPP was obtained by summing WC and benthic GPP.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Environmental measurements:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Salinity and temperature were measured at time of oxygen measurements using the same meter. Surface photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (from environmental station 30°15.075' N, -88°04.670' E Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA; http://arcos.disl.org) was averaged over incubation duration and integrated over a 48 hour-period prior to incubations (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). 48 hours reflects a short-term measure of light history.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Statistical analyses:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A series of two-way ANOVAs with trial and treatment as fixed factors were used to test for differences in producer biomass in both habitats and were used to test for differences in rates with and without diatom metabolism. Differences in rates were attributed to diatom metabolism and percent contribution to GPP was calculated based off mean GPP for each trial (n=4) with Ge rate as a proportion of control rate, expressed as a change from 100%.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/award/712666.rdf" xlink:title="OCE-1558957" xlink:actuate="onRequest">Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1558957 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1558957</gmx:Anchor>
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The Louisiana Shelf system in the northern Gulf of Mexico is fed by the Mississippi River and its many tributaries which contribute large quantities of nutrients from agricultural fertilizer to the region. Input of these nutrients, especially nitrogen, has led to eutrophication. Eutrophication is the process wherein a body of water such as the Louisiana Shelf becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients that increase phytoplankton growth which eventually leads to decreased oxygen levels in bottom waters. This has certainly been observed in this area, and diatoms, a phytoplankton which represents the base of the food chain, have shown variable silicon/nitrogen (Si/N) ratios. Because diatoms create their shells from silicon, their growth is controlled not only by nitrogen inputs but the availability of silicon. Lower Si/N ratios are showing that silicon may be playing an increasingly important role in regulating diatom production in the system. For this reason, a scientist from the University of South Alabama will determine the biogeochemical processes controlling changes in Si/N ratios in the Louisiana Shelf system. One graduate student on their way to a doctorate degree and three undergraduate students will be supported and trained as part of this project. Also, four scholarships for low-income, high school students from Title 1 schools will get to participate in a month-long summer Marine Science course at the Dauphin Island Sea Laboratory and be included in the research project. The study has significant societal benefits given this is an area where $2.4 trillion gross domestic product revenue is tied up in coastal resources. Since diatoms are at the base of the food chain that is the biotic control on said coastal resources, the growth of diatoms in response to eutrophication is important to study.&lt;/p&gt;
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            http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820303.rdf
	Name: Sample_Code
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;code used to identify samples&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820304.rdf
	Name: Collection_Date
	Units: yyyy-mm-dd
	Description: &lt;p&gt;date the core of seagrass habitat or sediment habitat was collected&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820305.rdf
	Name: Ge_Addition_Date
	Units: yyyy-mm-dd
	Description: &lt;p&gt;date Ge was added&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820306.rdf
	Name: Experimental_Trial_Date
	Units: yyyy-mm-dd
	Description: &lt;p&gt;date the incubation trial was done&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820307.rdf
	Name: Trial_Number
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;the number of repeated trials  (1-3) that was done&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820308.rdf
	Name: Paired_core_number
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;number 1-8 for cores placed in A-D locations (or block) within the outside mesocosm&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820309.rdf
	Name: Block_A_to_D
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;the block the core was placed in&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820310.rdf
	Name: Ge_Control_treatment
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;identifies whether Ge was added or whether it was a control&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820311.rdf
	Name: Seagrass_Sediment_habitat
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;identifies whether the core was from seagrass or sediment habitat&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820312.rdf
	Name: Light_Dark_Incubation
	Units: unitless
	Description: &lt;p&gt;identifies whether the core was incubated in a clear or dark container&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820313.rdf
	Name: Seagrass_Above_Ground_Biomass
	Units: g dw
	Description: &lt;p&gt;the dry weight of the above-ground seagrass in the core&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820314.rdf
	Name: Seagrass_Below_Ground_Biomass
	Units: g dw
	Description: &lt;p&gt;the dry weight of the below-ground seagrass in the core&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820315.rdf
	Name: Sediment_Chlorophyll
	Units: mg/m2
	Description: &lt;p&gt;chlorophyll concentration in the sediment&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820316.rdf
	Name: Water_Column_Chlorophyll
	Units: ug/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;chlorophyll concentration in the water&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820317.rdf
	Name: Salinity
	Units: psu
	Description: &lt;p&gt;salinity of the sample at the start of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820318.rdf
	Name: Start_Time
	Units: hh:mm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;start time of the incubation; logged in CST timezone&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820319.rdf
	Name: Temp
	Units: degrees Celcius
	Description: &lt;p&gt;temperature of the water at the start of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820320.rdf
	Name: O2_start
	Units: mg/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;oxygen content at the start of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820321.rdf
	Name: O2_saturation
	Units: %
	Description: &lt;p&gt;oxygen content at the start of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820322.rdf
	Name: Salinity_2
	Units: psu
	Description: &lt;p&gt;salinity of the water column within jars at the end of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820323.rdf
	Name: JARS_End_Time
	Units: hh:mm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;time at the end of the incubation of the water column; logged in CST timezone&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820324.rdf
	Name: Temp_2
	Units: degrees Celcius
	Description: &lt;p&gt;temperature of the water column within jars at the end of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820325.rdf
	Name: O2_end_jars
	Units: mg/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;oxygen content at the end of the incubation within jars which enclosed the water column&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820326.rdf
	Name: O2_saturation_2
	Units: %
	Description: &lt;p&gt;oxygen content at the end of the incubation within jars which enclosed the water column&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820327.rdf
	Name: End_Time_jars_minus_Start_Time
	Units: hh:mm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;length of the incubation of the water column in jars&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820328.rdf
	Name: Decimal_Time
	Units: hours
	Description: &lt;p&gt;length of the incubation in decimal time of the water column in jars&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820329.rdf
	Name: Water_Column_NCP_and_respiration_Rates
	Units: mg L m2 hr-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;net community production or respiration rates of the water column enclosed in jars&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820330.rdf
	Name: Water_Column_NCP_and_respiration_Rates_1m
	Units: mg L m2 hr-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;net community production or respiration rates of the water column enclosed in jars over 1 m depth&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820331.rdf
	Name: Water_Column_Gross_Primary_Production
	Units: mg L m2 hr-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;gross primary production of the water column enclosed in jars&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820332.rdf
	Name: Salinity_3
	Units: psu
	Description: &lt;p&gt;salinity of the water within the benthic chambers at the end of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820333.rdf
	Name: Chambers_End_Time
	Units: hh:mm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;the time at the end of the incubation of the benthic chambers; logged in CST timezone&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820334.rdf
	Name: Temp_3
	Units: degrees Celcius
	Description: &lt;p&gt;temperature of the water within the benthic chambers at the end of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820335.rdf
	Name: O2_end_chambers
	Units: mg/L
	Description: &lt;p&gt;oxygen content within the benthic chambers at the end of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820336.rdf
	Name: O2_saturation_3
	Units: %
	Description: &lt;p&gt;oxygen content within the benthic chambers at the end of the incubation&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820337.rdf
	Name: End_Time_chambers__minus_Start_Time
	Units: hh:mm
	Description: &lt;p&gt;duration of the incubation of benthic community&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820338.rdf
	Name: Decimal_Time_2
	Units: hours
	Description: &lt;p&gt;duration of the incubation of benthic community in decimal time&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820339.rdf
	Name: NCP_and_Respiration_Benthic_Rates
	Units: mg L m2 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;net community production or respiration rates of the benthic community&lt;/p&gt; 
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/820340.rdf
	Name: Benthic_Gross_Primary_Production
	Units: mg L m2 h-1
	Description: &lt;p&gt;gross primary production of the benthic community enclosed in chambers&lt;/p&gt; 
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Three repeated experimental trials were done in summer months. Thirty-two cores (27 cm diameter, 14 cm depth) were collected from 50 m2 area of seagrass bed at 1 m depth on: June 28, July 12 and July 26, 2017 for trials 1-3, respectively. On each date, 16 cores were collected from seagrass habitat in pairs. Another 16 cores were collected from open sediment (OS) habitat. Extracted, paired cores were placed upright into an open-top plastic tub (49 x 33 x 42 cm) to produce eight tubs of each habitat.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Tubs were transported to Dauphin Island Sea Lab (~30-minute drive) filled with seawater (to core depth of 16 cm) pumped from Mobile Bay (20 km, east of site) and arranged in four blocks within an outdoor mesocosm. Each block contained two tubs of each habitat. After two days, a diatom-specific inhibitor (3 µM solution of germanic acid, i.e. Ge treatment) was randomly added to water, i.e. two tubs per block, one of each habitat type. Germanium (Ge) at high Ge/Si ratios (&amp;amp;gt; 0.01) prevents formation of siliceous cell wall (Azam and Chisholm 1976). We added 3 µM solution and allowed two days for Ge incorporation.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Metabolism measurements:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Two days after, we quantified productivity and respiration from changes in oxygen content within 2-3 hour incubations of chambers and bottles following methods in Anton et al. (2009). Oxygen content was measured with a meter (HQ30d, Hach, Loveland, Colorado, USA) and, this was initial oxygen content for both chamber and bottle incubation. After incubation, we measured final oxygen content in bottles and chambers.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To compare rates between treatments, net community production (NCP) and respiration were assessed in mg O2 m–2 h–1 and mg O2 L-1 h-1 for benthic and water-column (WC) communities, respectively. Equations were:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;WC NCP = (Fcb – Icb) t-1 (1)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;WC respiration = (Fdb – Idb) t-1 (2)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Benthic NCP = [(Fcc – Icc) – (Fcb – Icb)] V t-1 A-1 (3)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Benthic respiration = [(Fdc – Idc) – (Fdb – Idb)] V t-1 A-1 (4)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;where capital letters are for initial (I) or final (F) oxygen content (mg L-1) for clear (c) and dark (d) incubations (first letter in subscript) in chambers (c) or bottles (b) (second letter in subscript); t is incubation time (h), V is volume (L) and A is area (m2) of chamber. Gross primary productivity (GPP) was calculated as sum between NCP and absolute respiration for each tub.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;To compare GPP between communities, control values were expressed in mg O2 m-2 h-1 after WC metrics of NCP and respiration were integrated over a 1 m depth (x 1000 L). System GPP was obtained by summing WC and benthic GPP.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Environmental measurements:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Salinity and temperature were measured at time of oxygen measurements using the same meter. Surface photosynthetic active radiation (PAR) (from environmental station 30°15.075' N, -88°04.670' E Dauphin Island, Alabama, USA; http://arcos.disl.org) was averaged over incubation duration and integrated over a 48 hour-period prior to incubations (Photosynthetic Photon Flux Density, PPFD). 48 hours reflects a short-term measure of light history.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Statistical analyses:&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;A series of two-way ANOVAs with trial and treatment as fixed factors were used to test for differences in producer biomass in both habitats and were used to test for differences in rates with and without diatom metabolism. Differences in rates were attributed to diatom metabolism and percent contribution to GPP was calculated based off mean GPP for each trial (n=4) with Ge rate as a proportion of control rate, expressed as a change from 100%.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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                <gco:CharacterString>&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Excel, Sigma Plot&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* blank values in this dataset are displayed as &amp;quot;nd&amp;quot; for &amp;quot;no data.&amp;quot;&amp;amp;nbsp; nd is the default missing data identifier in the BCO-DMO system. Added ND as a missing data identifier.&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* removed all spaces in headers and replaced with underscores&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* removed all units from headers&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* converted dates to ISO Format yyyy-mm-dd&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
* set Types for each data column&amp;amp;nbsp;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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