| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Keister, Julie E. | University of Washington (UW) | Principal Investigator, Contact |
| Grunbaum, Daniel | University of Washington (UW) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
CTD profiles of temperature, oxygen, salinity, density, fluorescence, PAR, and pH collected in Hood Canal on cruises CB1072, CB1077, and RC008 during 2017 and 2018.
CTD data were collected from near surface to 5-10 m off the seafloor. Winkler titrations were used to calculate a calibration for oxygen data (equation provided, but not applied to this dataset).
CTD data from near surface to 5-10 m off the seafloor were processed using Sea Bird software to create 1-m data bins. Oxygen was aligned. Dates and times are in local time, PDT.
Based on modified Winkler titrations, the formula y = 0.9144x + 0.1975 can be applied to the CTD data to calibrate the "Oxygen, SBE 43 (mg/l)" for the 2017 cruises. The formula y = 0.9698x + 0.0691 can be applied for the 2018 cruises.
BCO-DMO Processing:
- concatenated data from separate cruises into one dataset;
- renamed fields.
| File |
|---|
CTD.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 485.90 KB) MD5:adb2d7077fe2d58941d27c72b330d4de Primary data file for dataset ID 826281 |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| year_month | Year and month (UTC) of cruise | unitless |
| cruise | Cruise identifier | unitless |
| file_name | Original file name | unitless |
| Density | Density | kilograms per cubic meter (Kg/m^3) |
| Depth | Depth (salt water) | meters (m) |
| Fluorescence | Fluorescence, WET Labs ECO-AFL/FL | milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m^3) |
| Latitude | Latitude | degrees North |
| Longitude | Longitude | degrees East |
| Oxygen_raw | Oxygen raw, SBE 43 | volts (V) |
| Oxygen_SBE_43 | Oxygen, SBE 43 | milligrams per liter (mg/l) |
| Oxygen_saturation_Garcia_Gordon | Oxygen saturation, Garcia & Gordon | milligrams per liter (mg/l) |
| Oxygen_saturation_Weiss | Oxygen saturation, Weiss | milligrams per liter (mg/l) |
| PAR_Irradiance | PAR/ Irradiance, Biospherical/Licor | micromoles photons per square meter per second (umol photons/m^2/s^1) |
| pH | pH | unitless |
| Salinity_Practical | Salinity, Practical | PSU |
| Sound_Velocity_Delgrosso | Sound Velocity (Delgrosso) | meters per second (m/s) |
| Temperature | Temperature (ITS-9) | degrees Celsius |
| Voltage_0 | Voltage 0 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_1 | Voltage 1 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_2 | Voltage 2 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_3 | Voltage 3 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_4 | Voltage 4 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_5 | Voltage 5 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_6 | Voltage 6 | volts (V) |
| Voltage_7 | Voltage 7 | volts (V) |
| Descent_Rate | Descent Rate | meters per second (m/s) |
| Pressure_Temperature | Pressure Temperature | degrees Celsius |
| Pressure_db | Pressure, Digiquartz | decibars (db) |
| Pressure_psi | Pressure, Digiquartz | psi |
| Sound_Velocity_Chen_Millero | Sound Velocity (Chen-Millero) | meters per second (m/s) |
| Sound_Velocity_Wilson | Sound Velocity (Wilson) | meters per second (m/s) |
| Average_Sound_Velocity_Delgrosso | Average Sound Velocity (Delgrosso) | meters per second (m/s) |
| Oxygen_SBE_43_Aligned | Oxygen, SBE 43, offset corrected | milligrams per liter (mg/l) |
| Flag | flag | unitless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Sea-Bird SBE9 CTD |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird 9 |
| Dataset-specific Description | Sea-Bird SBE9 CTD profiler equipped with a pH sensor (SBE 18), oxygen sensor (SBE 43), fluorometer (WETLabs ECO-AFL), and Niskin bottles. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 9 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 9 is the Underwater Unit and is most often combined with the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) when deployed from a research vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorometer, altimeter, etc.). Note that in most cases, it is more accurate to specify SBE 911 than SBE 9 since it is likely a SBE 11 deck unit was used. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | SBE 18 |
| Generic Instrument Name | pH Sensor |
| Dataset-specific Description | Sea-Bird SBE9 CTD profiler equipped with a pH sensor (SBE 18), oxygen sensor (SBE 43), fluorometer (WETLabs ECO-AFL), and Niskin bottles. |
| Generic Instrument Description | An instrument that measures the hydrogen ion activity in solutions.
The overall concentration of hydrogen ions is inversely related to its pH. The pH scale ranges from 0 to 14 and indicates whether acidic (more H+) or basic (less H+). |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | SBE 43 |
| Generic Instrument Name | Sea-Bird SBE 43 Dissolved Oxygen Sensor |
| Dataset-specific Description | Sea-Bird SBE9 CTD profiler equipped with a pH sensor (SBE 18), oxygen sensor (SBE 43), fluorometer (WETLabs ECO-AFL), and Niskin bottles. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 43 dissolved oxygen sensor is a redesign of the Clark polarographic membrane type of dissolved oxygen sensors. more information from Sea-Bird Electronics |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | WETLabs ECO-AFL |
| Generic Instrument Name | Wet Labs ECO-AFL/FL Fluorometer |
| Dataset-specific Description | Sea-Bird SBE9 CTD profiler equipped with a pH sensor (SBE 18), oxygen sensor (SBE 43), fluorometer (WETLabs ECO-AFL), and Niskin bottles. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Environmental Characterization Optics (ECO) series of single channel fluorometers delivers both high resolution and wide ranges across the entire line of parameters using 14 bit digital processing. The ECO series excels in biological monitoring and dye trace studies. The potted optics block results in long term stability of the instrument and the optional anti-biofouling technology delivers truly long term field measurements.
more information from Wet Labs |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Clifford A. Barnes |
| Start Date | 2017-08-15 |
| End Date | 2017-08-22 |
| Description | Cruise plan: August_cruise_plan.pdf |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Clifford A. Barnes |
| Start Date | 2017-06-13 |
| End Date | 2017-06-20 |
| Description | Cruise Plan: June_cruise_plan.pdf |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Rachel Carson |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2018-09-18 |
| End Date | 2018-09-26 |
NSF Award Abstract:
Low oxygen (hypoxia) and low pH are known to have profound physiological effects on zooplankton, the microscopic animals of the sea. It is likely that many individual zooplankton change vertical mirgration behaviors to reduce or avoid these stresses. However, avoidance responses and their consequences for zooplankton distributions, and for interactions of zooplankton with their predators and prey, are poorly understood. This study will provide information on small-scale behavioral responses of zooplankton to oxygen and pH using video systems deployed in the field in a seasonally hypoxic estuary. The results will deepen our understanding of how zooplankton respond to low oxygen and pH conditions in ways that could profoundly affect marine ecosystems and fisheries through changes in their populations and distributions. This project will train graduate students and will engage K-12 students and teachers in under-served coastal communities by developing ocean technology-based citizen-scientist activities and curricular materials in plankton ecology, ocean change, construction and use of biological sensors, and quantitative analysis of environmental data.
Individual directional motility is a primary mechanism underlying spatio-temporal patterns in zooplankton population distributions. Motility is used by most zooplankton species to select among water column positions that differ in biotic and abiotic variables such as prey, predators, light, oxygen concentration, and pH. Species-specific movement responses to de-oxygenation and acidification are likely mechanisms through which short-term, localized impacts of these stressful conditions on individual zooplankton will be magnified or suppressed as they propagate up to population, community, and ecosystem-level dynamics. This study will quantify responses by key zooplankton species to oxygen and pH using in situ video systems to measure changes in individual behavior in hypoxic, low- pH versus well-oxygenated, high-pH regions of a seasonally hypoxic estuary. Distributions and movements of zooplankton will be quantified using three approaches: 1) an imaging system deployed in situ on a profiling mooring over two summers in a hypoxic region, 2) imagers deployed on Lagrangian drifters to sample simultaneously throughout the water column, and 3) vertically-stratified pumps and net tows to verify species identification and video-based abundance estimates. These field observations will be combined with laboratory analysis of zooplankton movements in oxygen and pH gradients, and with spatially-explicit models to predict how behavioral mechanisms lead to large-scale impacts of environmental stresses.
The following deployments were conducted in 2017 and 2018:
CB1077: https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/735746
CB1072: https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/735748
Zoocam_ORCA_Twanoh_2017: https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/735762
RC0008: https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/775288
Mooring ORCA_Hoodsport; NANOOS-APL4: https://www.bco-dmo.org/deployment/775291
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |