http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/827378
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2020-10-21
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Flow through sediment core incubations for nitrogen concentration and isotopic fluxes collected in 2013 on the Island of Sylt, Germany in the North Sea.
2022-04-08
publication
2022-04-08
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2022-04-10
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.827378.1
Scott Wankel
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Wiebke Ziebis
University of Southern California
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Wankel, S., Ziebis, W. (2022) Flow through sediment core incubations for nitrogen concentration and isotopic fluxes collected in 2013 on the Island of Sylt, Germany in the North Sea. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2022-04-08 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.827378.1 [access date]
Methods and Sampling: <p>Sediments were collected from three intertidal sites near Königshafen on the island of Sylt in the North Sea, Germany. The ‘Schlickwatt (CL)’ and ‘Mischwatt (SLT)’ sites were located inside a small lagoon, while the ‘Sandwatt (SD)’ site was more openly exposed to wind and waves. Thirty intact push cores (30cm length, 10cm OD) were taken using polycarbonate core liners having vertical lines of silicone sealed holes (ø 3mm) at 1-cm intervals to allow porewater collection. Cores were retrieved leaving ~10 cm of overlying water and sealed with double o-ring caps to minimize gas exchange during transport, and brought immediately back to the laboratory. The gas-tight sealed sediment cores were incubated in the dark at <em>in situ </em>temperatures (19˚C) while being continuously supplied with filtered seawater at a flow rate of 1.8&nbsp; 0.06 ml/min for ~8 days. For experimental manipulations, four different inflow seawater compositions were used: “Low nitrate” (air sparged; ~20uM; LN), “Low oxygen, low nitrate” (sparged with N<sub>2</sub> to 30-35% O<sub>2</sub> saturation; ~20uM; LOLN), “High nitrate” (amended with NaNO<sub>3</sub> to ~120uM (above background nitrate); HN) and “low oxygen, high nitrate” (combined treatments; LOHN). Samples of each sediment core effluent were taken twice per day.</p>
<p>Concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> + NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> were measured by chemiluminescence after reduction in a hot acidic vanadyl sulfate solution on a NOx analyzer (Braman and Hendrix, 1989). Concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> were quantified by using the Griess-Ilosvay method followed by measuring absorption 540nm, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was quantified by difference (Grasshoff et al., 1999). Concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> were measured by fluorescence using the OPA method (Holmes et al., 1999). Concentrations of N<sub>2</sub>O were made using the integrated peak area of the m/z 44 beam on the IRMS, standardizing to analyses of known amounts of N<sub>2</sub>O (injected into N<sub>2</sub> sparged seawater in 160ml serum bottles) and normalizing to sample volume (158ml).</p>
<p>All N and O isotopic composition measurements (d15N and d18O (or d17O); where d15N = [(<sup>15</sup>R<sub>sample</sub>/<sup>15</sup>R<sub>Air</sub>)-1)*1000 in units of ‰, and <sup>15</sup>R = 15N/14N and where d18O = [(<sup>18</sup>R<sub>sample</sub>/<sup>18</sup>R<sub>VSMOW</sub>)-1)*1000 in units of ‰, and <sup>18</sup>R = 18O/16O (or 17O/16O) were made after conversion of analytes to nitrous oxide, followed by purification with a customized purge and trap system similar to that previously described (McIlvin and Casciotti, 2010) and analysis on a continuous flow IsoPrime 100 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). D17O refers to the excess 17O beyond that defined by the terrestrial fractionation line for the oxygen isotope system and is defined as D17O = d17O*0.52 - d18O. Nitrate was converted to N<sub>2</sub>O using the denitrifier method (Casciotti et al., 2002; Sigman et al., 2001) after removal of nitrite by addition of sulfamic acid (Granger and Sigman, 2009). Corrections for drift, size and fractionation of O isotopes during bacterial conversion were carried out as previously described using NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> standards USGS 32, USGS 34 and USGS 35 (Casciotti et al., 2002; McIlvin and Casciotti, 2011), with a typical reproducibility of 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for d15N and d18O, respectively. Nitrate D17O measurements were made on separate aliquots by routing denitrifier-produced N<sub>2</sub>O through a gold tube (1/16” OD) held at 780˚C, thermally decomposing the N<sub>2</sub>O into N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>, which were chromatographically separated using a 2m column (1/16” OD) packed with molecular sieve (5Å) before being sent into the IRMS (Kaiser et al., 2007; Komatsu et al., 2008). Nitrate standards USGS 35 and USGS 34 were used to normalize any scale contraction during conversion, with typical reproducibility of D17O measurements of 0.8‰. All samples for nitrite N and O isotope measurements were converted to N<sub>2</sub>O within 2 hours of collection using the azide method (McIlvin and Altabet, 2005). Internal nitrite isotope standards (WILIS 10, 11 and 20) were run in parallel at 3 different sizes to correct for any variations in sample size and instrumental drift, with a typical reproducibility for both d15N and d18O is 0.2‰. Based on calibrations against isotope standards USGS 32, 34 and 35 for d15N (Böhlke et al., 2003) and N23, N7373, and N10129 for d18O (Casciotti et al., 2007), the values of internal standards WILIS 10, 11, and 20 are reported here as -1.7, +57.1, and -7.8‰ for d15N and +13.2, +8.6 and +47.6‰ for d18O, respectively. Nitrite D17O measurements were made after conversion to N<sub>2</sub>O using the azide method and normalized using a combination of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> isotopic standards. D17O values of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> isotope standards WILIS 10 and WILIS 11 were calibrated previously against USGS 34 and USGS 35 using the denitrifier method followed by thermal decomposition of N<sub>2</sub>O to N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> as described above – yielding D17O values of 0‰ for both. For sample NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, raw d17O and d18O values were first normalized for oxygen isotopic exchange with water during the azide reaction (McIlvin and Altabet, 2005) using the calibrated d17O and d18O values of WILIS 10 and WILIS 11. During the same IRMS run, N<sub>2</sub>O produced from USGS 34 and USGS 35 via the denitrifier method was also thermally converted and analyzed as N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Because any isotope fractionation occurring during these reactions is mass dependent (e.g., D17O is unaffected), the D17O of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> can be calculated by normalizing to D17O values of these NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> standards. We disregard the small amount of oxygen isotope exchange occurring during the denitrifier method, as this would have only a small impact on the calculated D17O values. Total reduced nitrogen (TRN, e.g., DON + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) was measured in a subset of incubation cores by oxidation of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) pool via persulfate digest – followed by d15N analysis using the denitrifier method, similar to that previously described (Knapp et al., 2005). The d15N of the TRN pool was then calculated by mass balance by subtracting the molar contribution of the measured d15N of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> pools to the TDN pool. Based on the measurement of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentrations, the DON flux was generally of the same magnitude as the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> flux (not shown). For dissolved N<sub>2</sub>O, samples were extracted from the 160ml serum bottles using a purge and trap approach similar to that previously described (McIlvin and Casciotti, 2010). Liquid samples were quantitatively transferred from the sample bottle into a purging flask using a 20psi He stream, followed by He-sparging (~45 min) and cryogenic trapping using the same system described above for nitrate and nitrite derived N<sub>2</sub>O. Isotopic composition of the dissolved N<sub>2</sub>O was measured by direct comparison against the N<sub>2</sub>O reference tank. The composition of this tank (d15N bulk = -0.7‰; d18O = +39.1‰; site preference (SP) = -5.3‰, where SP = d15N alpha – d15N beta, and alpha and beta refer to the central and outer N atoms in the linear N<sub>2</sub>O molecule, respectively) was calibrated directly against aliquots of two previously calibrated N<sub>2</sub>O tanks from the Ostrom Lab at Michigan State University, having been calibrated by Tokyo Tech. Several sample analyses of tropospheric N<sub>2</sub>O from the study site using this system yielded isotope values of +6.8&nbsp; 0.7‰ for d15N bulk, +44.1&nbsp; 1.7‰ for d18O and +17.4&nbsp; 2.2‰ for SP. Reported values have been corrected for any size linearity of isotopic ratios (31/30, 45/44 and 46/44) by using a series of reference tank subsamples injected into 20ml headspace vials using a gastight syringe. Precision for replicate analyses of our reference gas analyzed as samples for d15N is&nbsp; 0.3‰, for d18O is 0.4‰ and for SP is 0.8‰. The D17O of N<sub>2</sub>O was calculated similar to that described above for NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. After extraction and cryotrapping, the N<sub>2</sub>O sample is thermally decomposed to N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> and chromatographically separated before measurement on the IRMS. Regular analyses of N<sub>2</sub>O converted from NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> isotope standards (USGS 35 and USGS 34) via the denitrifier method were made to normalize D17O values.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1259971 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1259971
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1260373 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1260373
completed
Scott Wankel
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-3944
266 Woods Hole Rd. MS #25
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
sdwankel@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Wiebke Ziebis
University of Southern California
213-821-1198
3616 Trousdale Pkwy, AHF 334
Los Angeles
CA
90089-0371
USA
wziebis@usc.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
N_number
Study_Name
Date_Local
Bottle_Fill_Start
Bottle_Fill_Stop
Gas_Bag_Start
Gas_Bag_Stop
Time_Stamp
Elapsed
Unique_ID
Comment
Site_Type
Core_ID
Duplicate_ID
Treatment
Timepoint
Flow_Rate
Inflow_NO2
Inflow_NH4
Inflow_NO3
Inflow_N2O
Effluent_NO2
Effluent_NH4
Effluent_NO3
Effluent_DON
Effluent_TDN
Effluent_N2O
O2_Flux
NO2_Flux
NH4_Flux
NO3_Flux
DON_Flux
N2O_Flux
NO3_d15N
NO3_d18O
NO3_D17O
NO2_d15N
NO2_d18O
NO2_D17O
TDN_d15N
TRN_d15N
N2O_d15N
N2O_d18O
N2O_SP
N2O_D17O
ISO_DateTime_Local
Teledyne 200e NOx Analyzer
Turner Designs Aquafluor Fluorometer
Isoprime 100 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Shimadzu UV 2550 Spectrophotometer
theme
None, User defined
sample identification
project
date_local
time_start_local
time_end_local
Date and time
time_elapsed
comments
sample type
core id
replicate
treatment
time_point
flow rate
Nitrite
Ammonium
Nitrate
Nitrous Oxide
Dissolved Organic Nitrogen
Total Dissolved Nitrogen
O2_flux_sediment
d15N_NO3
d18O_NO3
d17O_NO3
d15N
stable oxygen ration 18
stable oxygen isotope 17
Nitrogen
delta17O
ISO_DateTime_Local
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Chemiluminescence NOx Analyzer
Fluorometer
Mass Spectrometer
Spectrophotometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Collaborative Research: Nitrous Oxide Production and Fluxes in Coastal Sediments: Response to Environmental Change
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/756915
Collaborative Research: Nitrous Oxide Production and Fluxes in Coastal Sediments: Response to Environmental Change
<p>NSF Abstract:</p>
<p>Although marine sediments are known "hotspots" of nitrous oxide (N2O) production and emission, current estimates and future projections of this potent greenhouse gas from coastal areas, especially in response to lower levels of dissolved oxygen and increased nitrogen inputs, are an approximation at best. Scientists from the University of Southern California and Woods Hole Oceanographic Institute plan to improve upon these values by determining N2O dynamics at two coastal sites, Sylt, the German Wadden Sea, and Santa Catalina Island, a California Coastal lagoon. To attain their goal, they will carry out in-situ, high resolution microsensor measurements of N2O, oxygen, nitrate, nitric oxide, hydrogen sulfide, pH, redox potential, and temperature in conjunction with sediment and pore water analyses. Some of the sediment cores to be collected will be subjected to changes in oxygen content and nitrate concentrations in the overlying water to determine changes in nitrogen cycling activity and N2O flux as a function of low oxygen or nitrate addition. Using experimental incubations, the isotopic composition of N2O, nitrate, and ammonia will be measured to provide a quantitative estimate of net isotopic flux and N2O cycling processes. The combined use of microprofiling and multi-isotope approaches will provide not only detailed insight into N2O production and flux at these sites, but also yield data for a recently developed metabolic model to simulate and predict N2O dynamics under varying environmental conditions.</p>
<p>Broader Impacts: The research would strengthen the collaboration with German scientists. The proponents plan to create a webpage to discuss the technologies used in their project, as well as the activities taking place during their field trips. One postdoc and one undergraduate student from the University of Southern California would be supported and trained as part of this project.</p>
Coastal_Nitrous_Oxide
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
2013-08-14
2013-08-22
Wadden Sea Field Station, Sylt, Germany; Santa Catalina Island, California,USA
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Flow through sediment core incubations for nitrogen concentration and isotopic fluxes collected in 2013 on the Island of Sylt, Germany in the North Sea.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831064.rdf
Name: N_number
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Internal Lab ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831065.rdf
Name: Study_Name
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Study Identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831066.rdf
Name: Date_Local
Units: %Y-%m-%d
Description: <p>Date Sample Collected</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831067.rdf
Name: Bottle_Fill_Start
Units: %H:%M
Description: <p>Time Water Sample Collection began</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831068.rdf
Name: Bottle_Fill_Stop
Units: %H:%M
Description: <p>Time Water Sample Collection ended</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831069.rdf
Name: Gas_Bag_Start
Units: %H:%M
Description: <p>Time Gas Sample Collection began</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831070.rdf
Name: Gas_Bag_Stop
Units: %H:%M
Description: <p>Time Gas Sample Collection ended</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831071.rdf
Name: Time_Stamp
Units: mm/dd/yy hh:mm
Description: <p>Time Registered for Sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831072.rdf
Name: Elapsed
Units: Hours
Description: <p>Time Since Incubation Initiation</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831073.rdf
Name: Unique_ID
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Unique Sample Identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831074.rdf
Name: Comment
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Comment, Sample ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831075.rdf
Name: Site_Type
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Predominant Sediment Type</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831076.rdf
Name: Core_ID
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Unique Sediment Core ID</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831077.rdf
Name: Duplicate_ID
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Core A or B</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831078.rdf
Name: Treatment
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Experimental Treatment</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831079.rdf
Name: Timepoint
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Sequential Sampling Time point</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831080.rdf
Name: Flow_Rate
Units: mL/min
Description: <p>Seawater Flow Rate through core</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831081.rdf
Name: Inflow_NO2
Units: uM
Description: <p>Inflow nitrite concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831082.rdf
Name: Inflow_NH4
Units: uM
Description: <p>Inflow ammonium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831083.rdf
Name: Inflow_NO3
Units: uM
Description: <p>Inflow nitrate concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831084.rdf
Name: Inflow_N2O
Units: uM
Description: <p>Inflow Nitrous oxide concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831085.rdf
Name: Effluent_NO2
Units: uM
Description: <p>Effluent nitrite concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831086.rdf
Name: Effluent_NH4
Units: uM
Description: <p>Effluent ammonium concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831087.rdf
Name: Effluent_NO3
Units: uM
Description: <p>Effluent nitrate concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831088.rdf
Name: Effluent_DON
Units: uM
Description: <p>Effluent dissolved organic nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831089.rdf
Name: Effluent_TDN
Units: uM
Description: <p>Effluent total dissolved nitrogen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831090.rdf
Name: Effluent_N2O
Units: nM
Description: <p>Effluent nitrous oxide concentration</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831091.rdf
Name: O2_Flux
Units: mmol m-2 d-1
Description: <p>Calculated Dissolved Oxygen Flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831092.rdf
Name: NO2_Flux
Units: mmol m-2 d-1
Description: <p>Calculated Nitrite Flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831093.rdf
Name: NH4_Flux
Units: mmol m-2 d-1
Description: <p>Calculated Ammonium Flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831094.rdf
Name: NO3_Flux
Units: mmol m-2 d-1
Description: <p>Calculated Nitrate Flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831095.rdf
Name: DON_Flux
Units: mmol m-2 d-1
Description: <p>Calculated DON Flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831096.rdf
Name: N2O_Flux
Units: umol m-2 d-1
Description: <p>Calculated N2O Flux</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831097.rdf
Name: NO3_d15N
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrate nitrogen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831098.rdf
Name: NO3_d18O
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrate oxygen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831099.rdf
Name: NO3_D17O
Units: per mil
Description: <p>17O isotope excess in nitrate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831100.rdf
Name: NO2_d15N
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrite nitrogen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831101.rdf
Name: NO2_d18O
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrite oxygen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831102.rdf
Name: NO2_D17O
Units: per mil
Description: <p>17O isotope excess in nitrite</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831103.rdf
Name: TDN_d15N
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Total dissolved nitrogen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831104.rdf
Name: TRN_d15N
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Total reduced nitrogen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831105.rdf
Name: N2O_d15N
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrous oxide nitrogen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831106.rdf
Name: N2O_d18O
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrous oxide oxygen isotope ratio</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831107.rdf
Name: N2O_SP
Units: per mil
Description: <p>Nitrogen Isotope Site Preference N2O</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831108.rdf
Name: N2O_D17O
Units: per mil
Description: <p>17O isotope excess in N2O</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/831109.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_Local
Units: %Y-%m-%dT%H:%M
Description: <p>Date/Time (Local) ISO formatted</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
128738
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/28455/1/dataset-827378_sediment-core-incubations-sylt-2013__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.827378.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Sediments were collected from three intertidal sites near Königshafen on the island of Sylt in the North Sea, Germany. The ‘Schlickwatt (CL)’ and ‘Mischwatt (SLT)’ sites were located inside a small lagoon, while the ‘Sandwatt (SD)’ site was more openly exposed to wind and waves. Thirty intact push cores (30cm length, 10cm OD) were taken using polycarbonate core liners having vertical lines of silicone sealed holes (ø 3mm) at 1-cm intervals to allow porewater collection. Cores were retrieved leaving ~10 cm of overlying water and sealed with double o-ring caps to minimize gas exchange during transport, and brought immediately back to the laboratory. The gas-tight sealed sediment cores were incubated in the dark at <em>in situ </em>temperatures (19˚C) while being continuously supplied with filtered seawater at a flow rate of 1.8&nbsp; 0.06 ml/min for ~8 days. For experimental manipulations, four different inflow seawater compositions were used: “Low nitrate” (air sparged; ~20uM; LN), “Low oxygen, low nitrate” (sparged with N<sub>2</sub> to 30-35% O<sub>2</sub> saturation; ~20uM; LOLN), “High nitrate” (amended with NaNO<sub>3</sub> to ~120uM (above background nitrate); HN) and “low oxygen, high nitrate” (combined treatments; LOHN). Samples of each sediment core effluent were taken twice per day.</p>
<p>Concentrations of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> + NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> were measured by chemiluminescence after reduction in a hot acidic vanadyl sulfate solution on a NOx analyzer (Braman and Hendrix, 1989). Concentrations of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> were quantified by using the Griess-Ilosvay method followed by measuring absorption 540nm, and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> was quantified by difference (Grasshoff et al., 1999). Concentrations of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> were measured by fluorescence using the OPA method (Holmes et al., 1999). Concentrations of N<sub>2</sub>O were made using the integrated peak area of the m/z 44 beam on the IRMS, standardizing to analyses of known amounts of N<sub>2</sub>O (injected into N<sub>2</sub> sparged seawater in 160ml serum bottles) and normalizing to sample volume (158ml).</p>
<p>All N and O isotopic composition measurements (d15N and d18O (or d17O); where d15N = [(<sup>15</sup>R<sub>sample</sub>/<sup>15</sup>R<sub>Air</sub>)-1)*1000 in units of ‰, and <sup>15</sup>R = 15N/14N and where d18O = [(<sup>18</sup>R<sub>sample</sub>/<sup>18</sup>R<sub>VSMOW</sub>)-1)*1000 in units of ‰, and <sup>18</sup>R = 18O/16O (or 17O/16O) were made after conversion of analytes to nitrous oxide, followed by purification with a customized purge and trap system similar to that previously described (McIlvin and Casciotti, 2010) and analysis on a continuous flow IsoPrime 100 isotope ratio mass spectrometer (IRMS). D17O refers to the excess 17O beyond that defined by the terrestrial fractionation line for the oxygen isotope system and is defined as D17O = d17O*0.52 - d18O. Nitrate was converted to N<sub>2</sub>O using the denitrifier method (Casciotti et al., 2002; Sigman et al., 2001) after removal of nitrite by addition of sulfamic acid (Granger and Sigman, 2009). Corrections for drift, size and fractionation of O isotopes during bacterial conversion were carried out as previously described using NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> standards USGS 32, USGS 34 and USGS 35 (Casciotti et al., 2002; McIlvin and Casciotti, 2011), with a typical reproducibility of 0.2‰ and 0.4‰ for d15N and d18O, respectively. Nitrate D17O measurements were made on separate aliquots by routing denitrifier-produced N<sub>2</sub>O through a gold tube (1/16” OD) held at 780˚C, thermally decomposing the N<sub>2</sub>O into N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>, which were chromatographically separated using a 2m column (1/16” OD) packed with molecular sieve (5Å) before being sent into the IRMS (Kaiser et al., 2007; Komatsu et al., 2008). Nitrate standards USGS 35 and USGS 34 were used to normalize any scale contraction during conversion, with typical reproducibility of D17O measurements of 0.8‰. All samples for nitrite N and O isotope measurements were converted to N<sub>2</sub>O within 2 hours of collection using the azide method (McIlvin and Altabet, 2005). Internal nitrite isotope standards (WILIS 10, 11 and 20) were run in parallel at 3 different sizes to correct for any variations in sample size and instrumental drift, with a typical reproducibility for both d15N and d18O is 0.2‰. Based on calibrations against isotope standards USGS 32, 34 and 35 for d15N (Böhlke et al., 2003) and N23, N7373, and N10129 for d18O (Casciotti et al., 2007), the values of internal standards WILIS 10, 11, and 20 are reported here as -1.7, +57.1, and -7.8‰ for d15N and +13.2, +8.6 and +47.6‰ for d18O, respectively. Nitrite D17O measurements were made after conversion to N<sub>2</sub>O using the azide method and normalized using a combination of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> isotopic standards. D17O values of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> isotope standards WILIS 10 and WILIS 11 were calibrated previously against USGS 34 and USGS 35 using the denitrifier method followed by thermal decomposition of N<sub>2</sub>O to N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> as described above – yielding D17O values of 0‰ for both. For sample NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>, raw d17O and d18O values were first normalized for oxygen isotopic exchange with water during the azide reaction (McIlvin and Altabet, 2005) using the calibrated d17O and d18O values of WILIS 10 and WILIS 11. During the same IRMS run, N<sub>2</sub>O produced from USGS 34 and USGS 35 via the denitrifier method was also thermally converted and analyzed as N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub>. Because any isotope fractionation occurring during these reactions is mass dependent (e.g., D17O is unaffected), the D17O of NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> can be calculated by normalizing to D17O values of these NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> standards. We disregard the small amount of oxygen isotope exchange occurring during the denitrifier method, as this would have only a small impact on the calculated D17O values. Total reduced nitrogen (TRN, e.g., DON + NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>) was measured in a subset of incubation cores by oxidation of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) pool via persulfate digest – followed by d15N analysis using the denitrifier method, similar to that previously described (Knapp et al., 2005). The d15N of the TRN pool was then calculated by mass balance by subtracting the molar contribution of the measured d15N of NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> and NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup> pools to the TDN pool. Based on the measurement of NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> concentrations, the DON flux was generally of the same magnitude as the NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup> flux (not shown). For dissolved N<sub>2</sub>O, samples were extracted from the 160ml serum bottles using a purge and trap approach similar to that previously described (McIlvin and Casciotti, 2010). Liquid samples were quantitatively transferred from the sample bottle into a purging flask using a 20psi He stream, followed by He-sparging (~45 min) and cryogenic trapping using the same system described above for nitrate and nitrite derived N<sub>2</sub>O. Isotopic composition of the dissolved N<sub>2</sub>O was measured by direct comparison against the N<sub>2</sub>O reference tank. The composition of this tank (d15N bulk = -0.7‰; d18O = +39.1‰; site preference (SP) = -5.3‰, where SP = d15N alpha – d15N beta, and alpha and beta refer to the central and outer N atoms in the linear N<sub>2</sub>O molecule, respectively) was calibrated directly against aliquots of two previously calibrated N<sub>2</sub>O tanks from the Ostrom Lab at Michigan State University, having been calibrated by Tokyo Tech. Several sample analyses of tropospheric N<sub>2</sub>O from the study site using this system yielded isotope values of +6.8&nbsp; 0.7‰ for d15N bulk, +44.1&nbsp; 1.7‰ for d18O and +17.4&nbsp; 2.2‰ for SP. Reported values have been corrected for any size linearity of isotopic ratios (31/30, 45/44 and 46/44) by using a series of reference tank subsamples injected into 20ml headspace vials using a gastight syringe. Precision for replicate analyses of our reference gas analyzed as samples for d15N is&nbsp; 0.3‰, for d18O is 0.4‰ and for SP is 0.8‰. The D17O of N<sub>2</sub>O was calculated similar to that described above for NO<sub>2</sub><sup>-</sup>. After extraction and cryotrapping, the N<sub>2</sub>O sample is thermally decomposed to N<sub>2</sub> and O<sub>2</sub> and chromatographically separated before measurement on the IRMS. Regular analyses of N<sub>2</sub>O converted from NO<sub>3</sub><sup>-</sup> isotope standards (USGS 35 and USGS 34) via the denitrifier method were made to normalize D17O values.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Mass fluxes were calculated as a function of the steady-state difference between influent and effluent concentrations ([C]), flow rate (r) and sediment surface area (A) using: Flux = ([C]change * r)/A. Error estimates of fluxes incorporate variations in both measured flow rates as well as steady state concentrations.</p>
<p>For dissolved ions, effluent was directed into HDPE bottles and allowed to fill for ~60 minutes before subsampling, filtering (0.2um) and freezing (-20˚C). Separate 20ml aliquots were taken for measurement of dissolved inorganic nitrogen concentrations (nitrate, nitrite and ammonium) and stable isotopic composition. Concentrations of nitrite and ammonium were made immediately, while nitrate concentrations were measured back in the Wankel lab at WHOI. Samples for dissolved N<sub>2</sub>O were directed through gas impermeable PEEK tubing directly into pre-evacuated Tedlar gas sampling bags followed by gentle transfer into 160ml serum bottles using a ¼” OD silicone tubing, filling from the bottom to minimize turbulence and gas exchange. Sample water was allowed to overflow the bottle volume for at least two volumes before crimp-sealing and preserving with 100ul of a saturated HgCl<sub>2</sub> solution.</p>
<p>BCO-DMO Data Manager Processing Notes:<br />
* added a conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date<br />
* modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions<br />
* blank values in this dataset are displayed as "nd" for "no data."&nbsp; nd is the default missing data identifier in the BCO-DMO system.<br />
* removed all spaces in headers and replaced with underscores<br />
* removed all units from headers<br />
* converted dates to ISO Format yyyy-mm-dd<br />
* created Date_Local column to replace Date column<br />
* created ISO_DateTime_Local from Time_Stamp column<br />
* set Types for each data column</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
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Teledyne 200e NOx Analyzer
Teledyne 200e NOx Analyzer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Teledyne 200e NOx Analyzer Instrument Name: Chemiluminescence NOx Analyzer Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: The chemiluminescence method for gas analysis of oxides of nitrogen relies on the measurement of light produced by the gas-phase titration of nitric oxide and ozone. A chemiluminescence analyzer can measure the concentration of NO/NO2/NOX.
One example is the Teledyne Model T200: https://www.teledyne-api.com/products/nitrogen-compound-instruments/t200
Turner Designs Aquafluor Fluorometer
Turner Designs Aquafluor Fluorometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Turner Designs Aquafluor Fluorometer Instrument Name: Fluorometer Instrument Short Name:Fluorometer Instrument Description: A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/113/
Isoprime 100 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
Isoprime 100 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Isoprime 100 Isotope Ratio Mass Spectrometer Instrument Name: Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:Mass Spec Instrument Description: General term for instruments used to measure the mass-to-charge ratio of ions; generally used to find the composition of a sample by generating a mass spectrum representing the masses of sample components. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB16/
Shimadzu UV 2550 Spectrophotometer
Shimadzu UV 2550 Spectrophotometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Shimadzu UV 2550 Spectrophotometer Instrument Name: Spectrophotometer Instrument Short Name:Spectrophotometer Instrument Description: An instrument used to measure the relative absorption of electromagnetic radiation of different wavelengths in the near infra-red, visible and ultraviolet wavebands by samples. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB20/