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            <gco:CharacterString>Cite this dataset as: Hu, S. K., Huber, J. (2021) High throughput tag-sequencing accessions (18S rRNA gene region) and environmental metadata from Axial Seamount, 2013-2015. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2020-11-05 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.828345.1 [access date]</gco:CharacterString>
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        <gco:CharacterString>Axial seamount SRA Dataset Description: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;See SRA BioProject accession: PRJNA641911 (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA641911)&amp;amp;nbsp;and BioSample accession IDs: SAMN15376334-SAMN15376347.&amp;amp;nbsp;Sequences are available via SRA (NCBI).&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt; Methods and Sampling: &amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Sample collection from Axial Seamount:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;From Fortunato et al (2018)&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sample collection from Axial Seamount took place in September 2013, August 2014, and August 2015. ROVs ROPOS and JASON were used to collect diffuse hydrothermal venting fluid. At each site, 3-L of diffuse venting fluid was pumped (100-150-ml per minute) onto a 0.22-um 47mm GWSP filter (Millipore). This fluid was collected using the Hydrothermal Fluid and Particle Sampler (HFPS; Butterfield et al. 2004), which was mounted on an ROV. The fluid intake for the HFPS has a temperature sensor to ensure a constant temperature during fluid collection. Filters were preserved in situ with RNALater. Background seawater was collected from a depth of 1500-m using a CTD mounted with 10-L Niskin bottles.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;&amp;lt;strong&amp;gt;Extraction and sequencing for 18S tag-sequencing:&amp;lt;/strong&amp;gt;&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For all samples, RNA was extracted and amplified similarly to the protocol described in Hu et al. 2018 (https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.hk3b4yn). Frozen filters were thawed and placed into sterile 15-ml falcon tubes with sterile forceps, 1-2 mL of RLT+ buffer (with β-Mercaptoethanol, Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) and RNase-free silica beads was added to each tube. Falcon tubes were bead-beaten by vortexing vigorously for 5 minutes. The original sample collection tubes with RNAlater were centrifuged to pellet any cellular material left in the RNAlater; the RNAlater was removed and replaced with 500-ul of RLT+ buffer (with β-Mercaptoethanol). This was vortexed and added to the 15-ml falcon tube. RNA was extracted with the RNAeasy kit (Qiagen #74104) with the in-line genomic DNA removal step (RNase-free DNase reagents, Qiagen #79254). RNA concentrations were determined using the Ribogreen protocol. Extracted RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using a cDNA synthesis kit (iScript Select cDNA Synthesis, BioRad, #1708896, Hercules, CA); the concentration of RNA was normalized for the cDNA synthesis reaction (input –ng of RNA). Primers targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene (Stoeck et al. 2010; Hu et al. 2015) were used in PCR reactions, which consisted of a final concentration of 1X Q5 High Fidelity Master Mix (NEB #M0492S, Ipswich, MA), 0.5 μM each of forward and reverse primers, and 1 ng of genetic material. The PCR thermal protocol started with an initial activation step (Q5 specific) of 98°C for 2 min, followed with 10 cycles of 98°C for 10 s, 53°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s, and 15 cycles of 98°C for 10 s, 48°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s, and a final extension of 72°C for 2 min (modified from Rodriquez Martinez et al. 2012). The original extract total RNA was also PCR amplified to ensure no genomic DNA was present in the sample. PCR products were checked by confirming the presence of an ~400 bp product on an agarose gel. In cases with no amplification, the PCR reaction was repeated with a higher concentration of cDNA (1.5-2 ng). If this did not yield the expected PCR product, the reaction was repeated with an additional 5 cycles. Three shipboard blanks (MilliQ water) and one extraction blank were also extracted and PCR amplified; while no PCR product was observed in these control samples they were processed similarly to all true samples and sequenced. All PCR products were cleaned using the AMPure bead clean up (Beckman Coulter #A63881, Brea, CA). Samples were multiplexed, pooled at equimolar concentrations and sequenced using the MiSeq 300 x 300 bp PE sequencing at Marine Biological Laboratory Bay Paul Center sequencing facility.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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(2) make substantial investments of resources to support field, laboratory, analytical, and modeling studies of the deep subseafloor ecosystems;
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Note: Katrina Edwards was a former PI of C-DEBI; James Cowen is a former co-PI.
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&lt;p&gt;Highly reduced and thermally charged venting fluids from the subseafloor mix with surrounding seawater, creating a sharp geochemical gradient which promotes a hub of biological diversity at hydrothermal vent ecosystems. While studies of prokaryotic diversity at hydrothermal vent sites have highlighted the important roles microorganisms play in deep sea carbon cycling and offered a unique window into subseafloor microbial communities, depictions of deep-sea marine ecology and food webs are incomplete without characterization of single-celled microbial eukaryotes (protists). I propose to use culture-independent techniques (tag-sequencing and metatranscriptomics) to provide a thorough understanding of protistan biogeography in and near venting fluids, focusing on the vent fluid-seawater interface. Additionally, these qualitative analyses will be paired with quantitative experiments that measure protistan grazing pressure. Understanding trophic interactions within the protistan community is incredibly important, as these processes form the foundation of deep-sea marine food webs and mediate a significant amount of carbon transferred to higher trophic levels.&lt;/p&gt;
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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;Sample collection from Axial Seamount took place in September 2013, August 2014, and August 2015. ROVs ROPOS and JASON were used to collect diffuse hydrothermal venting fluid. At each site, 3-L of diffuse venting fluid was pumped (100-150-ml per minute) onto a 0.22-um 47mm GWSP filter (Millipore). This fluid was collected using the Hydrothermal Fluid and Particle Sampler (HFPS; Butterfield et al. 2004), which was mounted on an ROV. The fluid intake for the HFPS has a temperature sensor to ensure a constant temperature during fluid collection. Filters were preserved in situ with RNALater. Background seawater was collected from a depth of 1500-m using a CTD mounted with 10-L Niskin bottles.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;

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&amp;lt;p&amp;gt;For all samples, RNA was extracted and amplified similarly to the protocol described in Hu et al. 2018 (https://dx.doi.org/10.17504/protocols.io.hk3b4yn). Frozen filters were thawed and placed into sterile 15-ml falcon tubes with sterile forceps, 1-2 mL of RLT+ buffer (with β-Mercaptoethanol, Qiagen, Valencia, CA, USA) and RNase-free silica beads was added to each tube. Falcon tubes were bead-beaten by vortexing vigorously for 5 minutes. The original sample collection tubes with RNAlater were centrifuged to pellet any cellular material left in the RNAlater; the RNAlater was removed and replaced with 500-ul of RLT+ buffer (with β-Mercaptoethanol). This was vortexed and added to the 15-ml falcon tube. RNA was extracted with the RNAeasy kit (Qiagen #74104) with the in-line genomic DNA removal step (RNase-free DNase reagents, Qiagen #79254). RNA concentrations were determined using the Ribogreen protocol. Extracted RNA was reverse transcribed into cDNA using a cDNA synthesis kit (iScript Select cDNA Synthesis, BioRad, #1708896, Hercules, CA); the concentration of RNA was normalized for the cDNA synthesis reaction (input –ng of RNA). Primers targeting the V4 hypervariable region of the 18S rRNA gene (Stoeck et al. 2010; Hu et al. 2015) were used in PCR reactions, which consisted of a final concentration of 1X Q5 High Fidelity Master Mix (NEB #M0492S, Ipswich, MA), 0.5 μM each of forward and reverse primers, and 1 ng of genetic material. The PCR thermal protocol started with an initial activation step (Q5 specific) of 98°C for 2 min, followed with 10 cycles of 98°C for 10 s, 53°C for 30 s, 72°C for 30 s, and 15 cycles of 98°C for 10 s, 48°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s, and a final extension of 72°C for 2 min (modified from Rodriquez Martinez et al. 2012). The original extract total RNA was also PCR amplified to ensure no genomic DNA was present in the sample. PCR products were checked by confirming the presence of an ~400 bp product on an agarose gel. In cases with no amplification, the PCR reaction was repeated with a higher concentration of cDNA (1.5-2 ng). If this did not yield the expected PCR product, the reaction was repeated with an additional 5 cycles. Three shipboard blanks (MilliQ water) and one extraction blank were also extracted and PCR amplified; while no PCR product was observed in these control samples they were processed similarly to all true samples and sequenced. All PCR products were cleaned using the AMPure bead clean up (Beckman Coulter #A63881, Brea, CA). Samples were multiplexed, pooled at equimolar concentrations and sequenced using the MiSeq 300 x 300 bp PE sequencing at Marine Biological Laboratory Bay Paul Center sequencing facility.&amp;lt;/p&amp;gt;</gco:CharacterString>
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- combined environmental and SRA tables into one table; joined on sample_name and library_ID&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- removed unpopulated columns (ref_biomaterial, rel_to_oxygen, samp_collect_device, samp_mat_process, samp_size, host)&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
- split lat_lon into lat and lon columns; changed sign of lon to negative&amp;amp;nbsp;to signify degrees west; reduced precision from variable to 4 decimal places&amp;lt;br /&amp;gt;
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Slurp Samplers (from https://ndsf.whoi.edu/alvin/systems/)
The slurp samplers consist of a collection chamber and a hydraulically powered water pump. A nozzle with a tube connected to it is held and moved by a manipulator while water is pulled into the nozzle by the pump. The water travels down the tube into the collection chamber, and then goes through a mesh screen before going through the pump itself. Biological samples are sucked into the nozzle and deposited in the collection chamber. They are kept from going into the pump by the mesh screen. The screen can be changed for coarser or finer mesh as needed. Two styles of collection chamber are available; single chamber and 5-chamber.

Single chamber:  a large cylindrical single collection chamber into which all samples will be deposited.  Water weight 2 lbs, 27 lbs full of water.

5-chamber:  five separate cylindrical collection chambers of 4.5 inch ID x 11.5 inch height. One chamber is used at a time and the chambers are rotated by a hydraulic actuator mounted to the bottom of the 5-chamber assembly.  Water weight 10 lbs, 140 lbs full of water.</gco:CharacterString>
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      <gmi:instrument>
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              <gmd:code>
                <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/instrument/471582.rdf" xlink:title="Thermal Cycler" xlink:actuate="onRequest"></gmx:Anchor>
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            <gco:CharacterString>PI Supplied Instrument Name:  Instrument Name: Thermal Cycler Instrument Short Name:Thermal Cycler   Instrument Description: A thermal cycler or &quot;thermocycler&quot; is a general term for a type of laboratory apparatus, commonly used for performing polymerase chain reaction (PCR), that is capable of repeatedly altering and maintaining specific temperatures for defined periods of time. The device has a thermal block with holes where tubes with the PCR reaction mixtures can be inserted. The cycler then raises and lowers the temperature of the block in discrete, pre-programmed steps. They can also be used to facilitate other temperature-sensitive reactions, including restriction enzyme digestion or rapid diagnostics.

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            <gmi:platform>
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     <gmd:CI_Citation>
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         <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://www.schmidtocean.org/story/show/47" xlink:actuate="onRequest">R/V Falkor</gmx:Anchor>
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    <gmi:citation>
     <gmd:CI_Citation>
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    <gmi:citation>
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                        <gmd:organisationName>
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          <gmx:Anchor xlink:href="http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/platform/54014.rdf"
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