These experiments were designed to test the combined effects of temperatures and light intensity on the growth growth rate (mu) and photophysiology of the diatom Thalassiosira pseudonana CCMP 1014 in a multifactorial design. Experiments were conducted in artificial seawater supplemented with 5% sterilized seawater. Six temperatures (13.5°C, 20°C, 25°C, 29°C, 31°C, and 32.5°C), and eight light intensities (25, 50, 80, 115,190, 300, 400 and 600 umol photons · m-2 · s-1 ) were tested during the course of these experiments.This dataset contains measurements of extracted chlorophyll, particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) made over the course of the experiments.

Table of Contents

• Coverage
• Dataset Description
  • Methods & Sampling
  • Data Processing Description
• Data Files
• Related Publications
• Parameters
• Instruments
• Project Information
• Funding

Experiments were conducted in the lab at the University of California Santa Barbara.

Experimental setup:

The experiments were designed to test the combined effects of four temperatures, and eight light intensities on growth and photophysiology of the diatom T. pseudonana CCMP1014 in a multifactorial design. Six temperatures were tested: 13.5°C, 20°C, 25°C, 29°C, 31°C, and 32.5°C. Within each temperature, eight light levels were tested: 25, 50, 80, 115,190, 300, 450 and 600 µmol photons · m-2 · s-1. All lights were set at a 12 h day: 12 h dark cycle. For logistical reasons, experiments were partially conducted in series.

Experiments were conducted in Multicultivator MC-1000 OD units (Photon Systems Instruments, Drasov, Czech Republic). Each unit consists of eight 85 ml test-tubes immersed in a thermostated water bath, each independently illuminated by an array of cool white LEDs set at specific intensity and timing. A 0.2µm filtered ambient air was bubbled through sterile artificial seawater, and the humidified air was supplied to each tube.  Each experiment was split into two phases: An acclimation phase spanning 3 days, was used to acclimate cultures to their new environment. Pre-acclimated, exponentially-growing cultures were then inoculated into fresh media and incubated through a 4-day experimental phase during which assessments of growth, photophysiology, and nutrient cycling were carried out daily. All sampling started 6 hours into the daily light cycle to minimize effects of diurnal cycles.

Experiments were conducted with artificial seawater (ASW) prepared using previously described methods (Kester et. al 1967), and enriched with 50mL per liter of UV sterilized natural seawater and nitrate (NO3), phosphate (PO4), silicic acid (Si[OH]4), at levels ensuring that the cultures would remain nutrient-replete over the course of the experiment. Trace metals and vitamins were added as in f/2 (Guillard 1975). The pH of the growth media was measured spectrophometrically using the m-cresol purple method (Dickson 1993), and adjusted using 0.1N HCl or 0.1M NaOH.

Organic Carbon and Nitrogen concentrations

Samples were filtered onto pre-combusted GF/F filters, dried at 60°C, and stored at room temperature until analyses of particulate organic carbon (POC), and particulate organic nitrogen (PON).  Samples were analyzed using an elemental analyzer (CEC 44OHA; Control Equipment). Samples where C or N concentrations were below instrument detection limits (columns J and K) were flagged (column I).

Chlorophyll

Daily subsamples from each treatment were filtered onto 0.45 µm polycarbonate filters and stored at -20°C. Filters were placed in 90% acetone (v/v) overnight at -20°C, and the extracted chlorophyll was measured fluorometrically on a Turner 700 fluorometer (Strickland 1972). Chlorophyll-a liquid standards in 90% acetone (Turner Designs Inc.), and adjustable solid secondary standards (Turner Designs Inc. P/N 8000-952) were used for calibrations, and to calculate the chlorophyll content of the samples (Column M)

Problem report: No data was collected from treatments grown at 32.5°C as this extreme temperature inhibited growth. Growth rate was zero.

BCO-DMO Processing Notes:
- data submitted in Excel file "BCODMO_Series 2A - 3_CHN_Chla.xlsx" sheet "C N and Chl" extracted to csv
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- renamed columns to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions (removed units and special characters)

 

The overarching goal of this project is to develop a framework for understanding the response of phytoplankton to multiple environmental stresses. Marine phytoplankton, which are tiny algae, produce as much oxygen as terrestrial plants and provide food, directly or indirectly, to all marine animals. Their productivity is thus important both for global elemental cycles of oxygen and carbon, as well as for the productivity of the ocean. Globally the productivity of marine phytoplankton appears to be changing, but while we have some understanding of the response of phytoplankton to shifts in one environmental parameter at a time, like temperature, there is very little knowledge of their response to simultaneous changes in several parameters. Increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations result in both ocean acidification and increased surface water temperatures. The latter in turn leads to greater ocean stratification and associated changes in light exposure and nutrient availability for the plankton. Recently it has become apparent that the response of phytoplankton to simultaneous changes in these growth parameters is not additive. For example, the effect of ocean acidification may be severe at one temperature-light combination and negligible at another. The researchers of this project will carry out experiments that will provide a theoretical understanding of the relevant interactions so that the impact of climate change on marine phytoplankton can be predicted in an informed way. This project will engage high schools students through training of a teacher and the development of a teaching unit. Undergraduate and graduate students will work directly on the research. A cartoon journalist will create a cartoon story on the research results to translate the findings to a broader general public audience.

Each phytoplankton species has the capability to acclimatize to changes in temperature, light, pCO2, and nutrient availability - at least within a finite range. However, the response of phytoplankton to multiple simultaneous stressors is frequently complex, because the effects on physiological responses are interactive. To date, no datasets exist for even a single species that could fully test the assumptions and implications of existing models of phytoplankton acclimation to multiple environmental stressors. The investigators will combine modeling analysis with laboratory experiments to investigate the combined influences of changes in pCO2, temperature, light, and nitrate availability on phytoplankton growth using cultures of open ocean and coastal diatom strains (Thalassiosira pseudonana) and an open ocean cyanobacteria species (Synechococcus sp.). The planned experiments represent ideal case studies of the complex and interactive effects of environmental conditions on organisms, and results will provide the basis for predictive modeling of the response of phytoplankton taxa to multiple environmental stresses.