http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/833887
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Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
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http://www.bco-dmo.org
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2020-12-16
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Concentrations of dissolved thorium and protactinium isotopes (Th-232, Th-230, Pa-231) in seawater, sea ice, and melt ponds collected during the U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY1502, GN01) on USCGC Healy from August to October 2015
2021-08-25
publication
2021-08-25
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2021-02-26
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.833887.2
Robert F. Anderson
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
principalInvestigator
R. Lawrence Edwards
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
principalInvestigator
Hai Cheng
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
principalInvestigator
Martin Q. Fleisher
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Vivancos, S. M., Anderson, R. F., Fleisher, M. Q., Zhang, P., Li, X., Edwards, R. L., Cheng, H. (2022) Concentrations of dissolved thorium and protactinium isotopes (Th-232, Th-230, Pa-231) in seawater, sea ice, and melt ponds collected during the U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY1502, GN01) on USCGC Healy from August to October 2015. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 3) Version Date 2021-08-25 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.833887.3 [access date]
GN01 Dissolved Thorium and Protactinium Dataset Description: <p>This dataset contains concentrations of dissolved thorium and protactinium isotopes (Th-232, Th-230, Pa-231) in seawater, sea ice, and melt ponds collected during the U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY1502, GN01) on USCGC Healy from August to October 2015. This is compiled data produced by two laboratories with the following associations: Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University (LDEO) and the University of Minnesota (UMN). All data have been deemed intercalibrated by the International GEOTRACES Standards and Intercalibration (S&amp;I) Committee.</p>
<p><strong>Naming Conventions:</strong><br />
Parameter names in the form such as "Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE" are adopted based on a recommendation from the GEOTRACES community (<a href="https://www.geotraces.org/parameter-naming-conventions/" target="_blank">https://www.geotraces.org/parameter-naming-conventions/</a>).</p>
<p>A GEOTRACES sample number (Sample_ID) appended with an "A" denotes the archive sample collected during the same cast and at the same depth as the sample that was originally analyzed.</p>
<p>"Dissolved" (D) here refers to that which passed through stacked 0.8/0.45 µm Acropak™ 500 filter capsules sampled from conventional Niskin bottles on a CTD rosette (BOTTLE; NIS and GSNIS). This is true for all dissolved samples except for a select number that were collected using GO-FLO bottles on a CTD rosette (BOTTLE; GF), a pump from a small boat (BOAT_PUMP; SMBT), a pump through sea ice into seawater (SUBICE_PUMP), a trace metal clean ice corer (CORER), and a pump into a melt pond (MELTPOND_PUMP). Sampling system is indicated by the parameter name, and in some cases by Bottle_ID. For Bottle_ID, NIS represents Niskin bottles sampled from the 12-place 30 liter ODF rosette, GSNIS represents Niskin bottles sampled from the 36-place 10 liter GO-SHIP rosette, GF represents GO-FLO bottles sampled from the 24-place 12 liter GTC clean carousel, and SMBT represents surface (1 m) seawater samples collected from a small boat upstream of the ship using a battery-powered pump and Teflon-lined PVC tubing. SUBICE_PUMP represents seawater samples collected from under the ice (at approximately 1, 5, and 20 m) with the same pumping system used for BOAT_PUMP, MELTPOND_PUMP represents melt pond water samples that were collected using a battery-powered peristaltic pump and silicone tubing, and CORER represents sea ice samples that were collected using a trace metal clean ice corer. Bulk sea ice (CORER) samples were collected as ice cores about 1 m in length and melted overnight in LDPE melting chambers before they were subsampled into 5 liter cubitainers. BOAT_PUMP, SUBICE_PUMP, and MELTPOND_PUMP samples were each stored in 25 liter carboys during sample collection and then subsampled into 5 liter cubitainers aboard the ship. GF (BOTTLE), BOAT_PUMP, MELTPOND_PUMP, and CORER samples were passed through a 0.2 µm Acropak™ 200 filter capsule, unlike NIS (BOTTLE), GSNIS (BOTTLE), and SUBICE_PUMP samples, which were passed through stacked 0.8/0.45 µm Acropak™ 500 filter capsules. All seawater, sea ice, and melt pond samples were weighed directly in the on-shore laboratory to determine sample size, taking into account acid added at sea.</p>
<p><strong>Units of Measurement:</strong><br />
Radionuclide concentrations are given as micro-Becquerel (10e-6 Bq, µBq or micro-Bq) per kilogram water for Th-230 and Pa-231, and picomole (10e-12 mol, pmol) per kilogram water for Th-232. A Becquerel is the SI unit for radioactivity and is defined as 1 disintegration per second. These units are recommended by the GEOTRACES community.</p>
<p><strong>Results Publications:</strong><br />
These data have been published in the following:<br />
Charette et al., 2020 – Dissolved Th-232 concentrations in upper ocean waters (Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c)</p> Methods and Sampling: <p><strong>Sampling Methods at Sea:</strong><br />
Sampling methods at sea followed the GEOTRACES cookbook (Cutter et al., 2017). Water samples were collected with a Sea-Bird Electronics CTD carousel fitted with either 12 30-liter or 36 10-liter PVC Niskin bottles, managed and operated by Ship-based Science Technical Support in the Arctic and the Ocean Data Facility of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or with a Sea-Bird Electronics CTD carousel fitted with 24 12-liter GO-FLO bottles (the GEOTRACES Clean carousel). The 12-place 30 L Niskin bottle rosette was used for stations 1-10 and 26, the 36-place 10 L Niskin bottle rosette was used for stations 12-19, 30-38, and 43-66, and the 24-place 12 L GO-FLO bottle rosette was used for station 41. Carousels were lowered from the ship with steel wire. Niskin bottles were equipped with nylon-coated closure springs and Viton O-rings. After collection, seawater was drained with Teflon-lined Tygon™ tubing and filtered through Pall Acropak™ 500 filters on deck (gravity filtration, 0.8/0.45 μm pore size) into Fisher I-Chem series 300 LDPE cubitainers. Ice hole seawater samples were collected from under the ice (at approximately 1, 5, and 20 m) using a battery-powered pump and Teflon-lined PVC tubing, then filtered and stored in the same manner as seawater samples collected from a rosette using a Niskin bottle. Surface (1 m) seawater samples were also collected from a small boat upstream of the ship using the same pumping system used to collect ice hole seawater samples, except they were passed through a 0.2 µm Acropak™ 200 filter capsule before being transferred to cubitainers. Melt pond samples were collected using a battery-powered peristaltic pump and silicone tubing, bulk sea ice samples were collected using a trace metal clean ice corer and melted overnight in LDPE melting chambers, and both were also passed through a 0.2 µm Acropak™ 200 filter capsule before cubitainer storage. Approximately 4-5 liters were collected per desired depth for each dissolved sample. Prior to the cruise, the tubing, filters, and cubitainers were cleaned by immersion in dilute (1.2 M) HCl (Fisher Scientific Trace Metal Grade) for 4-5 days. Once filtered, samples were adjusted to a pH of ~2 with ultra-clean 6 M HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade), double-bagged, stored in pallet boxes on-deck until the end of the cruise, and then at room temperature once shipped to the participating laboratories for analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Analytical Methods at LDEO:</strong><br />
In the on-shore laboratory, seawater, sea ice, and melt pond samples were weighed to determine sample size, taking into account the weight of the cubitainer and of the acid added at sea. Then, weighed aliquots of the artificial isotope yield monitors Th-229 (1 pg) and Pa-233 (0.05-0.17 pg) and 25 mg dissolved Fe were added to each sample. After allowing 1 day for spike equilibration, the pH of each sample was raised to 8.3-8.7 by adding ~12 mL of concentrated NH4OH (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) which caused iron (oxy)hydroxide precipitates to form. Each sample cubitainer was fitted with a nozzle cap, inverted, and the Fe precipitate was allowed to settle for 2 days. After 2 days, the nozzle caps were opened and the pH~8.3-8.7 water was slowly drained, leaving only the iron oxyhydroxide precipitate and 250-500 mL of water. The Fe precipitate was transferred to centrifuge tubes for centrifugation and rinsing with Milli-Q H2O (&gt;18 MΩ) to remove the major seawater ions. The precipitate was then dissolved in concentrated (16 M) HNO3 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) and transferred to a Teflon beaker for a high-temperature (180-200°C) digestion with concentrated HClO4 and HF (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) on a hotplate in a HEPA-filtered laminar flow hood. After total dissolution of the sample, another precipitation of iron (oxy)hydroxide followed and the precipitate was washed with Milli-Q H2O, centrifuged, and dissolved in concentrated (16 M) HNO3 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) for a series of anion-exchange chromatography using 6 mL polypropylene columns each containing a 1 mL bed of Bio-rad resin (AG1-X8, 100-200 mesh size) and a 45 μm porous polyethylene frit (Anderson et al., 2012). The final column elutions were dried down at 180-200°C in the presence of 2 drops of concentrated HClO4 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) and taken up in 0.5 mL of 0.16 M HNO3/0.026 M HF (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) for mass spectrometric analysis.</p>
<p>Concentrations of Th-232, Th-230 and Pa-231 were calculated by isotope dilution, relative to the calibrated tracers Th-229 and Pa-233 added at the beginning of sample processing. Analyses were carried out on a Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS, equipped with a high-performance Interface pump (Jet Pump Aridus I™), and specially designed sample (Jet) and skimmer (X) cones to ensure the highest possible sensitivity. All measurements were made in low resolution mode (∆m/M≈300), peak jumping in Escan mode across the central 5% of the flat-topped peaks. Measurements were made on a MasCom™ SEM; Th-229, Th-230, Pa-231, and Pa-233 were measured in Counting mode, while the Th-232 signals were large enough that they were measured in Analog mode. Two solutions of SRM129, a natural U standard, were run multiple times throughout each run. One solution was in a concentration range where U-238 and U-235 were both measured in Counting mode, allowing us to determine the mass bias/amu (typical values varied from -0.5%/amu to 0.2%/amu). In the other, more concentrated solution, U-238 was measured in Analog mode and U-235 was measured in Counting mode, yielding a measurement of the Analog/Counting Correction Factor (typical values varied from 0.9 to 1.1). These corrections assume that the mass bias and Analog/Counting Correction Factor measured on U isotopes can be applied to Th and Pa isotope measurements. Each sample measurement was bracketed by measurement of an aliquot of the run solution (0.16 M HNO3/0.026 M HF), which was used to correct for the instrumental background count rates. To correct for tailing of Th-232 into the minor Th and Pa isotopes, a series of Th-232 standards were run at concentrations bracketing the expected Th-232 concentrations in the samples. The analysis routine for these standards was identical to the analysis routine for samples, so we could see the changing beam intensities at the minor masses as we increased the concentration of the Th-232 standards. The Th-232 count rates in our Pa fractions were quite low after separation of Pa from Th during anion-exchange chromatography, reflecting mainly reagent blanks, compared to the Th-232 signal intensity in the Th fraction. The regressions of Th-229, Th-230, Pa-231, and Pa-233 signals as a function of the Th-232 signal in the standards was used to correct for tailing of Th-232 in samples. Only in rare cases was a tail correction of Th-232 on Pa-231 and Pa-233 necessary, while it was always the case that tail corrections of Th-232 on Th-229 and Th-230 were performed.</p>
<p>Water samples were analyzed in batches of 15. Procedural blanks were determined by processing 4-5 L of Milli-Q H2O in an acid-cleaned cubitainer acidified to pH ~2 with 6 M HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) as a sample in each batch. Two procedural blanks were processed with each batch, with about half of the procedural blanks acidified at sea during HLY1502 and the other half acidified in the on-shore laboratory before sample processing. The difference in the procedural blank values for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 between acidifying procedural blanks at sea or in the on-shore laboratory was statistically insignificant. An aliquot of two intercalibrated working standard solutions of Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231, SW STD 2010-1 referred to by Anderson et al. (2012) and SW STD 2015-1 which has ~6 times lower Th-232 activity, were added to separate acid-cleaned Teflon beakers along with weighed aliquots of Th-229 and Pa-233 spike. Spikes and SW STD were equilibrated for at least 1 day. They were then dried down and dissolved in concentrated (12 M) HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) for a series of anion-exchange chromatography and processed like samples with each batch. Samples were corrected using the pooled average of all procedural blanks analyzed during processing of HLY1502 dissolved samples. The average procedural blanks for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 5.72 ± 3.22 pg, 0.14 ± 0.08 fg, and 0.07 ± 0.08 fg, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest quantity of each isotope in samples that can reliably be detected or that can be statistically distinguished from a procedural blank. The LOD was considered to be 2 standard deviations above the average of the procedural blanks. Our LOD for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 12.15 pg, 0.29 fg, and 0.23 fg, respectively, or about 2.1x, 2.1x, and 3.1x greater than the blank amount, respectively.</p>
<p>Further details on analysis of seawater dissolved radionuclides are given by Anderson et al. (2012).</p>
<p><strong>Analytical Methods at UMN:</strong><br />
In the on-shore laboratory, 1-liter aliquots of the seawater, sea ice, and melt pond samples were weighed to determine sample size, taking into account the weight of the subsample container and of the acid added at sea. Then, weighed aliquots of the artificial isotope yield monitors Th-229 (1 pg) and Pa-233 (0.2-0.6 pg) and 3 mg dissolved Fe were added to each sample. After allowing 3 days for spike equilibration (at a temperature of about 40°C), the pH of each sample was raised to 8.0-8.5 by adding concentrated NH4OH which caused iron (oxy)hydroxide precipitates to form. This precipitate was allowed to settle for 1-2 days before the overlaying seawater was siphoned off. The Fe precipitate was transferred to centrifuge tubes for centrifugation and rinsing with deionized H2O (&gt;18 MΩ) to remove the major seawater ions. The precipitate was then dissolved in 14 M HNO3 and transferred to a Teflon beaker. It was then dried down and taken up in 7 M HNO3 for anion-exchange chromatography using Bio-rad resin (AG1-X8, 100-200 mesh size) and a polyethylene frit. Initial separation was done on Teflon columns with a 0.75 mL column volume (CV). The sample was loaded in 0.75 mL (1 CV) of 7 M HNO3, followed by 1.125 mL (1.5 CV) of 7 M HNO3 (to wash Fe and other undesired elements off the resin), 2.25 mL (3 CV) of 8 M HCl (to collect Th fraction), and 2.25 mL (3 CV) of 8 M HCl/0.015 M HF (to collect Pa fraction). The Pa and Th fractions were then dried down in the presence of 2 drops of concentrated HClO4 and taken up in 7 M HNO3. They were each passed through second and third columns (each with 0.5 mL column volumes) using similar elution schemes. The final Pa and Th fractions were then dried down in the presence of 2 drops of concentrated HClO4 and dissolved in weak nitric acid for analysis on the mass spectrometer.</p>
<p>Concentrations of Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were calculated by isotope dilution using nuclide ratios determined on a Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS. All measurements were done using a peak jumping routine in ion Counting mode on the discreet dynode multiplier behind the retarding potential quadrupole. A solution of U-233-U-236 tracer was run to determine the mass bias correction (assuming that the mass fractionation for Th and Pa are the same as for U). Each sample measurement was bracketed by measurement of an aliquot of the run solution (weak nitric acid), which was used to correct for the instrument background count rates on the masses measured.</p>
<p>Water samples were analyzed in batches of 28-56. Procedural blanks were determined by performing a complete chemical procedure on 1 L of Milli-Q water with each batch of samples. An aliquot of one of two intercalibrated working standard solutions of Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231, SW STD 2010-1 referred to by Anderson et al. (2012) and SW STD 2015-1 which has ~6 times lower Th-232 activity, was added to a separate acid-cleaned Teflon beaker along with weighed aliquots of Th-229 and Pa-233 spike. Spikes and SW STD were equilibrated for 3 days. They were then dried down and taken up in 7 M HNO3 for anion-exchange chromatography and processed like a sample with each batch. HLY1502 dissolved samples were corrected using the procedural blank analyzed during the same sample batch. The average procedural blanks for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 0.83 ± 0.80 pg, 0.03 ± 0.03 fg, and 0.02 ± 0.03 fg, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest quantity of each isotope in samples that can reliably be detected or that can be statistically distinguished from a procedural blank. The LOD was considered to be 2 standard deviations above the average of the procedural blanks. Our LOD for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 2.44 pg, 0.09 fg, and 0.08 fg, respectively, or about 2.9x, 2.5x, and 3.1x greater than the blank amount, respectively.</p>
<p>Further details on Pa and Th analysis at University of Minnesota are given in Shen et al. (2002, 2003, 2012), and Cheng et al. (2000, 2013).</p>
<p><strong>Notes on Derived Parameters:</strong><br />
<strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE: </strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE = Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE: </strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE = Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP = Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP = Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP = Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP</strong>:<br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP = Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER = Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER = Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP = Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP = Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1434479 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1434479
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1434886 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/showAward?AWD_ID=1434886
completed
Robert F. Anderson
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
845-365-8508
61 U.S. Route 9W, P.O. Box 1000 231 Comer Building
Palisades
NY
10964-8000
USA
boba@ldeo.columbia.edu
pointOfContact
R. Lawrence Edwards
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
612-626-0207
116 Church Street SE Tate Hall, Room 471
Minneapolis
MN
55455
USA
edwar001@umn.edu
pointOfContact
Hai Cheng
University of Minnesota Twin Cities
612-624-9598
100 Union Street SE Shep Lab, Room 475
Minneapolis
MN
55455
USA
cheng021@umn.edu
pointOfContact
Martin Q. Fleisher
Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory
845-365-8632
233 Comer Bldg. 61 Route 9W
Palisades
NY
10964
USA
martyq@ldeo.columbia.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 3
Unknown
Cruise_ID
Station_ID
Event_ID
Cast_ID
Start_Date_UTC
Start_Time_UTC
Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC
End_Date_UTC
End_Time_UTC
End_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Start_Latitude
Start_Longitude
End_Latitude
End_Longitude
Bottle_ID
Flag_Bottle_ID
Sample_ID
Lab_ID_D
Sample_Pressure
Sample_Depth
Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
SD1_Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
Flag_Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
SD1_Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
Flag_Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
SD1_Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
Flag_Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
SD1_Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Flag_Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
SD1_Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Flag_Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Niskin bottle
Polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system
Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS; Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS
GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle
CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
Centrifugal pump; Polyethylene pump
Centrifuge
theme
None, User defined
cruise id
station
event
cast
date
time of day
ISO_DateTime_UTC
latitude
longitude
bottle
quality flag
sample identification
laboratory
water pressure
depth
Thorium-232
Thorium-230
Protactinium-231
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
Niskin bottle
Ice Corer
Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer
GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle
CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
Pump
Centrifuge
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
HLY1502
service
Deployment Activity
Western Arctic Ocean
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
U.S. GEOTRACES
http://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. GEOTRACES
GEOTRACES is a SCOR sponsored program; and funding for program infrastructure development is provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
GEOTRACES gained momentum following a special symposium, S02: Biogeochemical cycling of trace elements and isotopes in the ocean and applications to constrain contemporary marine processes (GEOSECS II), at a 2003 Goldschmidt meeting convened in Japan. The GEOSECS II acronym referred to the Geochemical Ocean Section Studies To determine full water column distributions of selected trace elements and isotopes, including their concentration, chemical speciation, and physical form, along a sufficient number of sections in each ocean basin to establish the principal relationships between these distributions and with more traditional hydrographic parameters;
* To evaluate the sources, sinks, and internal cycling of these species and thereby characterize more completely the physical, chemical and biological processes regulating their distributions, and the sensitivity of these processes to global change; and
* To understand the processes that control the concentrations of geochemical species used for proxies of the past environment, both in the water column and in the substrates that reflect the water column.
GEOTRACES will be global in scope, consisting of ocean sections complemented by regional process studies. Sections and process studies will combine fieldwork, laboratory experiments and modelling. Beyond realizing the scientific objectives identified above, a natural outcome of this work will be to build a community of marine scientists who understand the processes regulating trace element cycles sufficiently well to exploit this knowledge reliably in future interdisciplinary studies.
Expand "Projects" below for information about and data resulting from individual US GEOTRACES research projects.
U.S. GEOTRACES
largerWorkCitation
program
U.S. Arctic GEOTRACES Study (GN01)
https://www.geotraces.org/
U.S. Arctic GEOTRACES Study (GN01)
<p><em>Description from NSF award abstract:</em><br />
In pursuit of its goal "to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions", in 2015 the International GEOTRACES Program will embark on several years of research in the Arctic Ocean. In a region where climate warming and general environmental change are occurring at amazing speed, research such as this is important for understanding the current state of Arctic Ocean geochemistry and for developing predictive capability as the regional ecosystem continues to warm and influence global oceanic and climatic conditions. The three investigators funded on this award, will manage a large team of U.S.scientists who will compete through the regular NSF proposal process to contribute their own unique expertise in marine trace metal, isotopic, and carbon cycle geochemistry to the U.S. effort. The three managers will be responsible for arranging and overseeing at-sea technical services such as hydrographic measurements, nutrient analyses, and around-the-clock management of on-deck sampling activites upon which all participants depend, and for organizing all pre- and post-cruise technical support and scientific meetings. The management team will also lead educational outreach activities for the general public in Nome and Barrow, Alaska, to explain the significance of the study to these communities and to learn from residents' insights on observed changes in the marine system. The project itself will provide for the support and training of a number of pre-doctoral students and post-doctoral researchers. Inasmuch as the Arctic Ocean is an epicenter of global climate change, findings of this study are expected to advance present capability to forecast changes in regional and globlal ecosystem and climate system functioning.</p>
<p>As the United States' contribution to the International GEOTRACES Arctic Ocean initiative, this project will be part of an ongoing multi-national effort to further scientific knowledge about trace elements and isotopes in the world ocean. This U.S. expedition will focus on the western Arctic Ocean in the boreal summer of 2015. The scientific team will consist of the management team funded through this award plus a team of scientists from U.S. academic institutions who will have successfully competed for and received NSF funds for specific science projects in time to participate in the final stages of cruise planning. The cruise track segments will include the Bering Strait, Chukchi shelf, and the deep Canada Basin. Several stations will be designated as so-called super stations for intense study of atmospheric aerosols, sea ice, and sediment chemistry as well as water-column processes. In total, the set of coordinated international expeditions will involve the deployment of ice-capable research ships from 6 nations (US, Canada, Germany, Sweden, UK, and Russia) across different parts of the Arctic Ocean, and application of state-of-the-art methods to unravel the complex dynamics of trace metals and isotopes that are important as oceanographic and biogeochemical tracers in the sea.</p>
U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic
largerWorkCitation
project
Collaborative Research: U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic Section: Thorium-230, Thorium-232, and Protactinium-231 tracers of trace element supply and removal.
https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/833534
Collaborative Research: U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic Section: Thorium-230, Thorium-232, and Protactinium-231 tracers of trace element supply and removal.
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
In support of the 2015 U.S.GEOTRACES Arctic expedition, this project will focus on the fate and distributions of naturally-occurring radioisotopes in the Arctic Ocean. Such information is useful for understanding why other chemical substances, both natural and man-made, occur where they do in the ocean. Like other national initiatives involved in the International GEOTRACES Program, the goals of this U.S. Arctic expedition are to identify processes and quantify fluxes that control the distributions of key trace elements and isotopes (TEI) in the ocean, and to establish the sensitivity of these distributions to changing environmental conditions. Working at sea alongside a multi-institutional team of ocean trace element experts, investigators on this project will define regions of unusually high rates of TEI removal, anticipated to be located near basin margins and near the sea floor. By combining their measurements of naturally-occurring thorium and protactinium with TEI data collected by other participating investigators, they expect to be able to translate these rates into information that can be applied to other TEIs. Like most other participating investigators, this group will include graduate students as part of the research team and will participate in a variety of public educational outreach activities for Alaskan communities.</p>
<p>This study will undertake measurements of the dissolved and particulate concentrations of 230Th and 231Pa, two isotopes designated as key or critical to the success of the GEOTRACES program. Additionally the team will measure dissolved and particulate 232Th concentrations and analyze a limited number of aerosol samples, aerosol leachates, sea ice, melt pond water and surface sediments for these radionuclides. The work plan will be broken down into five tasks geared to: (1) determine the rates of boundary scavenging of 231Pa and 230Th associated with the particle-rich waters near the southern margin of the Canada Basin; (2) determine the rates of bottom scavenging of 231Pa and 230Th associated with nepheloid layers that are prevalent in the Arctic Ocean; (3) assess the contribution to scavenging in the Canada basin by MnO2-coated particles, formed during early diagenesis in organic-rich sediments surrounding the Arctic Ocean; (4) determine the rate of supply of lithogenic 232Th from margin sediments using information derived from 230Th; and (5) determine the rate of supply of lithogenic 232Th from sea ice, including the aerosols and ice-rafted sediments that they transport, by the combined study of 232Th and 230Th. The proposed work fulfills core scientific objectives defined in the U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic Implementation Plan.</p>
GEOTRACES Arctic Th Pa
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Western Arctic Ocean
-179.808
179.21
60.252
89.99
2015-08-12
2015-10-07
From projects that focused on the following 2 locations: 1. Arctic Ocean; Sailing from Dutch Harbor to Dutch Harbor (GN01) 2. Western Arctic Ocean
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Concentrations of dissolved thorium and protactinium isotopes (Th-232, Th-230, Pa-231) in seawater, sea ice, and melt ponds collected during the U.S. GEOTRACES Arctic cruise (HLY1502, GN01) on USCGC Healy from August to October 2015
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834641.rdf
Name: Cruise_ID
Units: unitless
Description: Cruise identifier
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834642.rdf
Name: Station_ID
Units: unitless
Description: Station number
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834643.rdf
Name: Event_ID
Units: unitless
Description: GEOTRACES event number
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834644.rdf
Name: Cast_ID
Units: unitless
Description: Cast number
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834645.rdf
Name: Start_Date_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: Date (UTC) at start of sample collection; format: DD/MM/YYYY
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834646.rdf
Name: Start_Time_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: Time (UTC) at start of sample collection; format: hh:mm
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834647.rdf
Name: Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: Date and time (UTC) at start of sample collection formatted to ISO 8601 standard; format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834648.rdf
Name: End_Date_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: Date (UTC) at end of sample collection; format: DD/MM/YYYY
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834649.rdf
Name: End_Time_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: Time (UTC) at end of sample collection; format: hh:mm
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834650.rdf
Name: End_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: Date and time (UTC) at end of sample collection formatted to ISO 8601 standard; format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834651.rdf
Name: Start_Latitude
Units: decimal degrees North
Description: Latitude at start of sample collection
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834652.rdf
Name: Start_Longitude
Units: decimal degrees East
Description: Longitude at start of sample collection
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834653.rdf
Name: End_Latitude
Units: decimal degrees North
Description: Latitude at end of sample collection
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834654.rdf
Name: End_Longitude
Units: decimal degrees East
Description: Longitude at end of sample collection
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834655.rdf
Name: Bottle_ID
Units: unitless
Description: Bottle number
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834656.rdf
Name: Flag_Bottle_ID
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Bottle_ID
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834657.rdf
Name: Sample_ID
Units: unitless
Description: GEOTRACES sample number
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834658.rdf
Name: Lab_ID_D
Units: unitless
Description: Lab identifier for dissolved (D) sample analysis
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834659.rdf
Name: Sample_Pressure
Units: decibars (dbar)
Description: Sample pressure
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834660.rdf
Name: Sample_Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: Sample depth
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834661.rdf
Name: Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-232 in seawater collected using a Niskin or GO-FLO bottle on a CTD rosette
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834662.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834663.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE_dan73c
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834664.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-230 in seawater collected using a Niskin or GO-FLO bottle on a CTD rosette
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834665.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834666.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE_hhpkuh
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834667.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Pa-231 in seawater collected using a Niskin or GO-FLO bottle on a CTD rosette
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834668.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834669.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE_x1ssip
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834670.rdf
Name: Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-232 in seawater collected using a pump from a small boat
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834671.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834672.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_meanoj
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834673.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-230 in seawater collected using a pump from a small boat
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834674.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834675.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_hgjzry
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834676.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Pa-231 in seawater collected using a pump from a small boat
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834677.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834678.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP_rmnjwu
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834679.rdf
Name: Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-232 in seawater collected using a pump through sea ice into seawater
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834680.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834681.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_k4fwfy
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834682.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-230 in seawater collected using a pump through sea ice into seawater
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834683.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834684.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_ekirbo
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834685.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Pa-231 in seawater collected using a pump through sea ice into seawater
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834686.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834687.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP_hhrm9o
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834688.rdf
Name: Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-232 in sea ice collected using a trace metal clean ice corer
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834689.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834690.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_z41jl6
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834691.rdf
Name: Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-230 in sea ice collected using a trace metal clean ice corer
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834692.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834693.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_vfv4yg
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834694.rdf
Name: Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Pa-231 in sea ice collected using a trace metal clean ice corer
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834695.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834696.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER_mpjezi
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834697.rdf
Name: Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-232 in melt pond water collected using a pump into a melt pond
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834698.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
Units: picomoles per kilogram (pmol/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834699.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_kgth7x
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834700.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Th-230 in melt pond water collected using a pump into a melt pond
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834701.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834702.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_iqwixv
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834703.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved Pa-231 in melt pond water collected using a pump into a melt pond
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834704.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834705.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP_mxxuva
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834706.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Th-230 in seawater collected using a Niskin or GO-FLO bottle on a CTD rosette (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834707.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834708.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834709.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Pa-231 in seawater collected using a Niskin or GO-FLO bottle on a CTD rosette (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834710.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834711.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834712.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Th-230 in seawater collected using a pump from a small boat (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834713.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834714.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834715.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Pa-231 in seawater collected using a pump from a small boat (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834716.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834717.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834718.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Th-230 in seawater collected using a pump through sea ice into seawater (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834719.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834720.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834721.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Pa-231 in seawater collected using a pump through sea ice into seawater (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834722.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834723.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834724.rdf
Name: Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Th-230 in sea ice collected using a trace metal clean ice corer (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834725.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834726.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834727.rdf
Name: Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Pa-231 in sea ice collected using a trace metal clean ice corer (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834728.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834729.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834730.rdf
Name: Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Th-230 in melt pond water collected using a pump into a melt pond (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834731.rdf
Name: SD1_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834732.rdf
Name: Flag_Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834733.rdf
Name: Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: Concentration of dissolved excess Pa-231 in melt pond water collected using a pump into a melt pond (see metadata for full explanation)
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834734.rdf
Name: SD1_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Units: micro-Becquerel per kilogram (µBq/kg)
Description: One standard deviation of Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/834735.rdf
Name: Flag_Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
Units: unitless
Description: SeaDataNet quality flag for Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
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508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
150030
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/28730/1/dataset-833887_gn01-dissolved-thorium-and-protactinium__v3.tsv
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1124640
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/b5984cca-9b9e-524d-9c44-706b2432f36d/content
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https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.833887.2
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onLine
dataset
<p><strong>Sampling Methods at Sea:</strong><br />
Sampling methods at sea followed the GEOTRACES cookbook (Cutter et al., 2017). Water samples were collected with a Sea-Bird Electronics CTD carousel fitted with either 12 30-liter or 36 10-liter PVC Niskin bottles, managed and operated by Ship-based Science Technical Support in the Arctic and the Ocean Data Facility of Scripps Institution of Oceanography, or with a Sea-Bird Electronics CTD carousel fitted with 24 12-liter GO-FLO bottles (the GEOTRACES Clean carousel). The 12-place 30 L Niskin bottle rosette was used for stations 1-10 and 26, the 36-place 10 L Niskin bottle rosette was used for stations 12-19, 30-38, and 43-66, and the 24-place 12 L GO-FLO bottle rosette was used for station 41. Carousels were lowered from the ship with steel wire. Niskin bottles were equipped with nylon-coated closure springs and Viton O-rings. After collection, seawater was drained with Teflon-lined Tygon™ tubing and filtered through Pall Acropak™ 500 filters on deck (gravity filtration, 0.8/0.45 μm pore size) into Fisher I-Chem series 300 LDPE cubitainers. Ice hole seawater samples were collected from under the ice (at approximately 1, 5, and 20 m) using a battery-powered pump and Teflon-lined PVC tubing, then filtered and stored in the same manner as seawater samples collected from a rosette using a Niskin bottle. Surface (1 m) seawater samples were also collected from a small boat upstream of the ship using the same pumping system used to collect ice hole seawater samples, except they were passed through a 0.2 µm Acropak™ 200 filter capsule before being transferred to cubitainers. Melt pond samples were collected using a battery-powered peristaltic pump and silicone tubing, bulk sea ice samples were collected using a trace metal clean ice corer and melted overnight in LDPE melting chambers, and both were also passed through a 0.2 µm Acropak™ 200 filter capsule before cubitainer storage. Approximately 4-5 liters were collected per desired depth for each dissolved sample. Prior to the cruise, the tubing, filters, and cubitainers were cleaned by immersion in dilute (1.2 M) HCl (Fisher Scientific Trace Metal Grade) for 4-5 days. Once filtered, samples were adjusted to a pH of ~2 with ultra-clean 6 M HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade), double-bagged, stored in pallet boxes on-deck until the end of the cruise, and then at room temperature once shipped to the participating laboratories for analysis.</p>
<p><strong>Analytical Methods at LDEO:</strong><br />
In the on-shore laboratory, seawater, sea ice, and melt pond samples were weighed to determine sample size, taking into account the weight of the cubitainer and of the acid added at sea. Then, weighed aliquots of the artificial isotope yield monitors Th-229 (1 pg) and Pa-233 (0.05-0.17 pg) and 25 mg dissolved Fe were added to each sample. After allowing 1 day for spike equilibration, the pH of each sample was raised to 8.3-8.7 by adding ~12 mL of concentrated NH4OH (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) which caused iron (oxy)hydroxide precipitates to form. Each sample cubitainer was fitted with a nozzle cap, inverted, and the Fe precipitate was allowed to settle for 2 days. After 2 days, the nozzle caps were opened and the pH~8.3-8.7 water was slowly drained, leaving only the iron oxyhydroxide precipitate and 250-500 mL of water. The Fe precipitate was transferred to centrifuge tubes for centrifugation and rinsing with Milli-Q H2O (&gt;18 MΩ) to remove the major seawater ions. The precipitate was then dissolved in concentrated (16 M) HNO3 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) and transferred to a Teflon beaker for a high-temperature (180-200°C) digestion with concentrated HClO4 and HF (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) on a hotplate in a HEPA-filtered laminar flow hood. After total dissolution of the sample, another precipitation of iron (oxy)hydroxide followed and the precipitate was washed with Milli-Q H2O, centrifuged, and dissolved in concentrated (16 M) HNO3 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) for a series of anion-exchange chromatography using 6 mL polypropylene columns each containing a 1 mL bed of Bio-rad resin (AG1-X8, 100-200 mesh size) and a 45 μm porous polyethylene frit (Anderson et al., 2012). The final column elutions were dried down at 180-200°C in the presence of 2 drops of concentrated HClO4 (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) and taken up in 0.5 mL of 0.16 M HNO3/0.026 M HF (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) for mass spectrometric analysis.</p>
<p>Concentrations of Th-232, Th-230 and Pa-231 were calculated by isotope dilution, relative to the calibrated tracers Th-229 and Pa-233 added at the beginning of sample processing. Analyses were carried out on a Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS, equipped with a high-performance Interface pump (Jet Pump Aridus I™), and specially designed sample (Jet) and skimmer (X) cones to ensure the highest possible sensitivity. All measurements were made in low resolution mode (∆m/M≈300), peak jumping in Escan mode across the central 5% of the flat-topped peaks. Measurements were made on a MasCom™ SEM; Th-229, Th-230, Pa-231, and Pa-233 were measured in Counting mode, while the Th-232 signals were large enough that they were measured in Analog mode. Two solutions of SRM129, a natural U standard, were run multiple times throughout each run. One solution was in a concentration range where U-238 and U-235 were both measured in Counting mode, allowing us to determine the mass bias/amu (typical values varied from -0.5%/amu to 0.2%/amu). In the other, more concentrated solution, U-238 was measured in Analog mode and U-235 was measured in Counting mode, yielding a measurement of the Analog/Counting Correction Factor (typical values varied from 0.9 to 1.1). These corrections assume that the mass bias and Analog/Counting Correction Factor measured on U isotopes can be applied to Th and Pa isotope measurements. Each sample measurement was bracketed by measurement of an aliquot of the run solution (0.16 M HNO3/0.026 M HF), which was used to correct for the instrumental background count rates. To correct for tailing of Th-232 into the minor Th and Pa isotopes, a series of Th-232 standards were run at concentrations bracketing the expected Th-232 concentrations in the samples. The analysis routine for these standards was identical to the analysis routine for samples, so we could see the changing beam intensities at the minor masses as we increased the concentration of the Th-232 standards. The Th-232 count rates in our Pa fractions were quite low after separation of Pa from Th during anion-exchange chromatography, reflecting mainly reagent blanks, compared to the Th-232 signal intensity in the Th fraction. The regressions of Th-229, Th-230, Pa-231, and Pa-233 signals as a function of the Th-232 signal in the standards was used to correct for tailing of Th-232 in samples. Only in rare cases was a tail correction of Th-232 on Pa-231 and Pa-233 necessary, while it was always the case that tail corrections of Th-232 on Th-229 and Th-230 were performed.</p>
<p>Water samples were analyzed in batches of 15. Procedural blanks were determined by processing 4-5 L of Milli-Q H2O in an acid-cleaned cubitainer acidified to pH ~2 with 6 M HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) as a sample in each batch. Two procedural blanks were processed with each batch, with about half of the procedural blanks acidified at sea during HLY1502 and the other half acidified in the on-shore laboratory before sample processing. The difference in the procedural blank values for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 between acidifying procedural blanks at sea or in the on-shore laboratory was statistically insignificant. An aliquot of two intercalibrated working standard solutions of Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231, SW STD 2010-1 referred to by Anderson et al. (2012) and SW STD 2015-1 which has ~6 times lower Th-232 activity, were added to separate acid-cleaned Teflon beakers along with weighed aliquots of Th-229 and Pa-233 spike. Spikes and SW STD were equilibrated for at least 1 day. They were then dried down and dissolved in concentrated (12 M) HCl (Fisher Scientific OPTIMA grade) for a series of anion-exchange chromatography and processed like samples with each batch. Samples were corrected using the pooled average of all procedural blanks analyzed during processing of HLY1502 dissolved samples. The average procedural blanks for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 5.72 ± 3.22 pg, 0.14 ± 0.08 fg, and 0.07 ± 0.08 fg, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest quantity of each isotope in samples that can reliably be detected or that can be statistically distinguished from a procedural blank. The LOD was considered to be 2 standard deviations above the average of the procedural blanks. Our LOD for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 12.15 pg, 0.29 fg, and 0.23 fg, respectively, or about 2.1x, 2.1x, and 3.1x greater than the blank amount, respectively.</p>
<p>Further details on analysis of seawater dissolved radionuclides are given by Anderson et al. (2012).</p>
<p><strong>Analytical Methods at UMN:</strong><br />
In the on-shore laboratory, 1-liter aliquots of the seawater, sea ice, and melt pond samples were weighed to determine sample size, taking into account the weight of the subsample container and of the acid added at sea. Then, weighed aliquots of the artificial isotope yield monitors Th-229 (1 pg) and Pa-233 (0.2-0.6 pg) and 3 mg dissolved Fe were added to each sample. After allowing 3 days for spike equilibration (at a temperature of about 40°C), the pH of each sample was raised to 8.0-8.5 by adding concentrated NH4OH which caused iron (oxy)hydroxide precipitates to form. This precipitate was allowed to settle for 1-2 days before the overlaying seawater was siphoned off. The Fe precipitate was transferred to centrifuge tubes for centrifugation and rinsing with deionized H2O (&gt;18 MΩ) to remove the major seawater ions. The precipitate was then dissolved in 14 M HNO3 and transferred to a Teflon beaker. It was then dried down and taken up in 7 M HNO3 for anion-exchange chromatography using Bio-rad resin (AG1-X8, 100-200 mesh size) and a polyethylene frit. Initial separation was done on Teflon columns with a 0.75 mL column volume (CV). The sample was loaded in 0.75 mL (1 CV) of 7 M HNO3, followed by 1.125 mL (1.5 CV) of 7 M HNO3 (to wash Fe and other undesired elements off the resin), 2.25 mL (3 CV) of 8 M HCl (to collect Th fraction), and 2.25 mL (3 CV) of 8 M HCl/0.015 M HF (to collect Pa fraction). The Pa and Th fractions were then dried down in the presence of 2 drops of concentrated HClO4 and taken up in 7 M HNO3. They were each passed through second and third columns (each with 0.5 mL column volumes) using similar elution schemes. The final Pa and Th fractions were then dried down in the presence of 2 drops of concentrated HClO4 and dissolved in weak nitric acid for analysis on the mass spectrometer.</p>
<p>Concentrations of Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were calculated by isotope dilution using nuclide ratios determined on a Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS. All measurements were done using a peak jumping routine in ion Counting mode on the discreet dynode multiplier behind the retarding potential quadrupole. A solution of U-233-U-236 tracer was run to determine the mass bias correction (assuming that the mass fractionation for Th and Pa are the same as for U). Each sample measurement was bracketed by measurement of an aliquot of the run solution (weak nitric acid), which was used to correct for the instrument background count rates on the masses measured.</p>
<p>Water samples were analyzed in batches of 28-56. Procedural blanks were determined by performing a complete chemical procedure on 1 L of Milli-Q water with each batch of samples. An aliquot of one of two intercalibrated working standard solutions of Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231, SW STD 2010-1 referred to by Anderson et al. (2012) and SW STD 2015-1 which has ~6 times lower Th-232 activity, was added to a separate acid-cleaned Teflon beaker along with weighed aliquots of Th-229 and Pa-233 spike. Spikes and SW STD were equilibrated for 3 days. They were then dried down and taken up in 7 M HNO3 for anion-exchange chromatography and processed like a sample with each batch. HLY1502 dissolved samples were corrected using the procedural blank analyzed during the same sample batch. The average procedural blanks for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 0.83 ± 0.80 pg, 0.03 ± 0.03 fg, and 0.02 ± 0.03 fg, respectively. The limit of detection (LOD) is the smallest quantity of each isotope in samples that can reliably be detected or that can be statistically distinguished from a procedural blank. The LOD was considered to be 2 standard deviations above the average of the procedural blanks. Our LOD for Th-232, Th-230, and Pa-231 were 2.44 pg, 0.09 fg, and 0.08 fg, respectively, or about 2.9x, 2.5x, and 3.1x greater than the blank amount, respectively.</p>
<p>Further details on Pa and Th analysis at University of Minnesota are given in Shen et al. (2002, 2003, 2012), and Cheng et al. (2000, 2013).</p>
<p><strong>Notes on Derived Parameters:</strong><br />
<strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE: </strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE = Th_230_D_CONC_BOTTLE – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE: </strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOTTLE = Pa_231_D_CONC_BOTTLE – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOTTLE</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP = Th_230_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_BOAT_PUMP = Pa_231_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_BOAT_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP = Th_230_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP</strong>:<br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP = Pa_231_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_SUBICE_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER = Th_230_ICE_D_CONC_CORER – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_ICE_D_XS_CONC_CORER = Pa_231_ICE_D_CONC_CORER – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_ICE_D_CONC_CORER</p>
<p><strong>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Th-230 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Th-230 corrected for a contribution of Th-230 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Th-230 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-234. We estimate the lithogenic Th-230 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Th-230/Th-232 ratio of 4.0e-6 (atom ratio) as determined by Roy-Barman et al. (2002) and a conversion factor to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Th_230_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP = Th_230_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP – 4.0e-6 * 1.7473e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP</p>
<p><strong>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP:</strong><br />
The dissolved excess Pa-231 concentration refers to the measured dissolved Pa-231 corrected for a contribution of Pa-231 due to the partial dissolution of uranium-bearing minerals, or lithogenics. Thereby the dissolved excess represents solely the fraction of Pa-231 produced in the water by decay of dissolved uranium-235. We estimate the lithogenic Pa-231 using measured dissolved Th-232 and a lithogenic Pa-231/Th-232 ratio of 8.8e-8 (atom ratio) which is derived from assuming an average upper continental crustal U/Th ratio (Taylor and McClennan, 1995) and secular equilibrium between Pa-231 and U-235 in the lithogenic material. An additional conversion factor is needed to convert picomoles to micro-Becquerels.</p>
<p>Pa_231_D_XS_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP = Pa_231_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP – 8.8e-8 * 4.0370e5 * Th_232_D_CONC_MELTPOND_PUMP</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>Data Processing:</strong><br />
The reported errors for radionuclide concentrations represent the propagation of one sigma errors based on the standard isotope ratios collected by ICP-MS, estimated error in the Th-229 or Pa-233 spike concentration, and the blank correction of the individual isotopes. For LDEO, samples were corrected for blanks using the pooled average of all procedural blanks analyzed during processing of HLY1502 dissolved samples, while for UMN, samples were corrected for blanks using the procedural blank analyzed during the same sample batch.</p>
<p>Analysis of all samples was completed over the course of several years. A correction was made to account for the ingrowth of Th-230 and Pa-231 due to the decay of the natural U-234 and U-235 preserved in the acidified samples during the period of time between sample collection and U-Th/Pa separation during anion exchange chromatography. Thus, the reported Th-230 and Pa-231 concentrations have been corrected to represent their concentrations at the time of sampling. U concentrations in the samples were estimated using the bottle salinity (S) measured from the CTD and the U-Salinity relationship in seawater (Owens et al., 2011), [U] = (0.100 * S – 0.326) ng U (g seawater)-1. We used seawater U-isotopic compositions of U-234/U-238 = 1.1468 activity ratio (Andersen et al., 2010), and U-238/U-235 = 137.824 mole ratio (Weyer et al., 2008), to calculate [U-234] and [U-235] respectively based on [U].</p>
<p>Individual uncertainties for protactinium and thorium were calculated to include contributions from (a) blank correction using the variance of the blanks measured over the course of the analyses, (b) standard error of the ratios of the analysis (typically close to counting statistics) and (c) spike calibration. For protactinium we also included assessment of the correction from the yield correction, mass bias and instrument background. In order to assess the reproducibility of the procedure, repeat analyses were performed on the GEOTRACES 2010-1 and 2015-1 standards. For standards run alongside GN01 dissolved samples at LDEO, the reproducibility for each isotope was 0.87% for Th-232, 0.86% for Th-230, and 1.63% for Pa-231 on SW STD 2010-1, and was 4.78% for Th-232, 0.71% for Th-230, and 3.24% for Pa-231 on SW STD 2015-1. At UMN, the reproducibility for each isotope was 1.09% for Th-232, 0.86% for Th-230, and 1.44% for Pa-231 on SW STD 2010-1, and was 0.34% for Th-232, 0.35% for Th-230, and 1.17% for Pa-231 on SW STD 2015-1.</p>
<p><strong>Quality Flags:</strong><br />
SeaDataNet quality flags have been assigned to all measured and derived parameters. More information on SeaDataNet quality flags is available from GEOTRACES at <a href="https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/" target="_blank">https://www.geotraces.org/geotraces-quality-flag-policy/</a> and from SeaDataNet at <a href="https://www.seadatanet.org/Standards/Data-Quality-Control" target="_blank">https://www.seadatanet.org/Standards/Data-Quality-Control</a>. In summary:</p>
<p>0 = no quality control;<br />
1 = good value;<br />
2 = probably good value;<br />
3 = probably bad value;<br />
4 = bad value;<br />
5 = changed value;<br />
6 = value below detection;<br />
7 = value in excess;<br />
8 = interpolated value;<br />
9 = missing value;<br />
A = value phenomenon uncertain.</p>
<p>The SeaDataNet quality flags assigned to the derived parameters are based on the SeaDataNet quality flags assigned to the measured parameters and are defined as:</p>
<p>1 = good value = both Th-230 (Pa-231) and Th-232 are flagged as good (1);</p>
<p>2 = probably good value = either Th-230 (Pa-231) is flagged as good (1) and Th-232 is flagged as probably good (2), probably bad (3), or bad (4), or Th-230 (Pa-231) is flagged as probably good (2) and Th-232 is flagged as good (1), probably good (2), probably bad (3), or bad (4);</p>
<p>3 = probably bad value = Th-230 (Pa-231) is flagged as probably bad (3) and Th-232 is flagged as good (1), probably good (2), probably bad (3), or bad (4);</p>
<p>4 = bad value = Th-230 (Pa-231) is flagged as bad (4) and Th-232 is flagged as good (1), probably good (2), probably bad (3), or bad (4);</p>
<p>6 = value below detection = either or both Th-230 (Pa-231) and Th-232 are flagged as below detection (6) and neither are flagged as missing (9);</p>
<p>9 = missing value = either or both Th-230 (Pa-231) and Th-232 are flagged as missing (9).</p>
<p>Concentrations below the limit of detection (LOD) are indicated as "nd" and flagged with "6". The missing data identifier, "nd", also refers to no data available when flagged with "9" (i.e., no analysis).</p>
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing:</strong><br />
- modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions (replaced "::" with an underscore and changed "1SD" to "SD1").<br />
<br />
<strong>Version History:</strong><br />
-2020-12-29: version 1 published.<br />
- 2021-02-23: replaced with data file received 2021-01-28 (version 2); includes changes to some data values.<br />
- 2021-08-25: replaced with data file receive 2021-08-01 (version 3); includes the following changes:<br />
<strong>Start_Time_UTC</strong> for:<br />
Event 6036 from “00:00” to “07:23”<br />
Event 6213 from “nd” to “20:15”<br />
Event 6421 from “12:xx” to “13:53”<br />
Event 6228 from “nd” to “08:00”<br />
Event 6224 from “nd” to “08:00”<br />
Event 6225 from “nd” to “08:00”<br />
Event 6308 from “nd” to “18:00”<br />
Event 6309 from “nd” to “21:00”<br />
Event 6337 from “nd” to “23:00”</p>
<p><strong>Start_ISO_DateTime_UTC</strong> for:<br />
Event 6036 from “2015-08-16T00:00Z” to “2015-08-16T07:23Z”<br />
Event 6213 from “nd” to “2015-09-05T20:15Z”<br />
Event 6421 from “2015-09-29T12:xxZ” to “2015-09-29T13:53Z”<br />
Event 6228 from “nd” to “2015-09-07T08:00Z”<br />
Event 6224 from “nd” to “2015-09-07T08:00Z”<br />
Event 6225 from “nd” to “2015-09-07T08:00Z”<br />
Event 6308 from “nd” to “2015-09-16T18:00Z”<br />
Event 6309 from “nd” to “2015-09-16T21:00Z”<br />
Event 6337 from “nd” to “2015-09-19T23:00Z”</p>
<p><strong>End_Date_UTC</strong> for:<br />
Event 6337 from “19/09/2015” to “20/09/2015”</p>
<p><strong>End_Time_UTC&amp;</strong> for:<br />
Event 6228 from “nd” to “20:00”<br />
Event 6224 from “nd” to “20:00”<br />
Event 6225 from “nd” to “20:00”<br />
Event 6312 from “nd” to “20:00”<br />
Event 6308 from “nd” to “21:00”<br />
Event 6309 from “nd” to “23:59”<br />
Event 6337 from “nd” to “01:30”</p>
<p><strong>End_ISO_DateTime_UTC</strong> for:<br />
Event 6228 from “nd” to “2015-09-07T20:00Z”<br />
Event 6224 from “nd” to “2015-09-07T20:00Z”<br />
Event 6225 from “nd” to “2015-09-07T20:00Z”<br />
Event 6312 from “nd” to “2015-09-16T20:00Z”<br />
Event 6308 from “nd” to “2015-09-16T21:00Z”<br />
Event 6309 from “nd” to “2015-09-16T23:59Z”<br />
Event 6337 from “nd” to “2015-09-20T01:30Z”</p>
<p><strong>Start_Latitude</strong> for:<br />
Event 6213 from “89.988” to “89.987”</p>
<p><strong>Start_Longitude</strong> for:<br />
Event 6228 from “89.253” to “89.250”<br />
Event 6224 from “89.253” to “89.250”<br />
Event 6225 from “89.253” to “89.250”</p>
<p><strong>Cast_ID</strong> for:<br />
Event 6201 from “nd” to “30”<br />
Event 6224 from “nd” to “30”</p>
<p><strong>Sample_Depth</strong> for:<br />
Sample 11221 from “nd” to “0.5”<br />
Sample 11327 from “nd” to “0.5”<br />
Sample 11459 from “nd” to “0.5”<br />
Sample 11491 from “nd” to “0.5”<br />
Sample 11623 from “nd” to “0.5”<br />
Sample 11717 from “nd” to “0.5”</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:NIS: Niskin bottles sampled from the 12-place 30 L Scripps Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) rosette.
GSNIS: Niskin bottles sampled from the 36-place 10 L Scripps Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) rosette. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system
Polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system PI Supplied Instrument Description:Polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system used to collect sea ice samples.
A small subset of sea ice samples from designated "ice stations" (Stations 31, 33, 39, 42, 43, 46) were collected by drilling ice with a polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system. Instrument Name: Ice Corer Instrument Short Name:Ice Corer Instrument Description: An ice corer is used to drill into deep ice and remove long cylinders of ice from which information about the past and present can be inferred. Polar ice cores contain a record of the past atmosphere - temperature, precipitation, gas content, chemical composition, and other properties. This can reveal a broad spectrum of information on past environmental, and particularly climatic, changes. They can also be used to study bacteria and chlorophyll production in the waters from which the ice core was extracted. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/56/
Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS; Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS
Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS; Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS; Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS PI Supplied Instrument Description:A Thermo-Finnigan ELEMENT XR Single Collector Magnetic Sector ICP-MS, equipped with a high-performance Interface pump (Jet Pump Aridus I™), and specially designed sample (Jet) and skimmer (X) cones to ensure the highest possible sensitivity in the Lamont Doherty Earth Observatory - American Museum of Natural History ICP-MS Lab at the Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University was used.
A Thermo-Finnigan Neptune Multicollector ICP-MS, equipped with a high-performance Interface pump (Jet Pump Aridus II™), and specially designed sample (Jet) and skimmer (X) cones to ensure the highest possible sensitivity in the Newton Horace Winchell School of Earth and Environmental Sciences at the University of Minnesota was used. Instrument Name: Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer Instrument Short Name:ICP Mass Spec Instrument Description: An ICP Mass Spec is an instrument that passes nebulized samples into an inductively-coupled gas plasma (8-10000 K) where they are atomized and ionized. Ions of specific mass-to-charge ratios are quantified in a quadrupole mass spectrometer. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/LAB15/
GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle
GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:GF: GO-FLO bottles sampled from the 24-place 12 L GEOTRACES Clean Carousel (GTC) rosette.
Pre-conditioned, teflon-coated 12 L GO-FLO sampling bottles (General Oceanics, Miami, FL) deployed on a polyurethane powder-coated aluminum rosette with titanium pilings and pressure housings (Sea-Bird Electronics, Inc., Bellevue, WA) attached to a Kevlar, non-metallic conducting cable. Instrument Name: GO-FLO Teflon Trace Metal Bottle Instrument Short Name:GO-FLO Teflon TM Instrument Description: GO-FLO Teflon-lined Trace Metal free sampling bottles are used for collecting water samples for trace metal, nutrient and pigment analysis. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is designed specifically to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/
CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus PI Supplied Instrument Description:The Scripps Oceanographic Data Facility (ODF) sampling system included a Seabird carousel/CTD with 12-place 30 L Niskin bottles (coded 30-ODF in event log) and 36-place 10 L Niskin bottles (coded GS in event log). The PAR calibration sheet is available (http://dmoserv3.bco-dmo.org/data_docs/GEOTRACES/Arctic/HLY1502_PAR_QCP2300HP-70444-1506.pdf).
The GEOTRACES Clean Carousel (GTC) sampling system included a Dynacon winch with 7300 m of Vectran cable with conductors, clean lab, and Seabird carousel/CTD with 24-place 12 L GO-FLO bottles (and 14 spares; coded GT-C in event log). Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911plus Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0058/
Centrifugal pump; Polyethylene pump
Centrifugal pump; Polyethylene pump
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Centrifugal pump; Polyethylene pump PI Supplied Instrument Description:SMBT: Battery-powered pump and Teflon-lined PVC tubing used to collect surface (1 m) seawater samples from a small boat upstream of the ship.
A small subset of samples from designated "ice stations" (Stations 31, 33, 39, 42, 43, 46) were collected under the ice (at approximately 1, 5, and 20 m) after the ice was drilled with a polypropylene/titanium trace metal coring system. Sampling was done using a polypropylene, battery-powered motor centrifugal pump with ½ inch FEP-lined Tygon tubing.
At most of these same "ice stations" (Stations 33, 39, 42, 43, 46), melt pond samples were collected by clearing surface snow with an acid-cleaned polyethylene shovel and then using a polyethylene/titanium trace metal coring system to drill through the upper ice. Melt pond water was pumped using a battery-powered polyethylene pump through pre-cleaned C-flex tubing into a pre-cleaned LDPE carboy. Instrument Name: Pump Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps
Centrifuge
Centrifuge
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Centrifuge Instrument Name: Centrifuge Instrument Short Name: Instrument Description: A machine with a rapidly rotating container that applies centrifugal force to its contents, typically to separate fluids of different densities (e.g., cream from milk) or liquids from solids.
Cruise: HLY1502
HLY1502
USCGC Healy
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
USCGC Healy
vessel
HLY1502
David C. Kadko
Florida International University
https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/302/geotraces/GEOTRACES_ARCTIC/data_docs/cruise_reports/healy1502.pdf
Report describing HLY1502
USCGC Healy
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
USCGC Healy
vessel