http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/834444
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2020-12-22
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Nutrient and hydrology data from CTD bottles from 2012 to 2019 in the Gulf of Maine.
2020-12-22
publication
2020-12-22
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2021-05-04
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.834444.1
Dennis J. McGillicuddy
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: McGillicuddy, D. J., Keafer, B., Kosnyrev, O. (2021) Nutrient and hydrology data from CTD bottles from 2012 to 2019 in the Gulf of Maine. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2020-12-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.834444.1 [access date]
Nutrient and hydrology CTD data Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>Sea-Bird SBE 9 CTD data measurements using Sea-Bird Software SBE Seasave at standard CTD stations: profiles (down casts) with water sampling (up casts).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1314642 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1314642
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1840381 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1840381
Funding provided by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Award Number: NIH-P01ES021923 Award URL: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/8388954#details
Funding provided by National Institutes of Health (NIH) Award Number: NIH-P01ES028938 Award URL: https://taggs.hhs.gov/Detail/AwardDetail?arg_AwardNum=P01ES028938&arg_ProgOfficeCode=123
completed
Dennis J. McGillicuddy
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
508-289-2683
266 Woods Hole Road Bigelow 209B, Mail Stop 11
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
dmcgillicuddy@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
+1 508 289-2509
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Department of Biology MS #32
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
bkeafer@whoi.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 1
Unknown
Year
Ship_ID
Cruise_number
Station_number
Niskin
Depth
Pressure
Bottom_depth
Temperature
Salinity
Density
Oxygen
Fluorescence
Transmission
Conductivity
Oxygen_Raw
Nitrate_and_Nitrite
Silicate
Ammonium
Phosphate
Ph
Latitude
Longitude
ISO_DateTime_UTC
SeaBird 911
Rosette 24 positions
Digiquartz
Seapoint Turbidity
WETstar
theme
None, User defined
year
ship
Cruise identifier
station
Niskin bottle number
depth
No BCO-DMO term
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity from CTD
sigma-t
dissolved Oxygen
fluorescence
conductivity
nitrate plus nitrite
Silicate, Si(OH)4, silicic acid
Ammonium
phosphate
pH
latitude
longitude
ISO_DateTime_UTC
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird 911
Niskin bottle
Pressure Sensor
Seapoint Turbidity Meter
WET Labs (Sea-Bird WETLabs) WETStar fluorometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
CT2015-01
CT2015-04
CT2016-01
CT2016-02
CT2018-01
CT2018-02
CT2019-01
CT2019-02
CT2019-03
TI661
TI667
TI670
TI672
TI677
TI747
TI751
TI758
TI762
TI813
TI817
TI972
TI978
service
Deployment Activity
Gulf of Maine
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health
https://www2.whoi.edu/site/whcohh/
Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health
Overall Abstract:
The Woods Hole Center for Oceans and Human Health (WHCOHH) will comprise a strong and integrated set of research projects using novel in situ sampling technologies and modeling approaches building on prior research to address how environmental factors influence harmful algal bloom (HAB) dynamics and human exposure to HAB toxins, a serious and global human health threat. The overall objective is to protect public health through enhanced understanding of how oceanic processes affect the intensity and distribution of toxin-producing HABs and to understand the potential health risks from exposure even to low levels of their potent neurotoxins, especially during susceptible stages of life. The Center will focus on two key HAB taxa: Alexandrium catenella, which produces the saxitoxins responsible for paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP), and Pseudo-nitzschia spp., which produce domoic acid responsible for amnesic shellfish poisoning (ASP) syndrome, both are expanding geographically. Novel, targeted, efficient, and data-rich sampling approaches developed by the applicants and applied in situ in natural settings have revealed new controls of A. catenella population dynamics, and have identified possible new environmental links regarding toxic Pseudo-nitzschia species. Project 1 will examine further the physiological and environmental variables affecting these HABs, which may underlie population adaptation in different habitats and different environmental regimes. Project 2 will incorporate these new and fundamental insights on bloom regulation into coupled population models to predict HAB events, a key step toward being able to quantify future risks from this recurrent public health threat. In biomedical studies with the zebrafish model, Project 3 has identified myelination in the developing brain as a target of domoic acid. They will use transgenic zebrafish and single-cell RNA-sequencing to identify the cell-specific mechanisms underlying effects of domoic acid, saxitoxin, and the cyanotoxin anatoxin-a in zebrafish embryos in vivo and will use human iPSC-derived 3D brain systems in vitro to elucidate toxin effects on neural and glial cell differentiation in human cells. Studies also will determine whether prior exposure to ubiquitous persistent organic pollutants may modify effects of subsequent exposure to saxitoxin and domoic acid. All projects will collaborate to link oceanic processes to human exposure, helping to define the exposure of susceptible human subpopulations. The Community Engagement Core will facilitate integration of the research with education and engagement of resource managers and other stakeholders. We also will improve awareness of emerging HAB issues for the public health community and develop new educational materials and interactive activities for K-12 classrooms, and for health care providers. An Administrative Core will encourage open discussion of planning, integration, and communication, and provide rigorous evaluation of progress in all aspects of the program.
NSF Award Abstract: See https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2418297
The data management plan for the program can be found here.
WHCOHH
largerWorkCitation
program
WHCOHH - Physiological and behavioral plasticity in harmful algal bloom dynamics: variation across different habitats
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/818414
WHCOHH - Physiological and behavioral plasticity in harmful algal bloom dynamics: variation across different habitats
<p><em>Alexandrium catenella</em> and <em>Pseudo-nitzschia</em> spp. threaten human health through their production of potent neurotoxins that respectively cause Paralytic Shellfish Poisoning and Amnesic Shellfish Poisoning. Both are widespread across coastal waters of the U.S. and globally. Environmental factors alter marine ecosystems in many unanticipated ways, and a major concern is that the occurrence of these harmful algal blooms (HABs) and their concomitant human health impacts will grow. This project addresses key uncertainties regarding the impact of environmental variability on the timing and severity of HABs through detailed biological and ecological study of <em>Alexandrium</em> and <em>Pseudo-nitzschia</em> blooms within the Gulf of Maine (GOM). The GOM is an ideal system because of the long history of regional HAB issues and associated groundbreaking research by WHCOHH. Comprehensive studies of bloom physiology, toxicity, and oceanographic drivers have led to construction of coupled physical-biological models that have improved our understanding of key HAB dynamics and set the stage for continued interdisciplinary investigation of mechanisms at the cellular-to-GOM scale that are relevant to human exposure and health. In particular, the physiological responses of these HABs — growth, toxicity, and life cycle transitions — to shifting environmental conditions remain uncertain. <strong>We hypothesize that long-term trends in HAB risks in the GOM are inherently linked to physiological processes and toxin dynamics that are driven by ecological stimuli</strong>. This project’s aims are designed to illuminate the role of life cycle dynamics and cellular physiology in determining the occurrence of <em>Alexandrium</em> and <em>Pseudo-nitzschia</em> blooms. We apply a wide variety of innovative approaches for study of natural populations in situ, leveraging a unique region-scale HAB observing system (HABON-NE). Aims 1 and 2 focus on <em>A. catenella</em> and seek to characterize cyst dormancy cycles, cyst formation, and subsequent bloom termination. These aims build upon prior successful approaches and models from study of inshore systems, asking the question if open water populations of the GOM are governed by similar dynamics. Aim 3 investigates the physiology underlying the emerging bloom dynamics of <em>Pseudo-nitzschia</em> in the GOM with in situ physiological observation coupled with targeted metatranscriptomics. Through the direct assessment of life cycle processes and physiology of HABs in the GOM, the results from this work will be directly applicable to the successful integration of physiology into models (Project 2) and inform estimates of potential risk for human exposure to HAB toxins (Project 3).</p>
WHCOHH Algal Bloom Dynamics
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Gulf of Maine
-70.698
-66.113
42.599
44.599
2013-04-28
2019-08-12
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Nutrient and hydrology data from CTD bottles from 2012 to 2019 in the Gulf of Maine.
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836140.rdf
Name: Year
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Sampling year</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836141.rdf
Name: Ship_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Vessel identifier: 1 - R/V Tioga, 2 - R/V Connecticut, 3 - R/V Gulf Challenger, 4 - R/V Warren Jr., 5 - R/V Scarlett Isabella</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836142.rdf
Name: Cruise_number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise identifier</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836143.rdf
Name: Station_number
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836144.rdf
Name: Niskin
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Niskin bottle number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836145.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Sample depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836146.rdf
Name: Pressure
Units: decibels (db)
Description: <p>Pressure</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836147.rdf
Name: Bottom_depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Bottom depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836148.rdf
Name: Temperature
Units: degrees Celcius (°C)
Description: <p>Temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836149.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: units
Description: <p>Salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836150.rdf
Name: Density
Units: kilograms per cibic meters (kg/m^3)
Description: <p>Sigma-theta density from primary sensor</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836151.rdf
Name: Oxygen
Units: mililiters per liters (ml/l)
Description: <p>Oxygen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836152.rdf
Name: Fluorescence
Units: milligrams per cubic meters (mg/^m3)
Description: <p>Fluoresence</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836153.rdf
Name: Transmission
Units: percentage (%)
Description: <p>Beam Transmission Chelsea/Seatech</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836154.rdf
Name: Conductivity
Units: Siemens per meter (S/m)
Description: <p>conductivity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836155.rdf
Name: Oxygen_Raw
Units: volts (V)
Description: <p>Raw oxygen</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836156.rdf
Name: Nitrate_and_Nitrite
Units: micromoles (um)
Description: <p>NO3+NO2</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836157.rdf
Name: Silicate
Units: micromoles (um)
Description: <p>Si(OH)4</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836158.rdf
Name: Ammonium
Units: micromoles (um)
Description: <p>NH4</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836159.rdf
Name: Phosphate
Units: micromoles (um)
Description: <p>PO4</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836160.rdf
Name: Ph
Units: unitless
Description: <p>pH</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836161.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Station latitude, south is negative</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836162.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Station longitude, west is negative</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/836163.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time of start CTD cast in UTC, standard ISO format (yyyy-mm-ddThh:mmZ)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
316404
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/27038/1/dataset-834444_nutrient-and-hydrology-data__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.834444.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>Sea-Bird SBE 9 CTD data measurements using Sea-Bird Software SBE Seasave at standard CTD stations: profiles (down casts) with water sampling (up casts).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>CTD Data processing: Sea-Bird Software SBE Data Processing;</p>
<p>Nutrient data processing: water filtering, samples processing and preserving, standard methods for further samples processing.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
SeaBird 911
SeaBird 911
PI Supplied Instrument Name: SeaBird 911 PI Supplied Instrument Description:SeaBird 911+ Rosette 24-position, 10-liter bottle Rosette with dual T/C sensors At each station, CTD casts measured temperature, salinity and PAR. Water samples collected at depths of 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40, 30, 20, 10 m, and the surface were filtered and preserved for nutrient analysis. Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911 Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911 Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/
Rosette 24 positions
Rosette 24 positions
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Rosette 24 positions PI Supplied Instrument Description:SeaBird 911+ Rosette 24-position, 10-liter bottle Rosette with dual T/C sensors At each station, CTD casts measured temperature, salinity and PAR. Water samples collected at depths of 300, 250, 200, 150, 120, 100, 80, 60, 40, 30, 20, 10 m, and the surface were filtered and preserved for nutrient analysis. Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Digiquartz
Digiquartz
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Digiquartz PI Supplied Instrument Description:Digiquartz Instrument Name: Pressure Sensor Instrument Short Name:Pressure Sensor Instrument Description: A pressure sensor is a device used to measure absolute, differential, or gauge pressures. It is used only when detailed instrument documentation is not available.
Seapoint Turbidity
Seapoint Turbidity
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Seapoint Turbidity Instrument Name: Seapoint Turbidity Meter Instrument Short Name:Seapoint Turbidity Instrument Description: The Seapoint Turbidity Meter detects light scattered by particles suspended in water, generating an output voltage proportional to turbidity or suspended solids. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0104/
WETstar
WETstar
PI Supplied Instrument Name: WETstar Instrument Name: WET Labs (Sea-Bird WETLabs) WETStar fluorometer Instrument Short Name:WETStar Instrument Description: Submersible fluorometer designed for through-flow or pumped CTD applications manufactured by WetLabs and which can be configured for various types of fluorescence. The probe has a temperature range of 0-30 degrees C and a depth rating of 600 meters. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0075/
Cruise: CT2015-01
CT2015-01
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2015-01
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2015-04
CT2015-04
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2015-04
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2016-01
CT2016-01
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2016-01
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2016-02
CT2016-02
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2016-02
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2018-01
CT2018-01
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2018-01
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2018-02
CT2018-02
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2018-02
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2019-01
CT2019-01
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2019-01
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2019-02
CT2019-02
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2019-02
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: CT2019-03
CT2019-03
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
CT2019-03
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI661
TI661
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI661
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI667
TI667
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI667
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI670
TI670
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI670
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI672
TI672
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI672
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI677
TI677
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI677
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI747
TI747
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI747
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI751
TI751
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI751
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI758
TI758
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI758
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI762
TI762
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI762
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI813
TI813
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI813
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI817
TI817
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI817
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI972
TI972
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI972
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
Cruise: TI978
TI978
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel
TI978
Bruce Keafer
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
R/V Connecticut
R/V Connecticut
vessel
R/V Tioga
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Tioga
vessel