1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:Tfee,NSF Award Abstract: In the last three years, fishermen off the coast of Oregon have been baffled and alarmed by the sudden appearance of thousands of rod-shaped, jelly-like animals, called pysrosomes, fouling their gear and dominating their catches. Beach-goers, too, have been fascinated by these creatures that can blanket the sand when washed up in the surf. This warm water species was rarely encountered north of southern California until the last three years, when they have become increasingly abundant in the Northern California Current (NCC) off the coast of Oregon and even up into the Gulf of Alaska. A recent fisheries survey caught 18,000 pyrosomes in a 5-minute trawl. The effect on local marine food webs is not clear, but pyrosomes could compete with other important species for food, potentially changing the marine food web of the NCC. Few studies have been conducted so understanding of the implications of increased pyrosome occurrence is limited. There is thus an urgent need to learn more about the species. This project provides insight into the possible ecological effects of pyrosomes in the NCC. The study will also benefit researchers working in other regions, like the Gulf of Alaska. Broader impacts will be strengthened by outreach. An undergraduate student will work on the project over the summer, gaining valuable research experience. The research team will create a display about pyrosomes in collaboration with the Visitor Center at the Hatfield Marine Science Center (Newport, OR). The lead investigator on the project will also work with the media outreach team at Oregon State University to produce a high-quality popular science article about the research to be distributed via various media streams, including online, in print, and via social media. Pyrosoma atlanticum (commonly known as the pyrosome) is a warm water species of pelagic colonial tunicate that until recently had not occurred north of southern California. However, in the last three years, pyrosomes have become increasingly abundant in the Northern California Current (NCC) off the coast of Oregon, and as far north as the Gulf of Alaska, with implications for ecosystem productivity and fisheries. Preliminary data collected by the investigators show that pyrosome colonies off the Oregon Coast have extremely high grazing rates, suggesting that pyrosome blooms are capable of grazing significant amounts of phytoplankton standing stock. Indeed, in other parts of the world oceans, pyrosome blooms are capable of removing more than half of the phytoplankton standing stock in the top 10 m of the ocean. Pyrosome blooms in the NCC could outcompete other zooplankton grazers, such as copepods and euphausiids, thereby negatively affecting the higher trophic levels that rely on those crustaceans as prey. The effects on the food chain are likely to be significant. Pyrosomes have already been recorded in the stomach contents of a number of fish species, including Pacific halibut, rockfishes, sablefish, and Pacific salmon, yet their caloric content is half that of these fish species' preferred prey, krill. With increasing frequency of pyrosome blooms, there is an urgent need to assess their potential ecological implications in the NCC. Scientific understanding of the ecological role of pyrosomes in the global oceans is severely limited and the effects of the unprecedented continuous large blooms of pyrosomes in the NCC are unknown. This project is an intensive study on the role of pyrosomes in the pelagic food web and biogeochemical cycles of the NCC to answer the following research questions: (1) What proportion of the phytoplankton standing stock do pyrosome blooms remove daily? (2) What size fraction of the phytoplankton do pyrosomes preferentially graze upon in the NCC? (3) What is the contribution of pyrosomes to the flux of organic matter to the sea floor in the NCC? This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"837640","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"

Pyrosomes (Pyrosoma atlanticum) were picked out of zooplankton catches, counted and measured for total colony length (mm) and then frozen at -80˚C for subsequent analysis of gut pigment content following the gut fluorescence technique. Details of sampling and analytical procedures can be found in O’Loughlin et al. (2020).

\n","processing":"

BCO-DMO Processing:
\n- concatenated data from two separate cruise files into one dataset;
\n- changed date format to YYYY-MM-DD;
\n- re-named fields;
\n- rounded values to three decimal places.

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Pyrosome gut pigment contents from samples collected off the Oregon Coast on two cruises aboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada during 2018","nickname":"Pyrosome Gut Pigment Contents","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final no updates expected","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2021-01-22T05:00:00.000Z","abstract":"Pyrosome gut pigment contents from samples collected off the Oregon Coast on two cruises aboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada during 2018.","citation":"Bernard, K. S. (2021) Pyrosome gut pigment contents from samples collected off the Oregon Coast on two cruises aboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada during 2018. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2021-01-22 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.837640.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.837640.1","versionDate":"2021-01-22","versionId":"1","year":"2021","title":"Pyrosome gut pigment contents from samples collected off the Oregon Coast on two cruises aboard NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada during 2018","authors":"Bernard, K. S.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.837640.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":"2018-05-01T04:00:00.000Z","end":"2018-09-30T04:00:00.000Z"},"temporal":{"resolution":"time:unitMonth","type":"time:Interval","start":{"value":"1525147200","label":"2018-05"},"end":{"value":"1538280000","label":"2018-09"}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"polygon","center":{"latitude":43.69,"longitude":-126.5334},"wkt":"POLYGON ((-128.772 41.9, -124.2948 41.9, -124.2948 45.48, -128.772 45.48, -128.772 41.9))","north":45.48,"east":-124.2948,"south":41.9,"west":-128.772},"dataset_type":["Cruise Results"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"903227","title":"pyro_GP.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/837640/file/2GGXP2BCZ1Ow60/pyro_GP.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/837640/data/view/903227","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 837640","filename":"pyro_GP.csv","bytesize":24074,"checksum":{"value":"17fdeb8c8b233ffe0e613cc87b7da7b8","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"773268","name":"Kim S. Bernard"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"9","name":"Oregon State University"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[{"_id":"837252","name":"SH-18-04","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2018-05-02T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2018-05-11T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"837248","name":"NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"837250","name":"Jennifer Fisher","role":"Chief Scientist"}]},{"_id":"837254","name":"SH-18-11","synonyms":[],"dates":{"start":"2018-09-20T00:00:00.000Z","end":"2018-09-29T00:00:00.000Z"},"platform":{"_id":"837248","name":"NOAA Ship Bell M. Shimada"},"chiefScientists":[{"id":"837250","name":"Jennifer Fisher","role":"Chief Scientist"}]}],"funding":[{"_id":"773265","name":"OCE-1838492","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1838492"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"837648","name":"Bongo net","description":"","type_id":"410","type_name":"Bongo Net","type_desc":"A Bongo Net consists of paired plankton nets, typically with a 60 cm diameter mouth opening and varying mesh sizes, 10 to 1000 micron. The Bongo Frame was designed by the National Marine Fisheries Service for use in the MARMAP program. It consists of two cylindrical collars connected with a yoke so that replicate samples are collected at the same time. Variations in models are designed for either vertical hauls (OI-2500 = NMFS Pairovet-Style, MARMAP Bongo, CalVET) or both oblique and vertical hauls (Aquatic Research). The OI-1200 has an opening and closing mechanism that allows discrete \"known-depth\" sampling. This model is large enough to filter water at the rate of 47.5 m3/minute when towing at a speed of two knots. More information: Ocean Instruments, Aquatic Research, Sea-Gear","type_acronym":"Bongo Net"},{"_id":"837650","name":"Turner Designs Trilogy","description":"","type_id":"484","type_name":"Fluorometer","type_desc":"A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.","type_acronym":"Fluorometer"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"837663","name":"Cruise","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Cruise name

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1102","name":"cruise_id","description":"

cruise designation; name

"}},{"_id":"837664","name":"Station","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Station name

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"987","name":"station","description":"

Station identifier; a unique number or alphanumeric string designating a general geographic location at which one or more sampling activities may occur.

"}},{"_id":"837665","name":"Lat","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Station latitude

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees North"},"type":{"_id":"730","name":"latitude","description":"

latitude, in decimal degrees, North is positive, negative denotes South; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"837666","name":"Long","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Station longitude

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees East"},"type":{"_id":"731","name":"longitude","description":"

longitude, in decimal degrees, East is positive, negative denotes West; Reported in some datasets as degrees, minutes

"}},{"_id":"837667","name":"Time_PST","format":"%H:%M","frictionlessType":"time","description":"

Time, local; format: hh:mm

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1075","name":"time","description":"

Time GMT defined as HHMM; time of day; generally reported in GMT as HHMM (hours and minutes) but may also be HH.H (decimal hours) or HHMMSS (hours; minutes and seconds); in EqPac time is reported as Hawaii local time

"}},{"_id":"837668","name":"D_N","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day or night

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1006","name":"time_of_day","description":"

reference to day or night observations

"}},{"_id":"837669","name":"Month","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Month

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1115","name":"month","description":"

Month of year; numeric 1 to 12.

"}},{"_id":"837670","name":"Pyro_ID","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Pyrosome identifier

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"960","name":"sample","description":"

unique sample identification or number; any combination of alpha numeric characters; precise definition is file dependent

"}},{"_id":"837671","name":"Sub_Whole","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sub-sample (2) or whole (1)

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"837672","name":"Sub_WW","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sub-sample wet weight

","units":{"_id":"","name":"grams (g)"},"type":{"_id":"1678","name":"weight","description":"

Weight of a sample or object; see dataset for units of measurement. Weight is a physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. (Mass and weight are not equivalent.)

"}},{"_id":"837673","name":"Rem_WW","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Remainder wet weight

","units":{"_id":"","name":"grams (g)"},"type":{"_id":"1678","name":"weight","description":"

Weight of a sample or object; see dataset for units of measurement. Weight is a physical quality inhering in a bearer that has mass near a gravitational body. (Mass and weight are not equivalent.)

"}},{"_id":"837674","name":"Sub_Prop","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sub-sample proportion

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1741","name":"sample_descrip","description":"

text description or other traits of the sample collected

"}},{"_id":"837675","name":"SampGP","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sample gut pigment content

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl (ug Chl)"},"type":{"_id":"824587","name":"Stomach and gut contents","description":"

Parameters that characterize or quantify the contents of the stomach and gut of an animal or group of animals.

"}},{"_id":"837676","name":"Length","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Colony length

","units":{"_id":"","name":"centimeters (cm)"},"type":{"_id":"1097","name":"length","description":"

Length is a one-dimensional extent equal to the distance between two points.

"}},{"_id":"837677","name":"SampGut_cm","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sample gut pigment content per centimeter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl per centimeter (ug Chl/cm)"},"type":{"_id":"824587","name":"Stomach and gut contents","description":"

Parameters that characterize or quantify the contents of the stomach and gut of an animal or group of animals.

"}},{"_id":"837678","name":"SampGut_g","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Sample gut pigment content per gram

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl per gram (ug Chl/g)"},"type":{"_id":"824587","name":"Stomach and gut contents","description":"

Parameters that characterize or quantify the contents of the stomach and gut of an animal or group of animals.

"}},{"_id":"837679","name":"Gut_col","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Gut pigment per colony

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl per colony (ug Chl/col)"},"type":{"_id":"824587","name":"Stomach and gut contents","description":"

Parameters that characterize or quantify the contents of the stomach and gut of an animal or group of animals.

"}},{"_id":"837680","name":"Gut_Cm","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Gut pigment of whole colony per centimeter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl per centimeter (ug Chl/cm)"},"type":{"_id":"824587","name":"Stomach and gut contents","description":"

Parameters that characterize or quantify the contents of the stomach and gut of an animal or group of animals.

"}},{"_id":"837681","name":"IR_col_hr","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Ingestion rate per colony per hour

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl per colony per hour (ug Chl/col/hr)"},"type":{"_id":"824589","name":"Zooplankton feeding","description":"

Parameters quantifying the ingestion of food by zooplankton (mesozooplankton and larger but excluding fish) in terms of identified biota or chemical species and the effects of nutrition on life processes such as physiology and reproduction.

"}},{"_id":"837682","name":"IR_cm_hr","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Ingestion rate per cm of a colony per hour

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micrograms Chl per centimeter per hour (ug Chl/cm/hr)"},"type":{"_id":"824589","name":"Zooplankton feeding","description":"

"}}],"related_publications":[{"id":"837257","citation":"O'Loughlin, J. H., Bernard, K. S., Daly, E. A., Zeman, S., Fisher, J. L., Brodeur, R. D., & Hurst, T. P. (2020). Implications of Pyrosoma atlanticum range expansion on phytoplankton standing stocks in the Northern California Current. Progress in Oceanography, 188, 102424. doi:10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102424\r\n","relation_type":["Results"],"relation_desc":""}],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/837640/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/837640/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/837640/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/837640/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"773266","name":"RAPID: The ecological role of Pyrosoma atlanticum in the Northern California Current","acronym":"NCC Pyrosomes","description":"$1c"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.837640.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.837640.1","date_assigned":"2021-01-22","version_date":"2021-01-22","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":190},"downloads":{"count":292}}},"fileId":"903227"}]