Water column data from samples collected on R/V Hugh Sharp cruise HRS1803GL in the Chesapeake Bay during July-August 2018

Website: https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/853038
Data Type: Cruise Results
Version: 1
Version Date: 2021-06-04

Project
» Collaborative Research: Transformations of soluble Mn(III) along horizontal and vertical oxygen gradients (Manganese3)
ContributorsAffiliationRole
Luther, George W.University of DelawarePrincipal Investigator
Tebo, Bradley M.Oregon Health & Science University (IEH/OHSU)Co-Principal Investigator
Rauch, ShannonWoods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO)BCO-DMO Data Manager

Abstract
Water column data from samples collected on R/V Hugh Sharp cruise HRS1803GL in the Chesapeake Bay during July-August 2018. Samples were collected by CTD and from an in situ pump profiler system attached to the CTD rosette.


Coverage

Spatial Extent: N:39.5015 E:-75.924 S:38.9767 W:-76.3688
Temporal Extent: 2018-07-28 - 2018-08-03

Methods & Sampling

In situ pump profiler cast refers to profiling with a pump profiler for O₂ and H₂S using solid state gold-amalgam electrodes for voltammetry (Luther et al, 2008; Analytical Instrument Systems DLK-60). Water was pumped aboard to make measurements on discrete samples for Mn and Fe speciation as well. See Hudson et al (2019).

Samples for Mn and Fe parameters were filtered through 0.20 um filters. Whatman track etched polycarbonate filters were soaked in 1M HCl for 1 week before rinsing and storage in DI.

C parameters performed by Dr. Wei-Jun Cai's group for:
TA - Open cell Gran titration with semi-automatic AS-ALK2 Apollo Scitech titrator;
pH - glass electrode, NBS buffers;
DIC - infrared CO₂ analyzer (AS-C3, Apollo Scitech).

Uses Dickson CRM for calibration. DIC/TA samples were filtered (0.45um) and fixed with 100 ul of saturated mercury bichloride. Uses the methods of Gran (1952) and Huang, et al. (2012).

Dissolved Mn parameters:
The porphyrin spectrophotometric method of Madison et al (2011, 2013) measures dissolved Mn(II), Mn(III) bound to weaker ligands and total Mn. Method includes calibration and intercomparison of totals with other instrumentation (ICP, AA). Detection limit is 0.050 micromolar. Detection limit (DL) is 50 micromolar with a 1 cm path length cell.

Modification of Madison et al for Mn(III) bound to strong ligands by adding a reducing agent to a separate subsample with the porphyrin to obtain total Mn (Oldham 2015, 2017; Thibault de Chanvalon and Luther, 2019). Mn(III) bound to strong ligand complexes is determined by difference. Typically, triplicate measurements performed. Detection limit can be extended to 3.0 nanomolar with a 1m path length cell.

Modification of Madison et al. for water column samples by adding higher Cd(II) so that cadmium-chloride complex formation would not inhibit cadmium-porphyrin formation and thus incorporation of Mn into the porphyrin by Cd replacement (Thibault de Chanvalon and Luther, 2019, this work). This modification enhanced the kinetics of the reaction progress for both Mn(II) and weak Mn(III)-L complexes.

MnO on unfiltered samples
The leucoberbelein blue method is that of Jones et al (2019, this work) in 1 cm cells, but can be modified for longer path length cells.

H₂S
O₂ and H₂S by the voltammetry method of Luther et al (2008) and Hudson et al (2019) using a flow cell. O₂ also from CTD sensor.

Fe parameters
The method of Stookey (1972) is used to determine dissolved Fe(II) and on addition if hydroxylamine Fe total. Fe(III) is determined by difference. Modified and calibrated by many including Lewis et al (2007). Typically, triplicate measurements performed.

Nitrite
Nitrite as determined by the method of Grasshoff (1983).

Dissolved Mn speciation references:
Madison et al. (2011)
Madison et al. (2013)
Oldham et al. (2015)
Oldham et al. (2017) - Here, we modified the method of Madison et al. (2011) for water column samples to achieve a detection limit of 3.0 nM (3 times the standard deviation of a blank) by using a 100-cm liquid waveguide capillary cell and the addition of a heating step as well as a strong reducing agent for Mn. Speciation [Mn³⁺ = MnT – Mn²⁺]. As weak Mn(III)-L complexes could not be measured in our previous work (Oldham et al, 2015; paper above), this method was used throughout this cruise.
Thibault de Chanvalon & Luther (2019) - Here, we modified the method of Madison et al. (2011) for water column samples by adding higher Cd(II) so that cadmium-chloride complex formation would not inhibit cadmium-porphyrin formation and thus incorporation of Mn into the porphyrin by Cd replacement. This modification enhanced the kinetics of the reaction progress for both Mn(II) and weak Mn(III)-L complexes.

Dissolved Fe speciation references:
Stookey (1970)
Lewis et al. (2007)

H2S (in situ voltammetry)– water column:
Luther et al. (2008)

H2S (UV-Vis spectrophotometry) – sedimentary porewater samples:
Luther et al. (2011)

MnOₓ​ solids:
Jones et al. (2019)

pH and inorganic carbon parameters:
Gran (1952)
Huang et al. (2012)

Nitrite:
Determination of nitrite, nitrate, oxygen, thiosulphate in Grasshoff et al. (1983)


Data Processing Description

BCO-DMO Processing:
- converted date field to YYYY-MM-DD format;
- added date/time column in ISO8601 format (UTC/GMT);
- converted latitude and longitude to decimal degrees from degrees and decimal minutes.


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Data Files

File
water_column2018.csv
(Comma Separated Values (.csv), 29.00 KB)
MD5:6ebf661f52700359c90bb3c41ddf72b0
Primary data file for dataset ID 853038

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Related Publications

Gran, G. (1952). Determination of the equivalence point in potentiometric titrations. Part II. The Analyst, 77(920), 661. doi:10.1039/an9527700661 https://doi.org/10.1039/AN9527700661
Methods
Grasshoff, K., Kremling, K., and Ehrhardt, M. (1983). Methods of Seawater Analysis. Verlag Chemia, Florida
Methods
Huang, W.-J., Wang, Y., & Cai, W.-J. (2012). Assessment of sample storage techniques for total alkalinity and dissolved inorganic carbon in seawater. Limnology and Oceanography: Methods, 10(9), 711–717. doi:10.4319/lom.2012.10.711
Methods
Hudson, J. M., MacDonald, D. J., Estes, E. R., & Luther, G. W. (2019). A durable and inexpensive pump profiler to monitor stratified water columns with high vertical resolution. Talanta, 199, 415–424. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.076
Methods
Jones, M. R., Luther, G. W., Mucci, A., & Tebo, B. M. (2019). Concentrations of reactive Mn(III)-L and MnO2 in estuarine and marine waters determined using spectrophotometry and the leuco base, leucoberbelin blue. Talanta, 200, 91–99. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.03.026
Methods
Lewis, B. L., Glazer, B. T., Montbriand, P. J., Luther, G. W., Nuzzio, D. B., Deering, T., … Theberge, S. (2007). Short-term and interannual variability of redox-sensitive chemical parameters in hypoxic/anoxic bottom waters of the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry, 105(3-4), 296–308. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2007.03.001
Methods
Luther, G. W., Findlay, A. J., MacDonald, D. J., Owings, S. M., Hanson, T. E., Beinart, R. A., & Girguis, P. R. (2011). Thermodynamics and Kinetics of Sulfide Oxidation by Oxygen: A Look at Inorganically Controlled Reactions and Biologically Mediated Processes in the Environment. Frontiers in Microbiology, 2. doi:10.3389/fmicb.2011.00062
Methods
Luther, G. W., Glazer, B. T., Ma, S., Trouwborst, R. E., Moore, T. S., Metzger, E., … Brendel, P. J. (2008). Use of voltammetric solid-state (micro)electrodes for studying biogeochemical processes: Laboratory measurements to real time measurements with an in situ electrochemical analyzer (ISEA). Marine Chemistry, 108(3-4), 221–235. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2007.03.002
Methods
Madison, A. S., Tebo, B. M., & Luther, G. W. (2011). Simultaneous determination of soluble manganese(III), manganese(II) and total manganese in natural (pore)waters. Talanta, 84(2), 374–381. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2011.01.025
Methods
Madison, A. S., Tebo, B. M., Mucci, A., Sundby, B., & Luther, G. W. (2013). Abundant Porewater Mn(III) Is a Major Component of the Sedimentary Redox System. Science, 341(6148), 875–878. doi:10.1126/science.1241396
Methods
Oldham, V. E., Mucci, A., Tebo, B. M., & Luther, G. W. (2017). Soluble Mn(III)–L complexes are abundant in oxygenated waters and stabilized by humic ligands. Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, 199, 238–246. doi:10.1016/j.gca.2016.11.043
Methods
Oldham, V. E., Owings, S. M., Jones, M. R., Tebo, B. M., & Luther, G. W. (2015). Evidence for the presence of strong Mn(III)-binding ligands in the water column of the Chesapeake Bay. Marine Chemistry, 171, 58–66. doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2015.02.008
Methods
Stookey, L. L. (1970). Ferrozine---a new spectrophotometric reagent for iron. Analytical Chemistry, 42(7), 779–781. doi:10.1021/ac60289a016
Methods
Thibault de Chanvalon, A., & Luther, G. W. (2019). Mn speciation at nanomolar concentrations with a porphyrin competitive ligand and UV–vis measurements. Talanta, 200, 15–21. doi:10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.069
Methods

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Related Datasets

Continues
Luther, G. W., Tebo, B. M. (2021) Water column data from samples collected on R/V Hugh Sharp cruise HRS1709 in the Chesapeake Bay in August 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2021-02-17 doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.840678.1 [view at BCO-DMO]

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Parameters

ParameterDescriptionUnits
RegionSampling location unitless
cruiseCruise identifier unitless
castCast number unitless
sampleBottle numer or pump-profiler number unitless
date_local_ESTDate of sample collection (local; EST); format: YYYY-MM-DD unitless
local_time_ESTTime of sample collection in the local time zone (US Eastern Daylight); format: hh:mm unitless
ISO_DateTime_UTCDate and time of sample collection (UTC/GMT) formatted to ISO8601 standard: YYYY-mm-ddTHH:MMZ unitless
LatitudeLatitude in decimal degrees; positive values = North degrees North
LongitudeLongitude in decimal degrees; negative value = West degrees East
depthSample depth meters (m)
temperatureWater temperature from CTD degrees Celsius
salinitySalinity from CTD PSU
CTD_O2O2 from CTD micromolar (uM)
O2_100_pcnt_sat_at_T100% O2 sat at T micromolar (uM)
pcnt_O2_satPercent O2 saturation unitless (percent)
voltage_fluorescenceFluorescence voltage volts
H2SH2S; detection limit = 0.2 (uM) micromolar (uM)
TATA micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
DICDIC micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
pHpH, NBS scale at 25 degrees C unitless
pMnOxParticulate MnOx; particulate on the 0.20 micrometer filter; single measurement; detection limit = 0.01 uM micromolar (uM)
pMnOx_stdevStandard deviation of pMnOx micromolar (uM)
dMn2plusDissolved Mn2+; filtered through 0.20 micrometer filters; detection limit = 0.05 uM micromolar (uM)
dMn2plus_stdevStandard deviation of dMn2plus micromolar (uM)
dMn3plusDissolved Mn3+ by difference; Mn3+ = [MnT - Mn2+]; detection limit = 0.05 uM micromolar (uM)
dMn3plus_stdevStandard deviation of dMn3plus micromolar (uM)
dMnTotalMn total; filtered through 0.20 micrometer filters; detection limit = 0.05 uM micromolar (uM)
dMnTotal_stdevStandard deviation of dMnTotal micromolar (uM)
dFe2plusDissolved Fe2+; filtered through 0.20 micrometer filters; detection limit = 10 nM nanomolar (nM)
pFe2plusParticulate Fe2+; no filtering of water; detection limit = 10 nM micromolar (uM)
dFeTotalDissolved Fe total = FeT = [Fe2+] + [Fe3+]; filtered through 0.20 micrometer filters; detection limit = 10 nM nanomolar (nM)
pFeTotalParticulate Fe total = FeT = [Fe2+] + [Fe3+]; no filtering of water; detection limit = 10 nM nanomolar (nM)
dFe3plusDissolved Fe3+ by difference; Fe3+ = [FeT - Fe2+] nanomolar (nM)
pFe3plusParticulate Fe3+ by difference; Fe3+ = [FeT - Fe2+] nanomolar (nM)
NitriteNitrite; single measurement; dissolved, filtered through 0.20 micrometer filters nanomolar (nM)
CommentsNotes/comments about the sampling events unitless


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Instruments

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
AS-ALK2 Apollo Scitech titrator
Generic Instrument Name
Automatic titrator
Generic Instrument Description
Instruments that incrementally add quantified aliquots of a reagent to a sample until the end-point of a chemical reaction is reached.

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
In situ pump profiler
Generic Instrument Name
Pump
Dataset-specific Description
Profiling was conducted with a pump profiler for using solid state gold-amalgam electrodes for voltammetry (Luther et al, 2008; Analytical Instrument Systems DLK-60). See Hudson et al (2019), doi: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.02.076.
Generic Instrument Description
A pump is a device that moves fluids (liquids or gases), or sometimes slurries, by mechanical action. Pumps can be classified into three major groups according to the method they use to move the fluid: direct lift, displacement, and gravity pumps

Dataset-specific Instrument Name
infrared CO2 analyzer (AS-C3, Apollo Scitech)
Generic Instrument Name
CO2 Analyzer
Generic Instrument Description
Measures atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration.


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Deployments

HRS1806

Website
Platform
R/V Hugh R. Sharp
Start Date
2018-07-28
End Date
2018-08-04
Description
Additional cruise information is available from the Rolling Deck to Repository (R2R): https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/HRS1806


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Project Information

Collaborative Research: Transformations of soluble Mn(III) along horizontal and vertical oxygen gradients (Manganese3)

Coverage: Broadkill River wetland, the Chesapeake Bay, the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, and of 9deg 50' N East Pacific Rise


NSF Award Abstract:
Manganese (Mn) is an important trace nutrient for biological growth in marine organisms. In the past, all Mn dissolved in seawater was thought to exist in only one chemical form: Mn(II). Recent work in waters and sediments with little or no oxygen has shown that Mn(III) can be the dominant form of dissolved Mn and can even be present in oxygenated water if attached to specific organic molecules called ligands. This research will further investigate these discoveries, aiming to quantify the chemical and microbiological processes responsible for Mn(III) cycling under varying oxygen concentrations. The research will compare field sites in the Broadkill River wetland, the Chesapeake Bay, and the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary; measuring the water column and sediments known to have strong oxygen gradients and different organic carbon sources that could change the availability and binding strength of ligands that would stabilize dissolved Mn(III). In some chemical forms, Mn tends to act like iron, so this research may have broader implications by helping marine chemists to understand more about iron cycling in similar oxygen gradients. With growing concerns over diminished oxygen concentrations (hypoxia) in the ocean, and particularly in coastal regions, understanding the reactions of Mn(III) with organic ligands across oxygen gradients could become important for understanding Mn availability to organisms. The project includes support for the participation and mentoring of one graduate student and two postdoctoral researchers, and there will be a U.S.-Canada collaboration. A variety of public outreach activities are planned with a K-12 teacher to be selected as a participant on a research cruise.

Mn(III) has only recently been recognized as an important redox state for Mn in seawater. Previously, it was widely accepted that all Mn that passes through a 0.2 or 0.4 µm filter is dissolved Mn(II) while the retained portion is solid Mn(III, IV) oxide. Research in the Black Sea, the Baltic Sea, and the Chesapeake Bay has shown that soluble Mn(III) can be up to 100% of the dissolved Mn in the water column. Also, Mn(III) can exist as complexes with organic ligands in oxygenated seawater. This project will quantify and constrain the mechanisms surrounding weak and strong Mn(III) ligand transformations across vertical and horizontal oxygen gradients. Field sites to be studied include systems with a variety of organic carbon sources and oxygen dynamics: the Lower St. Lawrence Estuary, Chesapeake Bay, and Broadkill River wetland estuary. This research will continue to inform the fundamental shift that is taking place in our current understanding of Mn biogeochemistry in coastal systems. The results should also be applicable to redox processes involving Fe(III) ligand transformations, since Mn and Fe tend to exhibit similar redox chemistry under similar environmental conditions.



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Funding

Funding SourceAward
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)
NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE)

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