1b:I[42426,["/_next/static/immutable/chunks/1xctgzqre-wsy.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/06_-wz6pdtp2b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/30e52g49hg40p.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/02yq6tul2z-oh.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/10bx_ec2vj7n_.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/33bfn03fo8xnt.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/0tfjf78scu61b.js","/_next/static/immutable/chunks/31xnvej4n1bi9.js"],"default"] 1c:T874,

Six lineages of each of two strains of the genus Ochromonas (CCMP1393, and CCMP2951) have been evolving at three temperatures, the ancestral temperature of 24C, and cooler and warmer temperatures of 18C and 30C. A third strain, CCMP 1391 does not survive at 30C and is only evolving at 18C and 24C. The experiment is run at two light levels, 100uE and 50uE. Cultures are maintained in batch culture in K medium made by adding pre‐mixed nutrients (ordered from the NCMA) to 0.2 μm filtered Santa Barbara coastal seawater in three light- and temperature-controlled incubators.

Evolving lineages are regularly tested for several characteristics including growth rate, cell size, chlorophyll content, and photosynthetic efficiency. To show that characteristic changes are indeed from an evolutionary response as opposed to phenotypic plasticity, reciprocal transplant assays are conducted every three months. This involved placing subsamples of each evolving lineage into all three temperatures, and comparing their performance in characteristic tests (growth rate, photosynthetic efficiency etc.).

Sampling and analytical procedures:

Guava count:
Cell density and relative size are measured every day for a 4-day growth period using a Guava easyCyte Flow Cytometer (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX).

Chlorophyll Extractions:
Cellular chlorophyll-a (chl-a) content is measured by filtering cells onto a 25mm-diameter GF/F filter (Whatman) and extracting for 24 hours in a 90% acetone solution. Chl-a concentration in the acetone solution is read using a Trilogy fluorometer (Turner Designs, San Jose, CA).

FIRe Dark-acclimated Fv/Fm measurement:
Photosynthetic efficiency is measured using a mini Fluorescence Induction and Relaxation (FIRe) system (custom built by M. Gorbunov, Rutgers University).

Known Issues/Problems:
There was no chlorophyll collected during the first three backtransfers. Some FvFm data is missing because the FIRe was unable to process the data.

1d:T10a4,NSF Award Abstract: Aquatic ecosystems host a wide variety of single-celled, microscopic organisms. Many of these species live near the surface of the water, where they grow and reproduce using different metabolic strategies that shape their place in the marine food web. For example, biologists have traditionally grouped planktonic microbes into either primary producers (which use photosynthesis to create new organic matter) or heterotrophs (which eat organic matter - such as the bodies - produced by other organisms). However, a large number of species are actually mixotrophic: they "mix" these two forms of metabolism by simultaneously conducting photosynthesis and eating smaller cells, including bacteria. Furthermore, many mixotrophs are metabolically flexible: they may rely more or less on each source of metabolism depending on environmental conditions. Because photosynthesis (which takes carbon out of the atmosphere and locks it into organic matter) and heterotrophy (which respires organic matter back into carbon dioxide) control whether or not oceanic food webs act as carbon sinks (having a net removal of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere), understanding mixotroph metabolism is critical to predicting the effects of marine plankton on atmospheric carbon. This project advances understanding of mixotroph metabolism by quantifying the extent to which mixotrophs can alter their reliance on photosynthesis over short and long timescales. The project tests how quickly mixotrophs can adapt to both warmer and colder water conditions, and how these adaptations alter their role in the carbon cycle. Researchers - including graduate students, a postdoctoral researcher, and undergraduate trainees - will measure the physiological responses of experimentally evolved mixotrophs and use mathematical models to connect these changes to global oceanic carbon cycling. As data are collected, they are shared with the public through outreach seminars, annual open house events, and weekly scientific presentations at the local Santa Barbara Museum of Natural History. In order to predict biologically mediated feedbacks in the climate system, we must understand how marine plankton will respond to future ocean conditions. While a number of studies have sought to quantify the potential evolutionary response of phytoplankton, much less is known about the impacts of shifting conditions (e.g., increased temperature) on mixotrophs. What data are available suggest that mixotrophs may modulate a positive climate feedback loop: when warmed, mixotrophs become more heterotrophic, thus reducing their contribution to the biological pump and enhancing local respiration of organic carbon. Warming may also result in reductions in cell size, reducing sinking fluxes and carbon export from the upper ocean. Furthermore, because the predicted increase in oceanic stratification is expected to favor mixotrophs, their metabolic responses may be increasingly significant to understanding the global carbon cycle. The PI of this project is experimentally evolving mixotrophs under a range of temperature conditions in a fully factorial design that also manipulates the availability of light (photosynthesis) and prey (heterotrophy). She quantifies the carbon budget, grazing activity, nutrient content, and grazer palatability of evolved lineages in order to estimate the impact of any observed adaptations on carbon cycling. Specifically, the investigator asks how evolved lineages compare to ancestral lineages in their ability to tolerate altered thermal conditions, and connects differences in fitness to shifts in reliance on photosynthesis versus heterotrophy. Simultaneously, she incorporates a mixotrophy module into a global ocean biogeochemistry model, allowing the quantification of the impact of mixotrophs with either contemporary or evolved physiological traits. This work will provide some of the first known data on mixotroph plastic and evolutionary responses, and allow the scaling of these responses to their potential impacts on upper ocean biogeochemistry. This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.6:["$","$L1b",null,{"dataset":{"_id":"854010","description":"","problem":"","acquisition":"$1c","processing":"

Data processing:
\nGuava Suite Software 3.4 (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX), fpro.exe

FIRe Analysis: To run the analysis program on a separate PC, copy the program (fpro.exe), together with the file EGAVGA.bgi (a graphic driver). The program fprope.exe must be stored in the same directory as the raw FIRe data files. Use DOSBox emulator to run fpro.exe.

BCO-DMO Processing:
\n- concatenated separate .csv files into one dataset;
\n- re-named fields to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions (replaced special characters with underscores).

\n","bcodmoProcessing":"","title":"Cell abundance, forward scatter, chlorophyll, growth rate, and FvFm.0 measurements from reciprocal transplant assays","nickname":"Cell abundance and chlorophyll content","dataUrl":"","currentState":"Final","currentStateId":"7","validated":true,"restricted":false,"version":"1","version_date":"2021-06-17T04:00:00.000Z","abstract":"This dataset includes cell abundance, forward scatter, chlorophyll, growth rate and FvFm.0 measurements from reciprocal transplant assays.","citation":"Moeller, H. (2021) Cell abundance, forward scatter, chlorophyll, growth rate, and FvFm.0 measurements from reciprocal transplant assays. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 1) Version Date 2021-06-17 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854010.1 [access date]","citationParts":{"identifier":"doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854010.1","versionDate":"2021-06-17","versionId":"1","year":"2021","title":"Cell abundance, forward scatter, chlorophyll, growth rate, and FvFm.0 measurements from reciprocal transplant assays","authors":"Moeller, H.","publisher":"Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)."},"doi":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854010.1","release_date":null,"field_dataset_location":"","temporal_extent":{"start":null,"end":null},"temporal":{"resolution":"","type":"","start":{"value":"","label":""},"end":{"value":"","label":""}},"spatial_extent":{"shape":"","center":{"latitude":0,"longitude":0},"wkt":"","north":0,"east":0,"south":0,"west":0},"dataset_type":["experimental"],"keywords":["oceans"],"data_files":[{"id":"903378","title":"cell_abund.csv","url":"https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854010/file/wnnxz7DIGAL3JP/cell_abund.csv","showTableUrl":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854010/data/view/903378","description":"Primary data file for dataset ID 854010","filename":"cell_abund.csv","bytesize":307506,"checksum":{"value":"6b11b1a999f7902bebd3f1e7080ea812","Algorithm":{"_id":"190","name":"MD5"}},"mimetype":"text/csv","fileType":{"_id":"192","name":"Comma Separated Values (.csv)"},"isErddap":"","date":"","isPublicDuringEmbargo":false,"primaryDataFile":true,"showTable":true,"restricted":false}],"supplemental_files":[],"roles":[{"role":{"_id":"138","name":"Principal Investigator"},"performedBy":{"_id":"819829","name":"Holly V. Moeller"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"76","name":"University of California-Santa Barbara"}},{"role":{"_id":"145","name":"BCO-DMO Data Manager"},"performedBy":{"_id":"51498","name":"Shannon Rauch"},"performedAtOrganization":{"_id":"191","name":"Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution"}}],"deployments":[],"funding":[{"_id":"819826","name":"OCE-1851194","fundingSource":{"_id":"355","name":"NSF Division of Ocean Sciences"},"url":"https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1851194"}],"instruments":[{"_id":"854018","name":"Guava easyCyte flow cytometer","description":"Guava easyCyte flow cytometer (Luminex Corporation, Austin, TX)","type_id":"660","type_name":"Flow Cytometer","type_desc":"Flow cytometers (FC or FCM) are automated instruments that quantitate properties of single cells, one cell at a time. They can measure cell size, cell granularity, the amounts of cell components such as total DNA, newly synthesized DNA, gene expression as the amount messenger RNA for a particular gene, amounts of specific surface receptors, amounts of intracellular proteins, or transient signalling events in living cells. Description from: http://www.bio.umass.edu/micro/immunology/facs542/facswhat.htm","type_acronym":"Flow Cytometer"},{"_id":"854015","name":"mini-FIRe","description":"mini-FIRe (Fluorescence Induction and Relaxation System) custom built by M. Gorbunov, Rutgers University.","type_id":"484","type_name":"Fluorometer","type_desc":"A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.","type_acronym":"Fluorometer"},{"_id":"854017","name":"Trilogy fluorometer","description":"Trilogy fluorometer (Turner Designs, San Jose, CA)","type_id":"484","type_name":"Fluorometer","type_desc":"A fluorometer or fluorimeter is a device used to measure parameters of fluorescence: its intensity and wavelength distribution of emission spectrum after excitation by a certain spectrum of light. The instrument is designed to measure the amount of stimulated electromagnetic radiation produced by pulses of electromagnetic radiation emitted into a water sample or in situ.","type_acronym":"Fluorometer"}],"parameters":[{"_id":"854020","name":"Strain","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

The strain of Ochromonas

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"994","name":"taxon","description":"

taxonomic group or entity. This may be a family, class, genus, species, etc.; usually this parameter will contain a mixture of taxonomic entities.

"}},{"_id":"854021","name":"Light","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Light intensity

","units":{"_id":"","name":"micromoles quanta per square meter per second (umol quanta m-2 s-1)"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"854022","name":"Ev","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Temperature that the strain was evolved at

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius (°C)"},"type":{"_id":"553763","name":"temperature","description":"

Temperature in degrees C of a sample or other item. A generic temperature measurement.

Note: This is NOT water temp or sea surface temp

"}},{"_id":"854023","name":"Acc","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Temperature that the strain was briefly acclimated to (for 5 days) prior to measurements

","units":{"_id":"","name":"degrees Celsius (°C)"},"type":{"_id":"553763","name":"temperature","description":"

Temperature in degrees C of a sample or other item. A generic temperature measurement.

Note: This is NOT water temp or sea surface temp

"}},{"_id":"854024","name":"Rep","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Replicate; Which of 6 replicates the data were collected from

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"953","name":"replicate","description":"

an identifier used to distinguish between one or more replicate samples

"}},{"_id":"854025","name":"Week","format":"","frictionlessType":"integer","description":"

Weeks since start of experiment

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"1838","name":"time_elapsed","description":"

Elapsed time. Units can be seconds, minutes, etc.

"}},{"_id":"854026","name":"D1Pop","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day one population size

","units":{"_id":"","name":"cells per milliliter (Cells/mL)"},"type":{"_id":"735","name":"abundance","description":"

Amount (number, mass, diversity/species variation) of the specific taxa/group counted per unit area or volume

"}},{"_id":"854027","name":"D2Pop","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day two population size

","units":{"_id":"","name":"cells per milliliter (Cells/mL)"},"type":{"_id":"735","name":"abundance","description":"

Amount (number, mass, diversity/species variation) of the specific taxa/group counted per unit area or volume

"}},{"_id":"854028","name":"D3Pop","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day three population size

","units":{"_id":"","name":"cells per milliliter (Cells/mL)"},"type":{"_id":"735","name":"abundance","description":"

Amount (number, mass, diversity/species variation) of the specific taxa/group counted per unit area or volume

"}},{"_id":"854029","name":"D4Pop","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day four population size

","units":{"_id":"","name":"cells per milliliter (Cells/mL)"},"type":{"_id":"735","name":"abundance","description":"

Amount (number, mass, diversity/species variation) of the specific taxa/group counted per unit area or volume

"}},{"_id":"854030","name":"D1FSC","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day one forward scatter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"relative fluorescence units"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"854031","name":"D2FSC","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day two forward scatter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"relative fluorescence units"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"854032","name":"D3FSC","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day three forward scatter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"relative fluorescence units"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"854033","name":"D4FSC","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day four forward scatter

","units":{"_id":"","name":"relative fluorescence units"},"type":{"_id":"1073","name":"no_bcodmo_term","description":"

An association with a community-wide standard parameter has not yet been made.

"}},{"_id":"854034","name":"Growth_Rate","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Rate of growth of cell cultures

","units":{"_id":"","name":"per day (d^(-1))"},"type":{"_id":"512798","name":"growth","description":"

The act or process of increasing in physical size. Exact definition and use are dataset dependent. See dataset documentation for specific details.

"}},{"_id":"854035","name":"PE_Count","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Cell density at the time of the PE measurement

","units":{"_id":"","name":"cells per milliliter (Cells/mL)"},"type":{"_id":"806","name":"density","description":"

density, in mass per unit volume

"}},{"_id":"854036","name":"Chl_a_read","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Amount of chlorophyll in the sample

","units":{"_id":"","name":"nanograms chl-a per milliliter (ng chl-a mL-1)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

CAUTION Within JGOFS MERGED water column products: this parameter is derived from HPLC methodology and the units are nanograms/liter; however; this parameter name is also used for a variety of water and nonwater column sampling; derived via the fluorometric method; units will also vary.

"}},{"_id":"854037","name":"Chl_a_per_cell","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Amount of chlorophyll a per cell

","units":{"_id":"","name":"picograms chl-a per cell (pg chl-a cell-1)"},"type":{"_id":"766","name":"chlorophyll a","description":"

Total chlorophyll a pigment. See dataset for units of measurement; often reported in: milligrams per cubic meter (mg/m3); micrograms/liter (ug/L); nanograms/liter (ng/L).

"}},{"_id":"854038","name":"FvFm_0","format":"","frictionlessType":"number","description":"

Day 0 Maximum quantum yield of photochemistry in PSII, measured in a dark-adapted state (dimensionless). This parameter characterizes the efficiency of primary photosynthetic reactions.

","units":{"_id":"","name":"dimensionless"},"type":{"_id":"642868","name":"Fv_Fm","description":"

The difference between maximum fluorescence and minimum fluorescence is Fv, or variable fluorescence. Fv/Fm is a normalized ratio created by dividing variable fluorescence by maximum fluorescence.

"}},{"_id":"854039","name":"file_name","format":"","frictionlessType":"string","description":"

Name of the original csv file

","units":{"_id":"","name":"unitless"},"type":{"_id":"659543","name":"file_name","description":"

File name

"}}],"related_publications":[],"related_datasets":[],"services":[{"grouping":"","items":[{"name":"View Data","description":"An in-browser view of the primary tabular data file","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854010/data/view","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"}]},{"grouping":"Metadata","items":[{"name":"HTML","description":"A simple HTML page of the dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854010/description","contentType":"text/html","actionType":"view"},{"name":"PDF","description":"A PDF of the HTML dataset metadata","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854010/Dataset_description.pdf","contentType":"application/pdf","actionType":"download"},{"name":"ISO 19115-2 (NOAA Profile)","description":"","url":"https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/854010/iso","contentType":"application/xml","actionType":"download"}]}],"programs":[],"projects":[{"_id":"819827","name":"BEE: Testing the evolutionary responses of mixotrophs to future ocean conditions","acronym":"MixoEvo","description":"$1d"}],"archives":[{"id_value":"10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854010.1","url":"https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.854010.1","date_assigned":"2021-06-29","version_date":"2021-06-17","archiver":"Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)","archiver_id":"272"}],"license":{"name":"Creative Commons Attribution 4.0","id":"CC-BY-4.0","uri":"https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","spdxUri":"https://spdx.org/licenses/CC-BY-4.0"},"metrics":{"views":{"count":174},"downloads":{"count":359}}},"fileId":"903378"}]