http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/856409
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2021-07-23
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
In situ experimentally determined dissolution rates of biogenic calcites along a North Pacific transect between Hawaii and Alaska (KM1712 expedition) in August 2017
2022-08-03
publication
2022-08-03
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2021-08-20
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.856409.1
William M. Berelson
University of Southern California
principalInvestigator
Jess F. Adkins
California Institute of Technology
principalInvestigator
Sijia Dong
California Institute of Technology
principalInvestigator
John D. Naviaux
California Institute of Technology
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Berelson, W. M., Adkins, J. F., Subhas, A. V., Dong, S., Naviaux, J. D. (2022) In situ experimentally determined dissolution rates of biogenic calcites along a North Pacific transect between Hawaii and Alaska (KM1712 expedition) in August 2017. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 2) Version Date 2022-08-03 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.856409.2 [access date]
In situ dissolution rates of biogenic calcites Dataset Description: Methods and Sampling: <p>The methodology for measuring dissolution rate follows published methods in Naviaux et al., 2019 and Dong et al., 2019. The ratio of the dissolving solid was measured following methods of Subhas et al., 2018.</p>
<p>Dissolution experiments were conducted <em>in situ</em> using modified Niskin incubators, described in detail by Naviaux et al. (2019) and Dong et al. (2019). In this study, we dissolved bleached, ¹³C-labeled <em>E. huxleyi </em>liths. A total of 20 coccolith dissolution experiments were conducted at depths between 240 to 1000 meters at Stations 2 to 5 with temperatures ranging from 2.4 to 4.8 degrees Celsius and Ω<sub>calcite</sub> from 0.96 to 0.67. We conducted one experiment with a planktic foraminiferal assemblage, cultured and ¹³C -labeled as described in Subhas et al. (2018). Briefly, roughly 0.5 to 1.5 milligrams (mg) of labeled biogenic calcite was sealed in between 47mm "Nuclepore" polycarbonate membrane filters (0.8 um pore size). These packets were then mounted inside the Niskin incubators. The incubators were hung on a hydrowire, sent down to depth, and triggered closed. The Niskin reactors remained closed at depth for 24 to 58 hours and were sampled for silica, SRP, nitrate, alkalinity, pH, and δ¹³C -DIC upon recovery. Niskin data were quality checked by comparing SRP, silica, and nitrate to ambient water-column values obtained via CTD/rosette deployments on the same cruise. Saturation states in the Niskin reactors were determined from Alk-pH pairs, input into CO2SYS along with the temperature, salinity, depth, SRP, and silica concentrations at which the reactor was deployed. Dissolution rates were calculated by taking the difference between the final incubator and ambient water column ¹³C/¹²C ratios, multiplied by the [DIC] and the mass of seawater (1.126 kg) inside the incubators, and divided by the incubation time. Rates calculated in this way are in units of g Ca¹³CO₃ g CaCO₃⁻¹d⁻¹. Biogenic materials were not 100% labeled and rates were scaled for the extent of isotope labeling following Subhas et al. (2018). Briefly, when the amount of ¹³C in the dissolving material is substantially enriched above natural abundance (¹³C/¹²C~0.01), isotope ratio differences can be multiplied by a correction factor of (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em>+1)/<em>R<sub>s</sub></em>, where <em>R<sub>s</sub></em> is the ¹³C/¹²C ratio of the dissolving solid (i.e. a reduced form of Eq. 3 from Subhas et al. (2018) when <em>R<sub>s</sub></em> &gt;&gt; <em>R₁</em>,<em> R₂</em>). One batch of <em>E. huxleyi</em> was used for the majority of the dissolution rates shown here (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em> = 0.928). One experiment using the original batch of bleached <em>E. huxleyi</em> (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em> = 20, Subhas et al. 2018) was also run. The planktic foraminifera assemblage from Subhas et al. (2018) was used (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em> = 1.6). Dissolution rates were normalized further by the specific surface areas of <em>E. huxlyei</em> liths (10.5 m²g) and planktic foraminifera (4.3, Subhas et al., 2018).</p>
<p><strong>Problem Report:</strong><br />
The saturation state of the planktic experiment is anomalously low (0.64). Based on co-located coccolith and calcite dissolution experiments, both the in situ pH and alkalinity appear lower than they should be for that depth. We applied a correction factor of 0.06 to the in situ Omega value to correct for this (i.e. Oca_use = Oca + Oca_corr).</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1220600 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1220600
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1220302 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1220302
completed
William M. Berelson
University of Southern California
310-804-8981
Department of Earth Sciences (ZHS 227) 3651 Trousdale Pky.
Los Angeles
CA
90089-0740
USA
berelson@usc.edu
pointOfContact
Jess F. Adkins
California Institute of Technology
626-395-8550
MC 100-23, 1200 E. California Blvd
Pasadena
CA
91125
USA
jess@gps.caltech.edu
pointOfContact
Sijia Dong
California Institute of Technology
213-359-9725
1200 E California Blvd. MC 131-24
Pasadena
CA
91125
USA
sijiadong@nju.edu.cn
pointOfContact
John D. Naviaux
California Institute of Technology
jnaviaux@gmail.com
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 2
Unknown
Station
Lat
Long
Cast_ID
In_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Out_ISO_DateTime_UTC
sample_id
Niskin
TALK
pH
DIC
Depth
Temp
Salinity
Oca
Oar
Rate_ggd
Rate_gcm2d
Rate_error_ggd
Rate_error_gcm2d
log_rate_gcm2d
log_rate_error_gcm2d
Oca_corr
Rs
Modified Niskin incubators
theme
None, User defined
station
latitude
longitude
cast
ISO_DateTime_UTC
sample identification
bottle
total alkalinity (TA)
pH
dissolved inorganic Carbon
depth
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity
Calcite Saturation State
Aragonite Saturation State
Calcium Carbonate
No BCO-DMO term
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
In-situ incubator
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
KM1712
service
Deployment Activity
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
Ocean Acidification - Collaborative Research: Measuring the kinetics of CaCO3 dissolution in seawater using novel isotope labeling, laboratory experiments, and in situ experiments
https://osprey.bco-dmo.org/project/824992
Ocean Acidification - Collaborative Research: Measuring the kinetics of CaCO3 dissolution in seawater using novel isotope labeling, laboratory experiments, and in situ experiments
<p><em>NSF Award Abstract:</em><br />
Ocean acidification by anthropogenic carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions to the atmosphere will ultimately be balanced by sedimentary carbonate dissolution. The time constant for this reaction, however, is ca. 6,000 years. So, in the coming decades, the ocean's response to CO2 uptake will be based on the kinetics of supply and removal, not on the thermodynamics of the system. Unfortunately our understanding of the basic rate law for carbonate dissolution in the ocean is lacking. The order of the rate law is still argued to be anywhere from 1 to 4.5; this range represents a major difference in the sensitivity of the system to small changes in saturation state. The relative importance of aragonite vs. calcite dissolution, the influence of magnesium content in the minerals, and the sign of the role of organic matter are all still unknowns in the modern ocean. Of course, a truly useful rate law would be able to combine the relative importance of all of these factors into a predictive rule for how dissolution will respond to ocean acidification.</p>
<p>In this study, researchers at the California Institute of Technology and the University of Southern California will address this problem with a novel set of laboratory and in situ experiments that use carbon-13 (13C) tracer labeled biogenic carbonates to measure the dissolution rate under a wide range of saturation states. They will assemble a set of rules that will govern carbonate dissolution in sinking particles and in marine sediments. This will require two sub-projects. First, they will culture several different species of biogenic carbonate producers in the lab under the influence of a strong 13C label. With enrichments of around 30,000o/oo in the calcium carbonate (CaCO3), they will measure the change in dissolved inorganic carbon-13 at several time points over 1-2 weeks in specially built high-pressure reaction chambers. The construction of a prototype chamber is completed and it provides the means, for the first time, to control carbonate saturation state by changing seawater chemistry, pressure, and temperature independently. Experiments with pure 13C labeled inorganic CaCO3 will provide the inorganic reference frame for the biogenic carbonate results. Secondly, to check the lab-based rate data, they will also use labeled biogenic particles in a simple Niskin bottle based reactor that will be deployable on regular hydrowire. The accumulation of 13C in the Niskin dissolved inorganic carbon over 1-2 days will provide an initial rate that is directly comparable to the more extensive laboratory study on the same sorts of materials. Using the San Pedro Basin as a test bed for these in situ experiments will sample a range of saturation states in a series of 3-day cruises. This high-sensitivity approach should allow the team to unpack the various components of carbonate dissolution in seawater under rising CO2 concentrations.</p>
<p>Broader Impacts. Producing a better rate law for carbonate dissolution will have broad implications for the fields of marine chemistry, marine biology, paleoceanography, and for potential societal response to ocean acidification. This rate law sits at the heart of the marine carbonate cycle. In addition, this work will benefit at least two graduate students and promote US-Israel collaborations via the inclusion of Jonathan Erez and his students. The specific involvement of underrepresented high school students in scientific/oceanographic research is built into the efforts of this project as well as ongoing efforts by both PIs to communicate their science to a broad array of non-scientific audiences.</p>
CaCO3 dissolution
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
-155.283
-148.3
27.75
49.683
2017-08-06
2017-08-26
North Pacific, 150 W, 20 to 60 N, all depths
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from In situ experimentally determined dissolution rates of biogenic calcites along a North Pacific transect between Hawaii and Alaska (KM1712 expedition) in August 2017
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877624.rdf
Name: Station
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Station number occupied (1-5)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877625.rdf
Name: Lat
Units: degrees North
Description: <p>Station latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877626.rdf
Name: Long
Units: degrees East
Description: <p>Station longitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877627.rdf
Name: Cast_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cast type: FA = Floating array; HW = hydrowire</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877628.rdf
Name: In_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) array deployed in ISO 8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877629.rdf
Name: Out_ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and time (UTC) array recovered in ISO 8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mmZ</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877630.rdf
Name: sample_id
Units: unitless
Description: <p>sample type: benthic = benthic foraminifera Amphistegina spp.; ehuxleyi = newly cultured 13C-cultured E. huxleyi; ehuxlyei_orig = original batch of 13C-cultured E. huxleyi; planktic_assemblage = planktic foraminifera assemblage; calcite = 13C-labeled sigma Aldrich inorganic calcite; aragonite = gel-grown 13C-labeled aragonite</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877631.rdf
Name: Niskin
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Niskin bottle number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877632.rdf
Name: TALK
Units: microequivalents per kilogram seawater
Description: <p>Total alkalinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877633.rdf
Name: pH
Units: unitless
Description: <p>pH total scale at zero pressure, 25C, and in situ salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877634.rdf
Name: DIC
Units: micromoles per kilogram seawater
Description: <p>Calculated DIC</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877635.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Niskin depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877636.rdf
Name: Temp
Units: degrees Celsius
Description: <p>In situ temperature</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877637.rdf
Name: Salinity
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Salinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877638.rdf
Name: Oca
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Calcite saturation state calculated via pH and total alkalinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877639.rdf
Name: Oar
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Aragonite saturation state calculated via pH and total alkalinity</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877640.rdf
Name: Rate_ggd
Units: grams per gram per day
Description: <p>Dissolution rate normalized by carbonate mass</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877641.rdf
Name: Rate_gcm2d
Units: grams per square centimeter per day
Description: <p>Dissolution rate normalized by carbonate mass and surface area</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877642.rdf
Name: Rate_error_ggd
Units: grams per gram per day
Description: <p>Dissolution rate error for Rate_ggd</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877643.rdf
Name: Rate_error_gcm2d
Units: grams per square centimeter per day
Description: <p>Dissolution rate error for Rate_gcm2d</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877644.rdf
Name: log_rate_gcm2d
Units: grams per square centimeter per day
Description: <p>Log dissolution rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877645.rdf
Name: log_rate_error_gcm2d
Units: grams per square centimeter per day
Description: <p>Log dissolution rate</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877646.rdf
Name: Oca_corr
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Omega correction factor, zero except for one planktic foram assemblate experiment.</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/877647.rdf
Name: Rs
Units: moles 13C per mole 12C
Description: <p>13C ratio of the dissolving solid. Inf = infinity, meaning that there is no 12C (100% 13C-labeled)</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
12706
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/29186/1/dataset-856409_situ-dissolution-rates-biogenic-calcites__v2.tsv
download
11768
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/bitstream/1912/27459/1/dataset-856409_situ-dissolution-rates-biogenic-calcites__v1.tsv
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.856409.1
download
onLine
dataset
<p>The methodology for measuring dissolution rate follows published methods in Naviaux et al., 2019 and Dong et al., 2019. The ratio of the dissolving solid was measured following methods of Subhas et al., 2018.</p>
<p>Dissolution experiments were conducted <em>in situ</em> using modified Niskin incubators, described in detail by Naviaux et al. (2019) and Dong et al. (2019). In this study, we dissolved bleached, ¹³C-labeled <em>E. huxleyi </em>liths. A total of 20 coccolith dissolution experiments were conducted at depths between 240 to 1000 meters at Stations 2 to 5 with temperatures ranging from 2.4 to 4.8 degrees Celsius and Ω<sub>calcite</sub> from 0.96 to 0.67. We conducted one experiment with a planktic foraminiferal assemblage, cultured and ¹³C -labeled as described in Subhas et al. (2018). Briefly, roughly 0.5 to 1.5 milligrams (mg) of labeled biogenic calcite was sealed in between 47mm "Nuclepore" polycarbonate membrane filters (0.8 um pore size). These packets were then mounted inside the Niskin incubators. The incubators were hung on a hydrowire, sent down to depth, and triggered closed. The Niskin reactors remained closed at depth for 24 to 58 hours and were sampled for silica, SRP, nitrate, alkalinity, pH, and δ¹³C -DIC upon recovery. Niskin data were quality checked by comparing SRP, silica, and nitrate to ambient water-column values obtained via CTD/rosette deployments on the same cruise. Saturation states in the Niskin reactors were determined from Alk-pH pairs, input into CO2SYS along with the temperature, salinity, depth, SRP, and silica concentrations at which the reactor was deployed. Dissolution rates were calculated by taking the difference between the final incubator and ambient water column ¹³C/¹²C ratios, multiplied by the [DIC] and the mass of seawater (1.126 kg) inside the incubators, and divided by the incubation time. Rates calculated in this way are in units of g Ca¹³CO₃ g CaCO₃⁻¹d⁻¹. Biogenic materials were not 100% labeled and rates were scaled for the extent of isotope labeling following Subhas et al. (2018). Briefly, when the amount of ¹³C in the dissolving material is substantially enriched above natural abundance (¹³C/¹²C~0.01), isotope ratio differences can be multiplied by a correction factor of (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em>+1)/<em>R<sub>s</sub></em>, where <em>R<sub>s</sub></em> is the ¹³C/¹²C ratio of the dissolving solid (i.e. a reduced form of Eq. 3 from Subhas et al. (2018) when <em>R<sub>s</sub></em> &gt;&gt; <em>R₁</em>,<em> R₂</em>). One batch of <em>E. huxleyi</em> was used for the majority of the dissolution rates shown here (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em> = 0.928). One experiment using the original batch of bleached <em>E. huxleyi</em> (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em> = 20, Subhas et al. 2018) was also run. The planktic foraminifera assemblage from Subhas et al. (2018) was used (<em>R<sub>s</sub></em> = 1.6). Dissolution rates were normalized further by the specific surface areas of <em>E. huxlyei</em> liths (10.5 m²g) and planktic foraminifera (4.3, Subhas et al., 2018).</p>
<p><strong>Problem Report:</strong><br />
The saturation state of the planktic experiment is anomalously low (0.64). Based on co-located coccolith and calcite dissolution experiments, both the in situ pH and alkalinity appear lower than they should be for that depth. We applied a correction factor of 0.06 to the in situ Omega value to correct for this (i.e. Oca_use = Oca + Oca_corr).</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p><strong>BCO-DMO Processing:<br />
Version 1: (2021-08-18)</strong><br />
- Modified column names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;<br />
- Converted dates to ISO8601 format.</p>
<p><strong>Version 2: (2022-08-03)</strong><br />
- Processed new data file received on 2022-08-03;<br />
- Modified column names to comply with BCO-DMO naming conventions;<br />
- Converted dates to ISO8601 format.</p>
<p><strong>Version 2 contains the following updates/corrections:</strong><br />
- In version 1, significant figures appeared cut off in the data. This is corrected in version 2.<br />
- The rate data were pulled from the wrong column from the raw data files and so they were off by a factor of ~2. All of the rates have been updated in version 2.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
Modified Niskin incubators
Modified Niskin incubators
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Modified Niskin incubators PI Supplied Instrument Description:A 1.6-L Niskin incubator was modified by connecting a PVC sample holder and a Seabird pump to the Niskin via threaded connections and Tygon tubing. The sample holder accommodated packets of 13C-labeled calcium carbonate, and the pump moved seawater from the Niskin interior through the sample holder and back into the Niskin interior. The Seabird pump was run using a custom-built aluminum battery housing strapped to the modified Niskin. See Naviaux et al., (2019) for details. Instrument Name: In-situ incubator Instrument Short Name:in-situ incubator Instrument Description: A device on a ship or in the laboratory that holds water samples under controlled conditions of temperature and possibly illumination. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/82/
Cruise: KM1712
KM1712
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel
KM1712
William M. Berelson
University of Southern California
R/V Kilo Moana
Community Standard Description
International Council for the Exploration of the Sea
R/V Kilo Moana
vessel