| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Roman, Christopher Neil | University of Rhode Island (URI) | Principal Investigator |
| Rauch, Shannon | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Data were collected on R/V Sikuliaq cruise SKQ201701S in the Eastern Tropical North Pacific during January and February 2017. The GPS data are from the ship's data stream. The winch payout was logged from the winch LCI unit. The Wire Flyer position was calculated using measurements of the clump weight depth and the wire payout. The layback distance is the Flyer’s distance behind the ship. Refer to the Supplemental Files for more information on the Wire Flyer.
BCO-DMO Processing:
- concatenated data from 12 separate files into one dataset;
- created new column "deployment_id" (based on original file name);
- converted date/time field to ISO8601 format.
| File |
|---|
gps_2017.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 75.65 MB) MD5:56a1d15c6ad39e7a4351bcf5bc8fedfb Primary data file for dataset ID 859698 |
| File |
|---|
SKQ201701S Wire Flyer Summary Plots filename: summary_plots.zip (ZIP Archive (ZIP), 16.49 MB) MD5:81e1ebe72d60bf253110a9aa93a5fc21 Summary plots of data from 12 Wire Flyer deployments conducted on R/V Sikuliaq cruise SKQ201701S. There is one PDF for each deployment. The file naming convention is YYYYMMDD_HHMMSS, set at the start of the deployment, e.g. 20170125_151748. The times are all in GMT, not local time.
|
Wire Flyer Launch and Recover Document filename: flyer_launch_and_recover_document.pdf (Portable Document Format (.pdf), 7.26 MB) MD5:f9274b8c8b003b9a39083191e4f2c76b Document describing the Wire Flyer launch and recovery procedures. |
Wire Flyer Overview 2019 filename: Wire_flyer_overview_2019.pdf (Portable Document Format (.pdf), 15.84 MB) MD5:7c3c14f839142f115c5aa467894395d7 Slides from a presentation by Christopher Roman titled "The Wire Flyer vehicle system and
high resolution hydrographic sections". |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| deployment_id | identifier for the deployment; indicates the start date and time of deployment in format: YYYYMMDD_hhmmss (time zone is GMT) | unitless |
| layback | distance to the Wire Flyer behind the ship | meters (m) |
| flyer_lat | latitude of the towed vehicle, accounting for the distance behind the ship | degrees North |
| flyer_lon | longitude of the towed vehicle, accounting for the distance behind the ship | degrees East |
| distance | cumulative distance for the Wire Flyer along the track | meters (m) |
| ship_distance | cumulative distance of the ship along the track | meters (m) |
| timestamp | time stamp in microunix seconds | microunix seconds |
| datestring | date-time string (GMT) in format where xxx represent milliseconds: YYYY-MM-DD hh:mm:ss.xxx | unitless |
| ISO_DateTime_UTC | date-time string converted to ISO8601 format: YYYY-MM-DDThh:mm:ss.xxxxxxZ. Note that data are accurate to milliseconds (not microseconds) | unitless |
| lat | latitude of ship | degrees North |
| lon | longitude of ship | degrees East |
| cmg | compass heading | degrees |
| sog | speed over ground | knots |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Wire Flyer |
| Generic Instrument Name | Wire Flyer Towed Profiling System |
| Generic Instrument Description | Description from Roman et al. (2019):
The Wire Flyer towed vehicle is a platform able to collect high-resolution water column sections. The vehicle is motivated by a desire to effectively capture spatial structures at the submesoscale. The Wire Flyer profiles up and down along a ship-towed cable autonomously using controllable wings for propulsion. At ship speeds between 2 and 5 kt (1.02–2.55 m s−1), the vehicle is able to profile over prescribed depth bands down to 1000 m. The vehicle carries sensors for conductivity, temperature, depth, oxygen, turbidity, chlorophyll, pH, and oxidation reduction potential. During normal operations, the vehicle is typically commanded to cover vertical regions between 300 and 400 m in height with profiles that repeat at kilometer spacing. The vertical profiling speed can be user-specified up to 150 m min−1. During operations, an acoustic modem is used to communicate with the vehicle to provide status information, data samples, and the ability to modify the sampling pattern.
Detailed information can be found in the following publication:
Roman, C., Ullman, D. S., Hebert, D., & Licht, S. (2019). The Wire Flyer Towed Profiling System. Journal of Atmospheric and Oceanic Technology, 36(2), 161–182. doi:10.1175/jtech-d-17-0180.1 |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Sikuliaq |
| Start Date | 2017-01-19 |
| End Date | 2017-02-15 |
| Description | See additional cruise information from R2R: https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/SKQ201701S |
Description from NSF award abstract:
With climate change, ocean temperatures are expected to increase which in turn will reduce oxygen availability and increase metabolic oxygen demand in marine organisms. The investigators will conduct shipboard physiological experiments for various marine organisms and determine their distributions in relation to environmental conditions within an oxygen minimum zone (OMZ) in the Eastern Pacific Ocean. The goal will be to model and map a Metabolic Index (MI) to predict how vertical and horizontal distributions for these species might change throughout the world's oceans in the future. The MI is defined as the ratio between environmental oxygen supply and temperature-dependent oxygen demand. Oxygen supply includes both the environmental oxygen concentration across a habitat range and the physiological features of organisms that facilitate oxygen uptake, such as gills and circulatory systems. Thus, the MI will integrate measured tolerance and environmental exposure to low oxygen with environmental data. The investigators will measure tolerance to low oxygen, focusing on under-studied organisms, including the effect of temperature and organism size. They will sample along a natural gradient in oxygen content south of the California Current in the Eastern Pacific. The science team and a videographer will develop a blog about deep-sea biology and climate change using web-based and video technologies. Four graduate students will be funded on this project, and in conjunction with a recently developed course in pelagic ecology, several undergraduates will have the opportunity to participate in seagoing research.
This research fills a critical need for a physiology-based metric that can be used to predict changing marine communities as the oceans warm and hypoxic zones expand. Modern OMZs are extensive and characterized by deep-water (300-800 m) oxygen partial pressures lethal to most marine organisms, yet thriving communities exist there. Climate change is predicted to further deplete oxygen. The investigators will model and map a Metabolic Index (MI) for diverse marine species to help predict how in vertical and horizontal distributions of species may change throughout the world's oceans in the future. The MI will derive oxygen supply and demand data from published and planned measurements of the minimum environmental partial pressure of oxygen to which individual species are exposed (based on their distributions in the water column) and the minimum requirements to support routine aerobic metabolic demand (from shipboard respiration measurements of individuals). During research cruises in the Eastern Pacific along a gradient of OMZ intensity, the investigators will conduct shipboard physiological measurements to determine metabolic demand for understudied mesozooplankton and gelatinous taxa and determine the size- and temperature dependence for diverse species for incorporation into the MI. Vertically-stratified net sampling and in situ photography will identify and characterize unique OMZ community features, such as the lower oxycline biomass peak present in some OMZs and the oxygen-dependence of day and night habitat depths for vertically-migrating species. The MI will be mapped using climatological data to both test and generate hypotheses about the response of oceanic communities to climate change. In preliminary analysis, the MI suggests a metabolic constraint at a MI of ~2 that may act to limit vertical and horizontal habitat ranges.
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) |