http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset/859990
eng; USA
utf8
dataset
Highest level of data collection, from a common set of sensors or instrumentation, usually within the same research project
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
2021-09-02
ISO 19115-2 Geographic Information - Metadata - Part 2: Extensions for Imagery and Gridded Data
ISO 19115-2:2009(E)
Discrete bottle data from Hydrostation S in the Sargasso Sea from January 1955 through June 2025
2026-01-13
publication
2026-01-13
revision
Marine Biological Laboratory/Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution Library (MBLWHOI DLA)
2024-11-21
publication
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.859990.4
Nicholas R. Bates
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Roderick Bakker
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Eloise Chambers
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Lucinda Derbyshire
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Afonso Goncalves Neto
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Paul J. Lethaby
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Rebecca May
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Claire Medley
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Dominic Smith
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Emma Stuart
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
principalInvestigator
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
publisher
Cite this dataset as: Bates, N. R., Johnson, R. J., Lethaby, P. J., Smith, D., Medley, C., May, R., Derbyshire, L., Goncalves Neto, A., Bakker, R., Stuart, E., Chambers, E. (2026) Discrete bottle data from Hydrostation S in the Sargasso Sea from January 1955 through June 2025. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). (Version 7) Version Date 2026-01-13 [if applicable, indicate subset used]. doi:10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.859990.7 [access date]
Hydrostation S bottle data Dataset Description: <p>Hydrographic measurements from discrete water bottle samples collected at Hydrostation S located 25 km SE of Bermuda (32°10' N, 64°30' W).&nbsp;&nbsp;Measurements have been collected since 1954 at the Panulirus hydrographic stations and include salinity, temperature, sigma theta, and dissolved oxygen.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p> Methods and Sampling: <p>The data presented here are&nbsp;discrete bottle samples from the Hydrostation S (or Panulirus) time series site from&nbsp;January 1955 (cruise #60009) through&nbsp;June 2025 (cruise #61501)</p>
<p>Water samples have been collected at the Panulirus&nbsp;site, located about 25 kilometers southeast of Bermuda, since 1954 when Henry 'Hank'&nbsp;Stommel and co-workers initiated repeat biweekly hydrographic measurements and observations.&nbsp;</p>
<p>The bottle samples were originally collected from Hydrocasts using Niskin bottles and reversing thermometers for temperature and thermometric depth. CTD profiling was introduced to the Panulirus&nbsp;project in October 1988 and the methodology used for collection of CTD data and integrated water samples has been consistent with those used on the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study&nbsp;(see Knap et al., 1997).&nbsp;The standard sample parameter list has been mostly consistent for the full time-series record&nbsp;and includes temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Since October 1988 (cruise #60643), data and samples have been collected using a SeaBird 911+ CTD and an integrated Niskin rosette system. The largest data gap of almost one year was due to the loss of all the Niskin bottles and reversing thermometers following a break in the hydro wire on station #463 (April 1979).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Further information on the data collection from 1954-1984 can be obtained in the Joint WHOI and BBSR (BIOS) data report 'Station S off Bermuda,&nbsp;Physical measurements 1954-1988 (WHOI contribution No. 6894)' by Metcalf et al. (1988).&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Ship information:</strong><br />
-&nbsp; R/V Panulirus I (June 1954-May 1967)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Panulirus II (June 1967-December 1982)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Weatherbird I (January 1983 - September 1989)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Weatherbird II (October 1989 - April 2006)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Atlantic Explorer (May 2006 - November 2024)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Endeavor (December 2024)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Neil Armstrong ( January - February 2025)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Atlantic Explorer (March - June 2025)</p>
<p>Numerous Chief Scientists have carried out the sampling during the cruises:&nbsp;<br />
William Sutcliffe, David Menzel, John Beers, Albert Brooks, Fred Mackenzie, Roger Pocklington, Eric Amos, Byron Morris, John Barnes, Anthony (Tony) Knap, Timothy Jickells, Rachel Sheriff-Dow,&nbsp;Anthony Michaels, Kjell Gundersen, Rodney Johnson, Ann Close, Paul Lethaby, Julian Mitchell, Vivienne Lochhead, Deborah Lomas, Steven Bell, Jonathan Whitefield, Gwyn Evans, James Sadler, Samuel Monk, Samuel Stevens, Afonso Goncalves, Matt Enright, Fernando Pacheco, Zac Anderson, Claire Medley, Dominic Smith, Rebecca May and Lucinda Derbyshire.</p>
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-1633125 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=1633125
Funding provided by NSF Division of Ocean Sciences (NSF OCE) Award Number: OCE-2122606 Award URL: https://www.nsf.gov/awardsearch/show-award?AWD_ID=2122606
onGoing
Nicholas R. Bates
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
1-441-297-1880
17 Biological Lane GE 01
St. Georges
Bermuda
nick.bates@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Rodney J. Johnson
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
441-297-1880
7 Biological Station
St. Georges
GE 01
Bermuda
rod.johnson@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Roderick Bakker
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
roderick.bakker@bios.asu.edu
pointOfContact
Eloise Chambers
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
eloise.chambers@bios.asu.edu
pointOfContact
Lucinda Derbyshire
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
Lucinda.Derbyshire@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Afonso Goncalves Neto
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
afonso.goncalves@bios.asu.edu
pointOfContact
Paul J. Lethaby
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
Bermuda
paul.lethaby@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Rebecca May
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
Rebecca.May@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Claire Medley
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
Claire.Medley@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Dominic Smith
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
Dominic.Smith@bios.edu
pointOfContact
Emma Stuart
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
emma.stuart@bios.asu.edu
pointOfContact
asNeeded
Dataset Version: 7
Unknown
ISO_DateTime_UTC
decimal_year
Bottle_ID
Latitude
Longitude
Vessel
Cruise_num
Cast_num
Bottle_num
QF_Bottle
Depth
QF_Depth
CTD_Pressure
QF_CTD_press
Temperature
QF_Temp
CTD_Salinity
QF_CTD_Sal
Salinity_1
QF_Salinity
Sigma_theta
QF_Sigma_theta
Oxygen
QF_Oxygen
yyyymmdd
time
CTD Sea-Bird 911
Go-FLo bottle
Niskin bottle
Guildline salinometer
theme
None, User defined
ISO_DateTime_UTC
year_decimal
sample identification
latitude
longitude
ship
Cruise identfier
cast
bottle
quality flag
depth
water pressure
water temperature at measurement depth
salinity from CTD
salinity from water bottle samples
sigma-theta
No BCO-DMO term
date
time of day
featureType
BCO-DMO Standard Parameters
CTD Sea-Bird 911
GO-FLO Bottle
Niskin bottle
Salinometer
instrument
BCO-DMO Standard Instruments
BATS_cruises
Panulirus_site_cruises
service
Deployment Activity
Sargasso Sea
20 km SE of Bermuda in Sargasso Sea (32°10’N, 64°30’W)
place
Locations
otherRestrictions
otherRestrictions
Access Constraints: none. Use Constraints: Please follow guidelines at: http://www.bco-dmo.org/terms-use Distribution liability: Under no circumstances shall BCO-DMO be liable for any direct, incidental, special, consequential, indirect, or punitive damages that result from the use of, or the inability to use, the materials in this data submission. If you are dissatisfied with any materials in this data submission your sole and exclusive remedy is to discontinue use.
The Panulirus Hydrographic Stations (Hydrostation S)
http://www.bios.edu/research/projects/hydrostation-s/
The Panulirus Hydrographic Stations (Hydrostation S)
<p><span style="font-size:14px"><span style="background-color:rgb(255, 255, 255); color:rgb(51, 51, 51); font-family:sans-serif,arial,verdana,trebuchet ms">Hydrostation S (also known as Panulirus hydrographic station) is recognized as one of the most important sustained ocean time-series sites in the world. Located about 25 km southeast of Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean, this site has oceanographic measurements dating back to 1954, when Henry Stommel and co-workers initiated repeat biweekly hydrographic observations. </span></span></p>
<p><span style="font-size:14px">The most recent project awards and abstracts are listed below. A detailed <strong>history of funding</strong> with summary of all project awards for Hydrostation S (Panulirus Hydrographic stations) can be found here (PDF format):<br />
<span style="font-family:arial"><a href="https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/305/Hydrostation_S/data_docs/Hydrostation_S_funding_history.pdf">https://datadocs.bco-dmo.org/docs/305/Hydrostation_S/data_docs/Hydrostation_S_funding_history.pdf</a></span></span></p>
<p><strong>Years 70-74:</strong><br />
<em><strong>NSF Award OCE-2122606 Abstract:</strong></em></p>
<p>This project continues hydrographic observations at Hydrostation S, extending the time-series of ocean data to almost 70 years. Hydrostation S (formerly known as the Panulirus site), located about 25 km southeast of Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean, is one of the longest open-ocean hydrographic stations in the world. This program of repeat biweekly hydrographic observations began in 1954 and now, in its seventh decade, has proved to be the catalyst for numerous studies of ocean physics, biological processes and biogeochemistry. Sustained observations of the ocean, such as those from Hydrostation S, remain critically important to establish rates of change to provide quantitative empirical data for myriad regional and global ocean synthesis and modeling of ocean processes and future ocean change. Hydrostation S program and its data are considered as a service to the community, being openly distributed and subsequently have been an invaluable resource in understanding processes and patterns of variability in the ocean, as well as education, mentorship and outreach activities.</p>
<p>The major objective of the proposal is to continue Hydrostation S into the eighth decade with numerous questions related to warming and cooling, salinification and freshening, deoxygenation and insights on biogeochemical changes over time. This program constitutes frequent water column sampling of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (and indirectly, sampling of important ocean carbon time–series) of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre at the Hydrostation S site. Such work is complementary to other sustained observations such as the Bermuda Atlantic Time–series Study (BATS) and Ocean Flux Program (OFP). The project entails a similar sampling format that has been followed for the past 68 years. Hydrostation S also supports the longest global ocean CO2 and acidification time-series (from 1983 to present).</p>
<p>This award reflects NSF's statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation's intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.</p>
<p> </p>
<p><strong>Years 65-69:</strong><br />
<em><strong>NSF Award OCE-1633125 Abstract:</strong></em><br />
The physical properties of the ocean from the surface layers to the abyssal water masses are changing in concert with natural and anthropogenically influenced physical forcing and sustained observations of the ocean are critically important to establish these rates of change. One of the longest open-ocean hydrographic stations in the world is maintained at the Hydrostation S site (formerly known as the Panulirus site) located about 25 km southeast of Bermuda in the North Atlantic Ocean. This repeat biweekly hydrographic observations was initiated by Henry Stommel and co-workers in 1954. Now, in its seventh decade, it continues to be recognized as one of the most important sustained ocean time-series and provides an invaluable metric for the long-term state of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre in relation to the meridional overturning circulation, western boundary transport, and gyre recirculation. For example, the upper ocean warming trend has strengthened (about 0.8° C since the 1970's) while the deep Labrador Sea has cooled by a few tenths of a degree. The signature of deoxygenation has been observed at Hydrostation S in the upper ocean (about 7 micro-moles/kg/decade decrease in dissolved oxygen) as well as an intensification and expansion of the oxygen minimum zone. These changes suggest that the North Atlantic subtropical gyre is experiencing deoxygenation as in the Pacific Ocean as a result of increased upper ocean stratification and reduced solubility of oxygen in warmer waters. The Hydrostation S program and its data set are managed as a service to the ocean community, being openly distributed and used as a resource in understanding processes and patterns of variability in the ocean, as well as for education, mentorship and outreach activities. The Hydrostation S project will contribute to the research and training of six research specialists and research technicians at BIOS and contribute to the research projects of at least three Ph.D. students through on-going educational partnership with Princeton University and the University of Southampton in the U.K. The one-day Hydrostation S research cruises are an ideal platform for testing new sensors and for providing hand-on training to undergraduate students enrolled in summer programs.</p>
<p>The Hydrostation S project is designed to address the overarching hypothesis that the physical properties of the upper-ocean to deep-ocean are changing in concert with natural and anthropogenically influenced physical forcing. Sustained observations of the ocean, such as those from Hydrostation S, remain critically important to establish rates of change to provide quantitative empirical data for myriad regional and global ocean synthesis and modeling of ocean processes and future ocean change. The major objective of Hydrostation S into the seventh decade is to continue the frequent water column sampling of temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen (and indirectly, sampling of important ocean carbon time?series) of the North Atlantic subtropical gyre. Such work is complementary to other sustained observations such as the Bermuda Atlantic Time-series Study (BATS) and Ocean Flux Program (OFP). As for the past five years, two CTD profiles will be conducted to better capture the deep-water variability while maintaining all the previous discrete depths. The first CTD cast will profile to full ocean depth (3,200-3,500 m) while the second CTD cast will profile from the surface to 500 m to allow for biogeochemical instrumentation not rated for full ocean depth and to support ancillary studies of ocean physics, biological processes and biogeochemistry. A secondary objective will be to build upon the collaborative comparison of physical data collected as part of two autonomous sensor projects. In the latter stages of the project, as ocean glider deployment becomes more sustainable and reliable, collaborative and comparative efforts will be used to test the capability of ocean gliders to provide data of sufficient quality to detect long-term oceanic change in a "virtual" mooring time-series mode. The robust and highly accurate Hydrostation S data will be used to test the capability of emerging technologies over the next five to ten years.</p>
Hydrostation S
largerWorkCitation
project
eng; USA
oceans
Sargasso Sea; 20 km SE of Bermuda in Sargasso Sea (32°10’N, 64°30’W)
-66.799
-63.289
30.154
32.983
1955-01-29
2025-06-19
Sargasso Sea at 31 50'N 64 10'W
0
BCO-DMO catalogue of parameters from Discrete bottle data from Hydrostation S in the Sargasso Sea from January 1955 through June 2025
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936731.rdf
Name: ISO_DateTime_UTC
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date and Time in ISO8601 standard format</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936732.rdf
Name: decimal_year
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Decimal year</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936733.rdf
Name: Bottle_ID
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Unique bottle ID which identifies cruise type, cruise, cast, and Niskin bottle number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936734.rdf
Name: Latitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Latitude</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936735.rdf
Name: Longitude
Units: decimal degrees
Description: <p>Longitude (West is negative)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936736.rdf
Name: Vessel
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Research vessel used for sampling</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936737.rdf
Name: Cruise_num
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cruise number</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936738.rdf
Name: Cast_num
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Cast number; 1-80=CTD casts, 81-99=Hydrocasts (i.e. 83 = Data from Hydrocast number 3</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936739.rdf
Name: Bottle_num
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Bottle number of sample</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936740.rdf
Name: QF_Bottle
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Niskin or Go-Flo bottles (-3 = suspect, 1=unverified, 2= verified/acceptable)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936741.rdf
Name: Depth
Units: meters (m)
Description: <p>Depth</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936742.rdf
Name: QF_Depth
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for depth (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936743.rdf
Name: CTD_Pressure
Units: dbar
Description: <p>CTD pressure</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936744.rdf
Name: QF_CTD_press
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for CTD pressure (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936745.rdf
Name: Temperature
Units: degrees Celsius ( °C)
Description: <p>Temperature in ITS-90 standard</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936746.rdf
Name: QF_Temp
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Temperature (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936747.rdf
Name: CTD_Salinity
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>CTD Salinity on PSS-78 scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936748.rdf
Name: QF_CTD_Sal
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for CTD salinity (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936749.rdf
Name: Salinity_1
Units: dimensionless
Description: <p>Salinity-1 measurement on PSS-78 scale</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936750.rdf
Name: QF_Salinity
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Salinity-1 (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936751.rdf
Name: Sigma_theta
Units: kilograms per cubic meter (kg/m^3)
Description: <p>Sigma-theta measurement</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936752.rdf
Name: QF_Sigma_theta
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for sigma-theta measurement (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936753.rdf
Name: Oxygen
Units: micromoles per kilogram (umol/kg)
Description: <p>Oxygen-1</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936754.rdf
Name: QF_Oxygen
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Quality flag for Oxygen-1 measurement (1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data)</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936755.rdf
Name: yyyymmdd
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Date</p>
http://lod.bco-dmo.org/id/dataset-parameter/936756.rdf
Name: time
Units: unitless
Description: <p>Time</p>
GB/NERC/BODC > British Oceanographic Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, United Kingdom
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
5826352
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/86236675-236c-4a56-9bc2-f302ea29f55d/content
download
5744099
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/90f97f28-0265-49fc-bd94-cd736cc2dabe/content
download
5683657
https://darchive.mblwhoilibrary.org/server/api/core/bitstreams/a1188ab6-d032-4622-9dee-18e03d040f06/content
download
https://doi.org/10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.859990.4
download
onLine
dataset
<p>The data presented here are&nbsp;discrete bottle samples from the Hydrostation S (or Panulirus) time series site from&nbsp;January 1955 (cruise #60009) through&nbsp;June 2025 (cruise #61501)</p>
<p>Water samples have been collected at the Panulirus&nbsp;site, located about 25 kilometers southeast of Bermuda, since 1954 when Henry 'Hank'&nbsp;Stommel and co-workers initiated repeat biweekly hydrographic measurements and observations.&nbsp;</p>
<p>The bottle samples were originally collected from Hydrocasts using Niskin bottles and reversing thermometers for temperature and thermometric depth. CTD profiling was introduced to the Panulirus&nbsp;project in October 1988 and the methodology used for collection of CTD data and integrated water samples has been consistent with those used on the Bermuda Atlantic Time series Study&nbsp;(see Knap et al., 1997).&nbsp;The standard sample parameter list has been mostly consistent for the full time-series record&nbsp;and includes temperature, salinity, and dissolved oxygen. Since October 1988 (cruise #60643), data and samples have been collected using a SeaBird 911+ CTD and an integrated Niskin rosette system. The largest data gap of almost one year was due to the loss of all the Niskin bottles and reversing thermometers following a break in the hydro wire on station #463 (April 1979).&nbsp;</p>
<p>Further information on the data collection from 1954-1984 can be obtained in the Joint WHOI and BBSR (BIOS) data report 'Station S off Bermuda,&nbsp;Physical measurements 1954-1988 (WHOI contribution No. 6894)' by Metcalf et al. (1988).&nbsp;</p>
<p><strong>Ship information:</strong><br />
-&nbsp; R/V Panulirus I (June 1954-May 1967)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Panulirus II (June 1967-December 1982)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Weatherbird I (January 1983 - September 1989)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Weatherbird II (October 1989 - April 2006)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Atlantic Explorer (May 2006 - November 2024)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Endeavor (December 2024)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Neil Armstrong ( January - February 2025)<br />
-&nbsp; R/V Atlantic Explorer (March - June 2025)</p>
<p>Numerous Chief Scientists have carried out the sampling during the cruises:&nbsp;<br />
William Sutcliffe, David Menzel, John Beers, Albert Brooks, Fred Mackenzie, Roger Pocklington, Eric Amos, Byron Morris, John Barnes, Anthony (Tony) Knap, Timothy Jickells, Rachel Sheriff-Dow,&nbsp;Anthony Michaels, Kjell Gundersen, Rodney Johnson, Ann Close, Paul Lethaby, Julian Mitchell, Vivienne Lochhead, Deborah Lomas, Steven Bell, Jonathan Whitefield, Gwyn Evans, James Sadler, Samuel Monk, Samuel Stevens, Afonso Goncalves, Matt Enright, Fernando Pacheco, Zac Anderson, Claire Medley, Dominic Smith, Rebecca May and Lucinda Derbyshire.</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
<p>Data was processed, evaluated, and flagged using the following Quality Flag definitions:<br />
* Bottle (Niskin or Go-Flo) quality flags:&nbsp; -3= suspect, 1= unverified, 2= verified/acceptable<br />
* Parameter data quality flags: 1= unverified, 2= verified acceptable, 3= questionable, 4= bad, 9= no data</p>
<p>Note: Previous version(s) had Oxygen Fix Temperature (OxFix) and Oxygen Anomaly (Anom1). For v005 onward, it was deemed not necessary to include the oxygen fix temperature since it was specific to BIOS internal use. Oxygen anomaly was removed since it is a calculated variable.&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
Specified by the Principal Investigator(s)
** Version 7 (v007) **
This version adds data from new cruises 61491-61501 (January-June 2025) to existing data beginning in 1955 (cruises 60009 through 61490).
Imported data from files “hydrostation_bottle_qcmask_v007.txt" and “hydrostation_bottle_v007.txt” into the BCO-DMO data system. Data files imported using missing data identifiers (nd, -999, -999.0, -999.000).
a) Joined the two files using join keys of Id, yyyymmdd, latN, and lonW
b) Modified parameter names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
c) Converted latitude and longitude values to decimal degrees
d) Zero-padded the values in the time column and combined with the date column to create a new ISO 8601 DateTime field.
e) Using information from the Bottle_ID column, created columns for Cruise, Cast, and Bottle
f) Added a field for Vessel
g) Renamed the quality flag fields to have the measurement description (rather than QF1, QF2, etc) and moved flags adjacent to the corresponding measurement columns.
Exported file as "859990_v7_hydrostation_s_bottle.csv"
** Version 6 (v006) **
This version adds data from July 16th, 2024 through December 2024 (new cruises 61479-61490) to the existing data from 1955 onward (cruises 60009 to 61478).
Imported data from files “hydrostation_bottle_qcmask_v006.txt" and “hydrostation_bottle_v006.txt” into the BCO-DMO data system. Data files imported using missing data identifiers (nd, -999, -999.0, -999.000).
- Completed steps a) through g) as listed above
Exported file as "859990_v6_hydrostation_s_bottle.csv"
** Version 5 (v005) **
This version adds data from January 2024 through July 2024 (new cruises 61466-61478) to the existing data from 1955 onward (cruises 60009 to 61465)
Imported data from files "hydrostation_bottle_qcmask_v005.txt" and "hydrostation_bottle_v005.txt" into the BCO-DMO data system. Data files imported using missing data identifiers (nd, -999, -999.0, -999.000).
- Completed steps a) through g) as listed above
Exported combined file as "859990_v5_hydrostation_s_bottle.csv"
** Version 4 (v004) **
This was the first archival version of the Hydrostation S bottle data. Previous versions were made publicly available on the BCO-DMO site, but did not have any DOI's minted for them. Those prior versions were superseded by this version. The DOI version matches the Bermuda Atlantic TimeSeries data versions.
Imported data from files “hydrostation_bottle_qcmask_v004.txt" and “hydrostation_bottle_v004” into the BCO-DMO data system. Data file imported using missing data identifiers (nd, -999, -999.0, -999.000).
- Completed steps a) through g) as listed above
Exported file as "859990_v4_hydrostation_s_bottle.csv"
** See the attached release notes for more information. **
Specified by BCO-DMO Data Managers
asNeeded
7.x-1.1
Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO)
Unavailable
508-289-2009
WHOI MS#36
Woods Hole
MA
02543
USA
info@bco-dmo.org
http://www.bco-dmo.org
Monday - Friday 8:00am - 5:00pm
For questions regarding this resource, please contact BCO-DMO via the email address provided.
pointOfContact
CTD Sea-Bird 911
CTD Sea-Bird 911
PI Supplied Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911 Instrument Name: CTD Sea-Bird 911 Instrument Short Name:CTD SBE 911 Instrument Description: The Sea-Bird SBE 911 is a type of CTD instrument package. The SBE 911 includes the SBE 9 Underwater Unit and the SBE 11 Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 and SBE 11 is called a SBE 911. The SBE 9 uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 and SBE 4). The SBE 9 CTD can be configured with auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). More information from Sea-Bird Electronics. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0035/
Go-FLo bottle
Go-FLo bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Go-FLo bottle PI Supplied Instrument Description:Go-Flo bottles are made by General Oceanics, and they allow water to flow through them once past the initial top layer of water, and up until they are triggered to close. The tubes are made of stout PVC that can be sent to depths of 500m or more. Instrument Name: GO-FLO Bottle Instrument Short Name:GO-FLO Instrument Description: GO-FLO bottle cast used to collect water samples for pigment, nutrient, plankton, etc. The GO-FLO sampling bottle is specially designed to avoid sample contamination at the surface, internal spring contamination, loss of sample on deck (internal seals), and exchange of water from different depths. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L05/current/30/
Niskin bottle
Niskin bottle
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Name: Niskin bottle Instrument Short Name:Niskin bottle Instrument Description: A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. Community Standard Description: http://vocab.nerc.ac.uk/collection/L22/current/TOOL0412/
Guildline salinometer
Guildline salinometer
PI Supplied Instrument Name: Guildline salinometer Instrument Name: Salinometer Instrument Short Name:Salinometer Instrument Description: A salinometer is a device designed to measure the salinity, or dissolved salt content, of a solution.
Cruise: BATS_cruises
BATS_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel
BATS_cruises
Nicholas R. Bates
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
http://bats.bios.edu/bats-data/
Report describing BATS_cruises
Cruise: Panulirus_site_cruises
Panulirus_site_cruises
Multiple Vessels
vessel
Panulirus_site_cruises
Nicholas R. Bates
Bermuda Institute of Ocean Sciences
Multiple Vessels
vessel