| Contributors | Affiliation | Role |
|---|---|---|
| Carlson, Craig A. | University of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB) | Principal Investigator |
| Giovannoni, Stephen | Oregon State University (OSU) | Co-Principal Investigator |
| Halewood, Elisa | University of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB) | Scientist |
| Liu, Shuting | University of California-Santa Barbara (UCSB) | Scientist |
| Gerlach, Dana Stuart | Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI BCO-DMO) | BCO-DMO Data Manager |
Sampling
From July 2016 through July 2019, samples were collected from CTD samplers and Niskin bottles during R/V Atlantic Explorer cruises to understand ocean processes and ecological interactions in the open ocean waters near Bermuda. The BATS program provided monthly collections, while BIOS-SCOPE process cruises provided more detailed information from around-the-clock sampling for the hydrographic variables. Plankton tows were used to assess the temporal and vertical variability of organic and inorganic nutrients, vitamins, metabolites, microbial biomass and production, bacterial and viral DNA, and zooplankton biomass at depths over 1000 meters. In situ sequential filtration pumps collected particles for molecular and isotopic characterization of organic particles that spanned four biologically-relevant size classes over 12 depths. Numerous shipboard experiments were conducted to evaluate zooplankton and microbial respiration, as well as organic matter transformation by bacterioplankton (free living bacteria).
Between February 2017 and September 2018, time series of physical and biogeochemical properties were acquired near the BATS site using three separate Slocum G2 gliders deployed in 10 consecutive missions. Each glider carried a science payload that included a pumped CTD, WetLabs ECOpuck (ChlF and Bp700) and Aanderaa O2 optode, and was programmed to spiral around a 0.5 km box (essentially holding station) and profile between 0 and ~900 meters depth. For five missions the glider was additionally equipped with a Submersible Underwater Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA). Monthly, co-located ship-based CTD and water sample profiles were used to calibrate each of the sensors. These time series demonstrate the relationship between vertical zones, seasons and biogeochemical property distributions.
Analysis
BIOS-SCOPE cruise samples were analyzed at UCSB using the following instruments and methods:
Flow injection analysis was performed on a Lachat QuikChem 8500 series 2 to obtain concentration data for nitrate, nitrite, NO3 + NO2, ortho-phosphate, ammonium, and silicate.
Particulate organic carbon (POC) and particulate organic nitrogen (PON) were measured by combustion analysis using a CEC 440HA elemental analyzer. Additional methodology, calibrations, precision and accuracy, and methodological references are detailed at the UCSB MSI Analytical Lab Website: http://www.msi.ucsb.edu/services/analytical-lab.
Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) were measured using high temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) on a Shimadzu TOC-V system with TNM-1 unit (Carlson et al., 2010).
Bacterioplankton abundance was obtained using Olympus BX51 epifluorescent microscope (Porter & Feig, 1980). Heterotrophic bacterial production was analyzed using 3H-leucine uptake (Smith & Azam, 1992).
Total Dissolved Amino Acids (TDAA) and individual amino acids were measured using HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography) following the methods of Liu et al. (2020). The amino acids include alanine, arginine, aspartic acid, beta-alanine, gamma-aminobutyric acid, glutamic acid, glycine, histidine, isoleucine, leucine, lysine, methionine, phenylalanine, serine, taurine, threonine, tyrosine, and valine.
Season was derived from the Slocum G2 glider time series data. The glider data had longer deployment periods marking the seasonal changes, so the CTD sampling dates were lined up with the glider data using date/timestamp. Each CTD/bottle profile was assigned a season code based on the alignment with the known seasons and dates from the glider data. Season designations are 1=Mixed, 2=Spring transition, 3=Stratified, 4=Fall transition (for more information, see the Physical Framework document on the Project page)
Slocum G2 glider data. Determined from the glider time series in each year, then each CTD/bottle profile is assigned a season code based on those dates. Season designation. Season = 1 : Mixed 2: Spring transition 3: Stratified 4: Fall transition (see Physical Framework document)
Genomic DNA samples were amplified and sequenced using universal primer sets for 16S and 18S with 'general' Illumina overhang adapters at Center for Genome Research and Biocomputing (Oregon State University) Corvallis, OR. These data have been deposited with links to BioProject accession number PRJNA769790 in the NCBI BioProject database.
*Related dataset with NCBI sequence information and links is (BCO-DMO dataset number TBD)*
Quality Flags:
0=good
1=unknown/below detection limit
4=questionable/high error
8=bad quality/outlier
- - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - -
Mixed Layer Depth (MLD):
Overview in de Boyer Montegut (2004). The CTD, bottle, and glider profiles are labeled with three definitions of MLD which reflect processes that affect stratification on different time scales:
ML_dens125
- ML_dens125 is defined as the depth where sigma-theta is greater than the surface density by 0.125 kg m-3
- ML_dens125 reflects deepest reach of seasonal convective mixing
- ML_dens125 exhibits LOWEST frequency variability
- ML_dens125 is DEEPEST of three MLD
- refer to Suga et al (2004)
ML_densT2
- ML_densT2 is defined as the depth where sigma-theta exceeds the surface density +0.2*alpha
(where alpha is the thermal expansion coefficient)
- ML_densT2 marks intermediate episodes of convective mixing;
- ML_desnsT2 marks intermediate episodes of convective mixing;
- ML_densT2 exhibits MEDIUM variability
- ML_densT2 has depths between the other two definitions.
- refer to Sprintall & Tomczak (1992)
ML_bvfrq
- ML_bvfrq is defined as the depth where the buoyancy frequency (N2) first exceeds the standard deviation of N2.
- ML_bvfrq responds to diurnal scales of restratification/mixing (and has been adopted by the NAAMES program).
- ML_bvfrq exhibits HIGHEST frequencies
- ML_bvfrq has SHALLOWEST depth
- refer to Mojica & Gaube (in review)
See PhysicalFramework.pdf on Project page for plots comparing these parameters.
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BCO-DMO Processing:
- converted latitude and longitude to decimal degrees (south and west are negative)
- combined date and time columns into a single ISO 8601 formatted datetime
- modified parameter (column) names to conform with BCO-DMO naming conventions
- added conventional header with dataset name, PI name, version date
- missing data identifier "-999" in the original source file was replaced with BCO-DMO default missing data identifier, which varies depending on the type of file that is downloaded from the BCO-DMO data system. For example, missing data will be shown as blank (null) values in the csv files. In MATLAB .mat files it will be displayed as NaN. When viewing data at BCO-DMO the missing value will be shown as "nd" meaning "no data."
| File |
|---|
survey_biogeochemical.csv (Comma Separated Values (.csv), 470.61 KB) MD5:ed94742f15a9158af199e04642b4ce12 Primary data file for dataset ID 861266 |
| File |
|---|
BIOSSCOPE_Table1_Vertical_Zones filename: Table_1_Vertical_Zones.pdf (Portable Document Format (.pdf), 162.01 KB) MD5:eed5471cb0b8222f9467ba6b7b6bb568 Table 1. Vertical Zones
Vertical layers 0 to 10 defined by dynamical and biogeochemical criteria |
| Parameter | Description | Units |
| Program | Program name | unitless |
| Cruise_ID | Vessel and cruise number | unitless |
| Cast | Cast number according to CTD log sheets | unitless |
| Niskin | Niskin bottle number according to CTD log sheets | unitless |
| decy | Date in decimal year | decimal years |
| ISO_DateTime_UTC | Date and UTC Time in ISO8601 format | unitless |
| Latitude | Latitude at start of cast | decimal degrees |
| Longitude | Longitude at start of cast (West is negative) | decimal degrees |
| Depth | CTD bottle collection depth | meters (m) |
| Nominal_Depth | Target depth | meters (m) |
| Temp | Standard CTD temperature profiling | degrees Celsius |
| CTD_SBE35T | Temperature from SeaBird 35 CTD which has 8 second average taken at time of the bottle fire. This sensor has an accuracy of 0.0001C as compared to the standard profiling units which have an accuracy of 0.002C. | degrees Celsius |
| Conductivity | Conductivity | Siemens per meter (S/m) |
| CTD_S | Salinity measured by CTD | practical salinity units (PSU) |
| Pressure | Pressure | decibars (dbar) |
| sig_theta | Sigma-theta | kilograms per cubed meter (kg/m^3) |
| O2 | CTD Oxygen | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| BAC | Beam attenuation coefficient | per meter |
| Fluo | CTD Fluorescence | microgram per liter (ug/L) |
| PAR | CTD Photosynthetically active radiation | microEinsteins per second per square meter (uE/m^2/sec) |
| Pot_Temp | Potential temperature | degrees Celsius |
| Niskin_temp | modeled Niskin temperature when it gets back on deck | degrees Celsius |
| NO3_plus_NO2 | Nitrate plus nitrite concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| NO3_plus_NO2_QF | Nitrate plus nitrite quality flag | unitless |
| NO3 | Nitrate concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| NO3_QF | Nitrate quality flag | unitless |
| NO2 | Nitrite concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| NO2_QF | Nitrite quality flag | unitless |
| PO4 | Ortho-phosphate concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| PO4_QF | Ortho-phosphate quality flag | unitless |
| NH4 | Ammonium concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| NH4_QF | Ammonium quality flag | unitless |
| SiO2 | Silicate concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| SiO2_QF | Silicate quality flag | unitless |
| POC | Particulate organic carbon | micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg) |
| POC_QF | Particulate organic carbon quality flag | unitless |
| PON | Particulate organic nitrogen | micrograms per kilogram (ug/kg) |
| PON_QF | Particulate organic nitrogen quality flag | unitless |
| DOC | Dissolved organic carbon concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| DOC_QF | Dissolved organic carbon quality flag | unitless |
| TDN | Total dissolved nitrogen concentration | micromole per kilogram (umol/kg) |
| TDN_QF | Total dissolved nitrogen quality flag | unitless |
| Bact | Bacterioplankton abundance from microscopy with DAPI stain | cells times 100 million per kilogram (cells*10^8/kg) |
| Bact_QF | Bacterioplankton abundance quality flag | unitless |
| BP_Leu | Heterotrophic bacterial production based on 3H leucine incorporation | picomole per liter per hour (pmol/L/hr) |
| BP_Leu_QF | Bacterial production quality flag | unitless |
| TDAA | Total dissolved amino acid | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| TDAA_QF | Total dissolved amino acid quality flag | unitless |
| Ala | Amino acid alanine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Arg | Amino acid arginine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Asp | Amino acid aspartic acid concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Beta_Ala | Amino acid beta-alanine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| GABA | Amino acid gamma-aminobutyric acid concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Glu | Amino acid glutamic acid concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Gly | Amino acid glycine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| His | Amino acid histidine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Ile | Amino acid isoleucine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Leu | Amino acid leucine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Lys | Amino acid lysine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Met | Amino acid methionine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Phe | Amino acid phenylalanine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Ser | Amino acid serine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Tau | Amino acid derivative taurine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Thr | Amino acid threonine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Tyr | Amino acid tyrosine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| Val | Amino acid valine concentration | nanomole per liter (nmol/L) |
| V1V2_ID | Sequence ID for 16S amplicon V1V2 region | unitless |
| V4_18s_ID | Sequence ID for 18S V4 region | unitless |
| Sunrise | Time of sunrise in UTC derived from CTD data and computed from geographic position and date | unitless |
| Sunset | Time of sunset in UTC derived from CTD data and computed from geographic position and date | unitless |
| MLD_dens125 | Mixed layer depth defined by surface density plus 0.125 kilograms per cubed meter (see Acquisition description) | meters (m) |
| MLD_bvfrq | Depth of "active mixing" defined by buoyancy frequency after Mojica & Gaube (see Acquisition description) | meters (m) |
| MLD_densT2 | MLD from Thermal Expansion Coeff, and dT=0.2 deg C (see Acqusition description) | meters (m) |
| DCM | Depth of chlorophyll maximum (from CTD fluorometer) | meters (m) |
| VertZone | Vertical Zone designation where vertical layers 0 to 10 are defined by dynamical and biogeochemical criteria (see Table 1 under Supplemental Files) | unitless |
| Season | Season designation where 1=Mixed, 2=Spring Transition, 3=Stratified, 4=Fall Transition | unitless |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Niskin bottles |
| Generic Instrument Name | Niskin bottle |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Niskin bottle (a next generation water sampler based on the Nansen bottle) is a cylindrical, non-metallic water collection device with stoppers at both ends. The bottles can be attached individually on a hydrowire or deployed in 12, 24, or 36 bottle Rosette systems mounted on a frame and combined with a CTD. Niskin bottles are used to collect discrete water samples for a range of measurements including pigments, nutrients, plankton, etc. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Reeve net |
| Generic Instrument Name | Reeve Net |
| Dataset-specific Description | During the winter and the summer cruises a Reeve net (1 m mouth, 150 µm mesh) will be towed obliquely from 150 m to the surface at the start of each evening when the echo-sounder indicates that the DVM zooplankton have returned to the surface, and late evening (~ 4 am) prior to the descent of the DVM layer. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Reeve Net is a conventional ring net with a very large acrylic cylindrical cod-end (30 liters) designed to collect fragile gelatinous animals. The net is lowered to a particular depth and then hauled slowly back to the surface (5-10 m/min). Reeve (1981) also described a double net system with no bridle and flotation at the net mouth that is attached to a roller mechanism that rides on a tow wire.
The roller system is locked in place by a pressure release device. Once below a set pressure, the roller
and nets are released and they float slowly up the wire, gently collecting the zooplankton, without being
influenced by the motion of the vessel and associated vertical wire movements. (from Wiebe and Benfield, 2003) |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | MOCNESS |
| Generic Instrument Name | MOCNESS |
| Dataset-specific Description | Mesozooplankton sampling will be carried out seasonally via a Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System (MOCNESS) equipped with 200 µm nets during the mid-day and mid-evening. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Multiple Opening/Closing Net and Environmental Sensing System or MOCNESS is a family of net systems based on the Tucker Trawl principle. There are currently 8 different sizes of MOCNESS in existence which are designed for capture of different size ranges of zooplankton and micro-nekton Each system is designated according to the size of the net mouth opening and in two cases, the number of nets it carries. The original MOCNESS (Wiebe et al, 1976) was a redesigned and improved version of a system described by Frost and McCrone (1974).(from MOCNESS manual) This designation is used when the specific type of MOCNESS (number and size of nets) was not specified by the contributing investigator. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Submersible Underwater Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA) |
| Generic Instrument Name | Nutrient Autoanalyzer |
| Dataset-specific Description | For five missions the glider was additionally equipped with a Submersible Underwater Nitrate Analyzer (SUNA) |
| Generic Instrument Description | Nutrient Autoanalyzer is a generic term used when specific type, make and model were not specified. In general, a Nutrient Autoanalyzer is an automated flow-thru system for doing nutrient analysis (nitrate, ammonium, orthophosphate, and silicate) on seawater samples. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Aanderaa O2 optode |
| Generic Instrument Name | Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes |
| Dataset-specific Description | Slocum G2 glider carried a science payload that included Aanderaa oxygen optode. |
| Generic Instrument Description | Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes are instrument for monitoring oxygen in the environment. For instrument information see the Aanderaa Oxygen Optodes Product Brochure. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CTD SeaBird 911+ |
| Generic Instrument Name | CTD Sea-Bird SBE 911plus |
| Dataset-specific Description | CTD SeaBird 911+ was deployed to measure temperature, conductivity, salinity, pressure, oxygen, and fluorescence. |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Sea-Bird SBE 911 plus is a type of CTD instrument package for continuous measurement of conductivity, temperature and pressure. The SBE 911 plus includes the SBE 9plus Underwater Unit and the SBE 11plus Deck Unit (for real-time readout using conductive wire) for deployment from a vessel. The combination of the SBE 9 plus and SBE 11 plus is called a SBE 911 plus. The SBE 9 plus uses Sea-Bird's standard modular temperature and conductivity sensors (SBE 3 plus and SBE 4). The SBE 9 plus CTD can be configured with up to eight auxiliary sensors to measure other parameters including dissolved oxygen, pH, turbidity, fluorescence, light (PAR), light transmission, etc.). more information from Sea-Bird Electronics |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Shimadzu TOC-V |
| Generic Instrument Name | Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer |
| Dataset-specific Description | High temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) was performed on a Shimadzu TOC-V system with TNM-1 chemiluminescent detector assembly |
| Generic Instrument Description | A Shimadzu TOC-V Analyzer measures DOC by high temperature combustion method. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | CEC 440HA combustion analyzer |
| Generic Instrument Name | CHN Elemental Analyzer |
| Dataset-specific Description | CEC 440HA combustion analyzer was used to measure particulate organic carbon and particulate organic nitrogen |
| Generic Instrument Description | A CHN Elemental Analyzer is used for the determination of carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen content in organic and other types of materials, including solids, liquids, volatile, and viscous samples. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | TNM-1 chemiluminescent detector assembly |
| Generic Instrument Name | Total Nitrogen Analyzer |
| Dataset-specific Description | High temperature catalytic oxidation (HTCO) was performed on a Shimadzu TOC-V system with TNM-1 chemiluminescent detector assembly that permits Total Nitrogen measurements. |
| Generic Instrument Description | A unit that accurately determines the nitrogen concentrations of organic compounds typically by detecting and measuring its combustion product (NO). See description document at: http://bcodata.whoi.edu/LaurentianGreatLakes_Chemistry/totalnit.pdf |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Lachat QuikChem 8500 series 2 |
| Generic Instrument Name | Flow Injection Analyzer |
| Dataset-specific Description | Lachat QuikChem 8500 series 2 was used to measure nitrate, nitrite, ortho-phosphate, ammonium, and silicate by flow injection analysis |
| Generic Instrument Description | An instrument that performs flow injection analysis. Flow injection analysis (FIA) is an approach to chemical analysis that is accomplished by injecting a plug of sample into a flowing carrier stream. FIA is an automated method in which a sample is injected into a continuous flow of a carrier solution that mixes with other continuously flowing solutions before reaching a detector. Precision is dramatically increased when FIA is used instead of manual injections and as a result very specific FIA systems have been developed for a wide array of analytical techniques. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Olympus BX51 epifluorescent microscope |
| Generic Instrument Name | Fluorescence Microscope |
| Dataset-specific Description | Olympus BX51 epifluorescent microscope was used to obtain bacterioplankton abundance in 10^8 cells per kilogram. |
| Generic Instrument Description | Instruments that generate enlarged images of samples using the phenomena of fluorescence and phosphorescence instead of, or in addition to, reflection and absorption of visible light. Includes conventional and inverted instruments. |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | WetLabs ECOpuck (ChlF and Bp700) |
| Generic Instrument Name | Wet Labs ECO Puck |
| Dataset-specific Description | Slocum G2 glider carried a science payload that included WetLabs ECOpuck (ChlF and Bp700) |
| Generic Instrument Description | The Puck is a miniature version of the ECO series of sensors, specifically designed for use in AUVs, profiling floats, and Slocum gliders with a dry science bay. This compact optical sensor is available in combinations of backscattering and fluorescence measurements.
Manufacturer's website: https://www.seabird.com/auv-rov-sensors/eco-puck/family?productCategoryI... |
| Dataset-specific Instrument Name | Slocum G2 glider |
| Generic Instrument Name | Slocum G2 glider |
| Dataset-specific Description | Time series of physical and biogeochemical properties were acquired near the BATS site using three separate Slocum G2 gliders |
| Generic Instrument Description | A long-range autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV) based on buoyancy. It is used for remote water column sampling. It uses hydraulic buoyancy change to alter the vehicle density in relation to the surrounding water thereby causing the vehicle to either float or sink. Given an appropriate dive or climb angle, the wings and body lift and convert some of this vertical motion into a forward saw tooth horizontal motion. Periodically, the glider surfaces and calls via Iridium Satellite Phone (anywhere in world) or Free Wave RF Modem (line of sight) in to Dockserver (auto attendant computer) to relay navigational fix, data and receive further instructions for command and control. The glider is capable of storm sampling and can be flown in a coordinated fleet. It is 1.5 m in length, has a hull diameter of 22 cm and mass of 54 kgs. It has an exchangeable payload (capacity up to 6 L) which is capable of housing a variety of environmental sensors such as nitrate and oxygen. It uses lithium or alkaline batteries. It has a deployment range of 600-6000 km, a deployment length of 15 days to 12 months and an operating depth range of 4-1000m. Navigation is via GPS waypoints, a pressure and altimeter sensor. Maximum speed is .35 m/s. It transmits via RF modem, Iridium (RUDICS), ARGOS or acoustic modem. |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantic Explorer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2016-07-09 |
| End Date | 2016-07-12 |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantic Explorer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2017-07-08 |
| End Date | 2017-07-11 |
| Description | Project BIOS-SCOPE |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantic Explorer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2018-07-03 |
| End Date | 2018-07-06 |
| Description | Project BIOS-SCOPE |
| Website | |
| Platform | R/V Atlantic Explorer |
| Report | |
| Start Date | 2019-07-08 |
| End Date | 2019-07-11 |
| Description | Project BIOS-SCOPE |
The aim of BIOS-SCOPE is to expand knowledge about the BATS ecosystem and achieve a better understanding of ocean food web sources, sinks and transformations of DOM. Advances in knowledge and technology now poise us to investigate the specific mechanisms of DOM incorporation, oxidation and transformation by zooplankton and the distinct microbial plankton communities that have been discovered at BATS.
The overarching goal of the BIOS-SCOPE is to form and foster collaborations of cross disciplinary science that utilize a broad suite of genomic, chemical, ecological, and biogeochemical approaches to evaluate microbial process, structure and function on various scales. These scales will range from organism-compound and organism-organism interactions to large biogeochemical patterns on the ecosystem scale. For this purpose we have assembled a cross-disciplinary team including microbial oceanographers (Carlson and Giovannoni), a chemical oceanographer (Kujawinski), biological oceanographer / zooplankton ecologists (Maas and Blanco-Bercial) and microbial bioinformatician (Temperton) with the expertise and technical acuity that are needed to study complex interactions between food web processes, microbes and DOM quantity and quality in the oligotrophic ocean. This scientific team has a vision of harnessing this potential to produce new discoveries that provide a mechanistic understanding of the carbon cycle and explain the many emergent phenomenon that have yet to be understood.
For additional details:
BIOSSCOPE I: November 1st, 2015 through October 31st, 2020
Current: November 1st, 2020 to October 31st, 2025
| Funding Source | Award |
|---|---|
| Simons Foundation (Simons) |